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Yitzhak Zuckerman

Yitzhak Zuckerman (Polish: Icchak Cukierman; Hebrew: יצחק צוקרמן; 13 December 1915 – 17 June 1981), also known by his nom de guerre "Antek", was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 against Nazi Germany during World War II.

Yitzhak Zuckerman
Yitzhak Zuckerman testifies for the prosecution during the trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961.
Born(1915-12-13)13 December 1915
Died17 June 1981(1981-06-17) (aged 65)
NationalityPolish
Israeli
Known forOne of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Spouse
(m. 1946)
Children2
RelativesRoni Zuckerman (granddaughter)

Biography edit

Zuckerman was born on December 13, 1915, in Vilnius, then part of the Russian Empire. After World War I Vilnius became part of the recreated Polish state. As a young man he embraced the concepts of Socialism and Zionism. He graduated from a religious elementary school associated with the Mizrachi Zionist movement, followed by a Hebrew gymnasium in 1933.[1] He applied to study at the University of Vilnius and Hebrew University in Jerusalem, but never began university studies.[1]

In his youth, he became involved with the Zionist movement, as a member of HeHalutz and HeHalutz Hatzair.[1] He lived in a Vilnius kibbutz on Subocz Street, then on a farm training pioneers in Grochów near Warsaw.[1] In 1937, he became a member of the HeHalutz Hatzair Central Committee, and in 1938 he took over as secretary general of the Dror-Hehalutz.[1]

After the German and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 he was in the area overrun by the Red Army and initially stayed in the Soviet zone of occupation, where he took an active part in the creation of various Jewish underground socialist organisations. In the spring of 1940 he moved to Warsaw, where he became one of the leaders of the Dror Hechaluc youth movement, along with his future wife Zivia Lubetkin. Zuckerman was issued a false passport by the Ładoś Group.[2]

In 1941 he became the deputy commander of the ŻOB resistance organisation. In this capacity, he served mainly as the envoy between the commander of ŻOB and the commanders of the Polish resistance organizations of Armia Krajowa and Armia Ludowa. On 22 December 1942 he and two accomplices attacked a café in Kraków that was being used by the SS and Gestapo. Zuckerman was wounded and narrowly escaped, and his two comrades were tracked down and killed.

In 1943, he was working on the "Aryan" side of Warsaw to procure guns and ammunition when the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising erupted. Unable to enter the ghetto to join his comrades in battle, he nonetheless proved a crucial link between resistance forces within the ghetto and the Home Army on the "Aryan" side. Along with Simcha "Kazik" Rotem, he organized the escape of the surviving ZOB fighters through the sewers to safety. During the later Warsaw Uprising of 1944, he led a small troop of 322 survivors of the Ghetto Uprising as they fought the Germans in the ranks of the Armia Ludowa.[citation needed]

After the war he worked as part of the Bricha network, whose operatives smuggled Jewish refugees out of Eastern and Central Europe to Mandate Palestine. In 1947 he himself made that journey, settling in what would soon be Israel. There he and his wife Zivia, along with other veterans of the ghetto undergrounds and former partisans, were among the founding members of Kibbutz Lohamei HaGeta'ot and the Ghetto Fighters' House (GFH) museum located on its grounds, commemorating those who struggled against the Nazis. GFH has a study center named for Zivia and Yitzhak Zuckerman. Zuckerman and Lubetkin settled in Lohamei HaGeta'ot and had two children, Shimon (b. 1947) and Yael (b. 1949).

In 1961 he appeared as a witness at the trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Israel. He died in 1981, in the kibbutz he had founded.

A record of a lengthy interview he gave in 1976 was expanded into the book Sheva ha-Shanim ha-Hen: 1939-1946 [Hebrew: Those Seven Years] published in Israel in 1991, later translated into English and published as A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

His granddaughter Roni Zuckerman became the Israeli Air Force's first female fighter pilot.

In 2001, the tale of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was turned into a made-for-TV film entitled Uprising, with actor David Schwimmer portraying Zuckerman.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e "Cukierman Icchak | Wirtualny Sztetl". sztetl.org.pl. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  2. ^ "Ładoś List - results of research as of 24 October 2019" (PDF). Pilecki Institute. 24 October 2019. p. 12. Retrieved 2020-04-07.

