The Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major was a 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial engine. It was Gnome-Rhône's major aircraft engine prior to World War II, and matured into a highly sought-after design that would see licensed production throughout Europe and Japan. Thousands of Mistral Major engines were produced, used on a wide variety of aircraft.
Mistral Major
Gnome-Rhône 14Ks in a hangar in North Africa, 1943
In 1921 Gnome-Rhône purchased a license for the highly successful nine-cylinder single-row Bristol Jupiter radial engine and produced it until about 1930, alongside the smaller five-cylinder Bristol Titan. Starting in 1926, however, they used the basic design of the Titan to produce a family of new single-row radial engines, the so-called "K series". With increasing numbers of cylinders, these started with the 5K Titan, followed by the 7K Titan Major and 9K Mistral. By 1930, 6,000 of these engines had been delivered.
However, the aircraft industry at that time was rapidly evolving and producing much larger aircraft that demanded larger engines to power them. Gnome-Rhône responded by developing the 7K into a two-row version that became the 14K Mistral Major. The first test examples were running in 1929.
As the Jupiter had set the pattern for one-row radials in the 1920s, the Mistral Major became a canonical design for twin-row radials of the 1930s. It was widely licensed and formed the basis for many successful designs. Among the licensees were Industria Aeronautică Română in Romania, Manfred Weiss in Hungary, Alvis of the UK, Tumansky in the USSR, Walter of Czechoslovakia, and Isotta Fraschini and Piaggio in Italy. Nakajima in Japan also licensed it, but did not put it into production, developing their own designs based on features taken from the Mistral and other designs.
VariantsEdit
14Kbr
Reduction gearing
14Kbrs
Supercharged with reduction gearing
14Kdr
Reduction gearing
14Kds
Supercharger
14Kdrs
Supercharged with reduction gearing
14Kes
Supercharged (LH rotation)
14Kfs
Supercharged (RH rotation Kers)
14Kirs
Supercharged with reduction gearing (LH rotation)
14Kjrs
Supercharged with reduction gearing (RH rotation Kirs)
14Knrs
Supercharged with reduction gearing (LH rotation)
14Kors
Supercharged with reduction gearing (RH rotation Knrs)
Development of engine with British fasteners. 15 built before project abandoned with start of Second World War as no suitable use in Air Ministry plans.
^Tsygulev (1939). (in Russian). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe voennoe izdatelstvo Narkomata Oborony Soyuza SSR. Archived from the original on 2009-03-24.
^(PDF) (in Spanish). Paris: Société Des Moteurs Gnome-Rhône. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
Danel, Raymond and Cuny, Jean. L'aviation française de bombardement et de renseignement 1918-1940 Docavia n°12, Editions Larivière
October 16, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Gnome Rhone Mistral Major news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Gnome Rhone 14K Mistral Major was a 14 cylinder two row air cooled radial engine It was Gnome Rhone s major aircraft engine prior to World War II and matured into a highly sought after design that would see licensed production throughout Europe and Japan Thousands of Mistral Major engines were produced used on a wide variety of aircraft Mistral MajorGnome Rhone 14Ks in a hangar in North Africa 1943Type Radial engineManufacturer Gnome et RhoneFirst run 1929Developed into Gnome Rhone 14N Contents 1 Design and development 2 Variants 3 Applications 3 1 Aircraft powered by Gnome Rhone 14K derivatives 4 Specifications Gnome Rhone 14Kd 4 1 General characteristics 4 2 Components 4 3 Performance 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 ReferencesDesign and development EditIn 1921 Gnome Rhone purchased a license for the highly successful nine cylinder single row Bristol Jupiter radial engine and produced it until about 1930 alongside the smaller five cylinder Bristol Titan Starting in 1926 however they used the basic design of the Titan to produce a family of new single row radial engines the so called K series With increasing numbers of cylinders these started with the 5K Titan followed by the 7K Titan Major and 9K Mistral By 1930 6 000 of these engines had been delivered However the aircraft industry at that time was rapidly evolving and producing much larger aircraft that demanded larger engines to power them Gnome Rhone responded by developing the 7K into a two row version that became the 14K Mistral Major The first test examples were running in 1929 As the Jupiter had set the pattern for one row radials in the 1920s the Mistral Major became a canonical