The Iroha Jiruishō (色葉字類抄 or 伊呂波字類抄, "Characters classified in iroha order and annotated") is a 12th-century Japanese dictionary of Kanji ("Chinese characters"). It was the first Heian Period dictionary to collate characters by pronunciation (in the iroha order) rather than by logographic radical (like the Tenrei Banshō Meigi) or word meaning (Wamyō Ruijushō).
The Iroha Jiruishō has a complex history (see Okimori 1996:8-11) involving editions of two, three, and ten fascicles (kan 卷 "scroll; volume"). The original 2-fascicle edition was compiled by an unknown editor in late Heian era circa 1144-1165 CE. This was followed by a 3-fascicle edition by Tachibana Tadakane (橘忠兼) circa 1177-1188. Finally, at the start of the Kamakura Period, another anonymous editor compiled the expanded 10-fascicle edition, entitled 伊呂波字類抄 (with Iroha written 伊呂波 instead of 色葉).
The main character entries are annotated with katakana to indicate both on'yomi Sino-Japanese borrowings and kun'yomi native Japanese pronunciations. The Iroha Jiruishō orthography shows that 12th-century Japanese continued to phonetically distinguish voiceless and voiced sounds, but the distinction between /zi/ and /di/, /zu/ and /du/, and /eu/ and /ou/ was being lost. These entry words typify the Japanized version of classical Chinese known as hentai Kanbun (変体漢文 "anomalous Chinese writing", see Azuma Kagami) or Wakan konkōbun (和漢混交文 "mixed Japanese and Chinese writing"). This is a bilingual dictionary for looking up Chinese characters in terms of their Japanese pronunciation, and not a true Japanese language dictionary.
The Iroha jiruishō inventively groups entries by their first mora into 47 phonetic sections (部門) like i (伊), ro (呂), and ha (波); each subdivided into 21 semantic headings shown in the table below.
Most of these 21 headings are self-explanatory semantic fields, with the exceptions of 13 Jiji for miscellaneous words written with a single character, 14 Jūten reduplicative compounds (e.g., ji-ji 時時, literally "time time", "at times, occasionally"), and 15 Jōji synonym compounds (e.g., kanryaku 簡略, literally "simple simple", "simplicity, conciseness"). These 21 Iroha jiruishō headings can be compared with the 24 used two centuries earlier in the Wamyō Ruijushō.
Unlike all the other major Heian Japanese dictionaries that followed Chinese dictionary traditions, the Iroha Jiruishō's phonetic ordering can undoubtedly be interpreted, says Don C. Bailey (1960:16), "as a sign of increasing independence from Chinese cultural influences." Most subsequent Japanese dictionaries, excepting kanji ones, were internally organized by pronunciation.
Bailey, Don Clifford. (1960). "Early Japanese Lexicography". Monumenta Nipponica 16:1-52.
Nakada Norio 中田祝夫, ed. (1977). Iroha jirui shō kenkyū narabini sōgō sakuin (色葉字類抄研究並びに總合索引 "Research and a General Index for the Iroha Jiruishō). Tokyo : Kazama Shobō.