Bibliography edit

  • Nir Itzik, "The Testimonies of Yitzhak (Antek) Zuckerman from Wartime to Those Seven Years: A Reassessment", Moreshet Journal for the Study of the Holocaust and Antisemitism, vol. 16/2019, pp. 135–183.
  • Yitzhak Zuckerman, A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; translated and edited by Barbara Harshav. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. ISBN 0-520-07841-1
  • Yitzhak Zuckerman, 'A life in the ghetto'; translated and edited by Barbara Harshav.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Icchak Cukierman at Wikimedia Commons

yitzhak, zuckerman, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2013, learn, when, remove, this, template, messa. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Yitzhak Zuckerman Polish Icchak Cukierman Hebrew יצחק צוקרמן 13 December 1915 17 June 1981 also known by his nom de guerre Antek was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 against Nazi Germany during World War II Yitzhak ZuckermanYitzhak Zuckerman testifies for the prosecution during the trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961 Born 1915 12 13 13 December 1915Vilna Russian EmpireDied17 June 1981 1981 06 17 aged 65 Lohamei HaGeta ot IsraelNationalityPolishIsraeliKnown forOne of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto UprisingSpouseZivia Lubetkin m 1946 wbr Children2RelativesRoni Zuckerman granddaughter Contents 1 Biography 2 See also 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksBiography editZuckerman was born on December 13 1915 in Vilnius then part of the Russian Empire After World War I Vilnius became part of the recreated Polish state As a young man he embraced the concepts of Socialism and Zionism He graduated from a religious elementary school associated with the Mizrachi Zionist movement followed by a Hebrew gymnasium in 1933 1 He applied to study at the University of Vilnius and Hebrew University in Jerusalem but never began university studies 1 In his youth he became involved with the Zionist movement as a member of HeHalutz and HeHalutz Hatzair 1 He lived in a Vilnius kibbutz on Subocz Street then on a farm training pioneers in Grochow near Warsaw 1 In 1937 he became a member of the HeHalutz Hatzair Central Committee and in 1938 he took over as secretary general of the Dror Hehalutz 1 After the German and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 he was in the area overrun by the Red Army and initially stayed in the Soviet zone of occupation where he took an active part in the creation of various Jewish underground socialist organisations In the spring of 1940 he moved to Warsaw where he became one of the leaders of the Dror Hechaluc youth movement along with his future wife Zivia Lubetkin Zuckerman was issued a false passport by the Lados Group 2 In 1941 he became the deputy commander of the ZOB resistance organisation In this capacity he served mainly as the envoy between the commander of ZOB and the commanders of the Polish resistance organizations of Armia Krajowa and Armia Ludowa On 22 December 1942 he and two accomplices attacked a cafe in Krakow that was being used by the SS and Gestapo Zuckerman was wounded and narrowly escaped and his two comrades were tracked down and killed In 1943 he was working on the Aryan side of Warsaw to procure guns and ammunition when the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising erupted Unable to enter the ghetto to join his comrades in battle he nonetheless proved a crucial link between resistance forces within the ghetto and the Home Army on the Aryan side Along with Simcha Kazik Rotem he organized the escape of the surviving ZOB fighters through the sewers to safety During the later Warsaw Uprising of 1944 he led a small troop of 322 survivors of the Ghetto Uprising as they fought the Germans in the ranks of the Armia Ludowa citation needed After the war he worked as part of the Bricha network whose operatives smuggled Jewish refugees out of Eastern and Central Europe to Mandate Palestine In 1947 he himself made that journey settling in what would soon be Israel There he and his wife Zivia along with other veterans of the ghetto undergrounds and former partisans were among the founding members of Kibbutz Lohamei HaGeta ot and the Ghetto Fighters House GFH museum located on its grounds commemorating those who struggled against the Nazis GFH has a study center named for Zivia and Yitzhak Zuckerman Zuckerman and Lubetkin settled in Lohamei HaGeta ot and had two children Shimon b 1947 and Yael b 1949 In 1961 he appeared as a witness at the trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Israel He died in 1981 in the kibbutz he had founded A record of a lengthy interview he gave in 1976 was expanded into the book Sheva ha Shanim ha Hen 1939 1946 Hebrew Those Seven Years published in Israel in 1991 later translated into English and published as A Surplus of Memory Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising His granddaughter Roni Zuckerman became the Israeli Air Force s first female fighter pilot In 2001 the tale of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was turned into a made for TV film entitled Uprising with actor David Schwimmer portraying Zuckerman See also editMarek Edelman Izrael Kanal Zivia LubetkinReferences edit a b c d e Cukierman Icchak Wirtualny Sztetl sztetl org pl Retrieved 2023 04 21 Lados List results of research as of 24 October 2019 PDF Pilecki Institute 24 October 2019 p 12 Retrieved 2020 04 07 Bibliography editNir Itzik The Testimonies of Yitzhak Antek Zuckerman from Wartime to Those Seven Years A Reassessment Moreshet Journal for the Study of the Holocaust and Antisemitism vol 16 2019 pp 135 183 Yitzhak Zuckerman A Surplus of Memory Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising translated and edited by Barbara Harshav Berkeley University of California Press 1993 ISBN 0 520 07841 1 Yitzhak Zuckerman A life in the ghetto translated and edited by Barbara Harshav External links edit nbsp Media related to Icchak Cukierman at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yitzhak Zuckerman amp oldid 1216992172, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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