design for twin row radials of the 1930s It was widely licensed and formed the basis for many successful designs Among the licensees were Industria Aeronautică Romană in Romania Manfred Weiss in Hungary Alvis of the UK Tumansky in the USSR Walter of Czechoslovakia and Isotta Fraschini and Piaggio in Italy Nakajima in Japan also licensed it but did not put it into production developing their own designs based on features taken from the Mistral and other designs Variants Edit14Kbr Reduction gearing 14Kbrs Supercharged with reduction gearing 14Kdr Reduction gearing 14Kds Supercharger 14Kdrs Supercharged with reduction gearing 14Kes Supercharged LH rotation 14Kfs Supercharged RH rotation Kers 14Kirs Supercharged with reduction gearing LH rotation 14Kjrs Supercharged with reduction gearing RH rotation Kirs 14Knrs Supercharged with reduction gearing LH rotation 14Kors Supercharged with reduction gearing RH rotation Knrs Alvis Pelides Development of engine with British fasteners 15 built before project abandoned with start of Second World War as no suitable use in Air Ministry plans Isotta Fraschini K 14 license built in Italy by Isotta Fraschini IAM K14 licensed derivative produced in Yugoslavia IAR K14 licensed derivative produced in Romania Manfred Weiss WM K 14 licensed derivative produced in Hungary Piaggio P XI licensed derivative produced in Italy Piaggio P XIX higher compression development of Piaggio P XI Tumansky M 85 license built in USSR by Tumansky Tumansky M 86 960 hp 715 kW development of M 85 through increased supercharging and a higher compression ratio 1 Tumansky M 87 Tumansky M 88 Walter Mistral Major IAM K 14Applications EditAmiot 143 Aero A 102 Bloch MB 200 Bloch MB 210 Breguet 274 Breguet 460 Breguet 462 Breguet 470 Breguet 521 Breguet 670 Dewoitine D 371 Dornier Do 17K Farman F 222 Loire 46 C1 Makhonine Mak 101 PZL P 24 PZL 43 Potez 501 Potez 506 Potez 62 Potez 651 Aircraft powered by Gnome Rhone 14K derivatives Edit Aero A 102 Breda Ba 65 Breda Ba 88 CANT Z 1007 CANT Z 1011 Caproni Ca 135 Caproni Ca 161 Heinkel He 70 IAR 37 IAR 80 Ilyushin DB 3 MAVAG Heja Reggiane Re 2000 Saab 17 Savoia Marchetti SM 79 Savoia Marchetti SM 84 Sukhoi Su 2 Weiss Manfred WM 21 Solyom Weiss Manfred WM 23 Ezust NyilSpecifications Gnome Rhone 14Kd EditData from 2 3 General characteristics Type Fourteen cylinder two row air cooled radial engine Bore 146 mm 5 748 in Stroke 165 mm 6 496 in Displacement 38 673 L 2 360 0 cu in Length Kds 1 317 mm 51 85 in Kdr 0 5 reduction gear 1 528 mm 60 16 in Kdr 0 666 reduction gear 1 530 mm 60 24 in Kdrs 0 5 reduction gear 1 554 mm 61 18 in Kdrs 0 666 reduction gear 1 556 mm 61 26 in Diameter 1 288 mm 50 71 in Dry weight Kdr 0 5 reduction gear 503 kg 1 109 lb Kdr 0 666 reduction gear 508 kg 1 120 lb Kdrs 0 5 reduction gear 523 kg 1 153 lb Kdrs 0 666 reduction gear 528 kg 1 164 lb Kds 502 kg 1 107 lb Components Valvetrain Two Overhead valves per cylinder operated by pushrods Supercharger Kds Kdrs Single speed centrifugal type supercharger Fuel system Stromberg carburetor Fuel type 87 octane rating gasoline Cooling system Air cooled Reduction gear Direct drive 0 5 1 or 0 666 1Performance Power output Kdr 600 kW 800 hp at sea level Kdrs 580 kW 780 hp at 1 500 m 4 900 ft at 2 400 rpm Kdrs 510 kW 680 hp at 4 000 m 13 000 ft at 2 400 rpm Kds 560 kW 750 hp at 1 500 m 4 900 ft at 2 300 rpm Kds 480 kW 650 hp at 4 000 m 13 000 ft at 2 300 rpm Specific power Kdr 15 5 kW L 0 34 hp in Compression ratio 5 5 1 Specific fuel consumption 328 g kW h 0 54 lb hp h Oil consumption 20 g kW h 0 53 oz hp h Power to weight ratio 1 52 kW kg 0 92 hp lb Gallery Edit nbsp A Piaggio P XI engine at the Malmohus Technical Museum Malmo Sweden nbsp A Tumansky M 85 at the Aviation Museum of Central Finland nbsp Walter Mistral Major nbsp A Walter Mistral Major at the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow See also EditRelated development IAR 14K Piaggio P XI Tumansky M 87Related lists List of aircraft enginesReferences Edit DB 3 Airpages ru Retrieved 2007 01 08 Tsygulev 1939 Aviacionnye motory voennykh vozdushnykh sil inostrannykh gosudarstv Aviacionnye motory voennyh vozdushnyh sil inostrannyh gosudarstv in Russian Moscow Gosudarstvennoe voennoe izdatelstvo Narkomata Oborony Soyuza SSR Archived from the original on 2009 03 24 Moteurs Gnome Rhone series K PDF in Spanish Paris Societe Des Moteurs Gnome Rhone Archived from the original PDF on 6 October 2014 Retrieved 3 October 2014 Danel Raymond and Cuny Jean L aviation francaise de bombardement et de renseignement 1918 1940 Docavia n 12 Editions Lariviere Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gnome Rhone Mistral Major amp oldid 1160428682, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