Kaneko Akira 金子彰. (1996). "色葉字類抄・伊呂波字類抄 (Iroha Jiruishō)". In Nihon jisho jiten 日本辞書辞典 (The Encyclopedia of Dictionaries Published in Japan), Okimori Takuya 沖森卓也, et al., eds., pp. 8-11. Tokyo: Ōfū. ISBN4-273-02890-5
External links
色葉字類抄, online JPEG Iroha Jiruishō edition, Kyoto University Library
iroha, jiruishō, 色葉字類抄, 伊呂波字類抄, characters, classified, iroha, order, annotated, 12th, century, japanese, dictionary, kanji, chinese, characters, first, heian, period, dictionary, collate, characters, pronunciation, iroha, order, rather, than, logographic, rad. The Iroha Jiruishō 色葉字類抄 or 伊呂波字類抄 Characters classified in iroha order and annotated is a 12th century Japanese dictionary of Kanji Chinese characters It was the first Heian Period dictionary to collate characters by pronunciation in the iroha order rather than by logographic radical like the Tenrei Banshō Meigi or word meaning Wamyō Ruijushō The Iroha Jiruishō has a complex history see Okimori 1996 8 11 involving editions of two three and ten fascicles kan 卷 scroll volume The original 2 fascicle edition was compiled by an unknown editor in late Heian era circa 1144 1165 CE This was followed by a 3 fascicle edition by Tachibana Tadakane 橘忠兼 circa 1177 1188 Finally at the start of the Kamakura Period another anonymous editor compiled the expanded 10 fascicle edition entitled 伊呂波字類抄 with Iroha written 伊呂波 instead of 色葉 The main character entries are annotated with katakana to indicate both on yomi Sino Japanese borrowings and kun yomi native Japanese pronunciations The Iroha Jiruishō orthography shows that 12th century Japanese continued to phonetically distinguish voiceless and voiced sounds but the distinction between zi and di zu and du and eu and ou was being lost These entry words typify the Japanized version of classical Chinese known as hentai Kanbun 変体漢文 anomalous Chinese writing see Azuma Kagami or Wakan konkōbun 和漢混交文 mixed Japanese and Chinese writing This is a bilingual dictionary for looking up Chinese characters in terms of their Japanese pronunciation and not a true Japanese language dictionary The Iroha jiruishō inventively groups entries by their first mora into 47 phonetic sections 部門 like i 伊 ro 呂 and ha 波 each subdivided into 21 semantic headings shown in the table below Classified headings in the Iroha jiruishō Heading Rōmaji Kanji Subject1 Tenshō 天象 astronomical phenomena seasons2 Chigi 地儀 geographical features dwellings3 Shokubutsu 植物 trees plants4 Dōbutsu 動物 animals5 Jinrin 人倫 human relations moral questions6 Jintai 人体 human anatomy body parts7 Jinji 人事 human affairs8 Inshoku 飲食 foods drinks9 Zatsubutsu 雑物 miscellaneous things10 Kōsai 光彩 colors brilliance11 Hōgaku 方角 directions points of the compass12 Inzu 員数 numbers13 Jiji 辞字 miscellaneous 1 character words14 Juten 重点 reduplicative compounds15 Jōji 畳字 synonym compounds16 Shosha 諸社 shrines Shintō 17 Shoji 諸寺 temples Buddhist 18 Kokugun 国郡 administrative and political divisions19 Kanshoku 官職 official titles and ranks20 Seishi 姓氏 surnames clan names21 Myōji 名字 namesMost of these 21 headings are self explanatory semantic fields with the exceptions of 13 Jiji for miscellaneous words written with a single character 14 Juten reduplicative compounds e g ji ji 時時 literally time time at times occasionally and 15 Jōji synonym compounds e g kanryaku 簡略 literally simple simple simplicity conciseness These 21 Iroha jiruishō headings can be compared with the 24 used two centuries earlier in the Wamyō Ruijushō Unlike all the other major Heian Japanese dictionaries that followed Chinese dictionary traditions the Iroha Jiruishō s phonetic ordering can undoubtedly be interpreted says Don C Bailey 1960 16 as a sign of increasing independence from Chinese cultural influences Most subsequent Japanese dictionaries excepting kanji ones were internally organized by pronunciation References EditThis article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations May 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Bailey Don Clifford 1960 Early Japanese Lexicography Monumenta Nipponica 16 1 52 Nakada Norio 中田祝夫 ed 1977 Iroha jirui shō kenkyu narabini sōgō sakuin 色葉字類抄研究並びに總合索引 Research and a General Index for the Iroha Jiruishō Tokyo Kazama Shobō Kaneko Akira 金子彰 1996 色葉字類抄 伊呂波字類抄 Iroha Jiruishō In Nihon jisho jiten 日本辞書辞典 The Encyclopedia of Dictionaries Published in Japan Okimori Takuya 沖森卓也 et al eds pp 8 11 Tokyo Ōfu ISBN 4 273 02890 5External links Edit色葉字類抄 online JPEG Iroha Jiruishō edition Kyoto University Library Manuscript scan at Waseda University Library 1827 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Iroha Jiruishō amp oldid 1012744730, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
