Iraqi Federation of Trade Unions
The Iraqi Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU) was the largest union federation in Iraq in the first half of the 2000s and, under Decree No. 16 in January 2004, the only one recognized by the Iraqi government.[1][2][3][4] This, along with the organization's alliance with Ayad Allawi's transitional government, many other labor organizations distrusted and criticized the IFTU.[5] In 2005, IFTU claimed 12 national unions and over 200,000 members, though it merged with three other union federations to form the General Federation of Iraqi Workers (also known as the Iraqi Workers' Federation) in 2006.[6][7][8][9][10]
| ألاتحاد العام لنقابات العمال فى العراق | |
| Merged into | 2005 |
|---|---|
| Founded | 2003 |
| Headquarters | Baghdad, Iraq |
| Location | |
Members | 200,000 (2005) |
Key people |
|
| Affiliations | Iraqi Communist Party |
| Website | |
History edit
The IFTU was formed in May 2003 at a conference in Baghdad by 400 union activists who had recently resumed their lives in Iraq after a period of hiding or exile.[6] This occurred after Saddam Hussein was overthrown as the president of Iraq.[11] The organization has roots in the Saddam-era and Ba'ath Party-supported General Federation of Trade Unions and an earlier group also called the Iraqi Federation of Trade Unions.[5] The historical IFTU was headed by al-Qadir al-Ayash and Aram Khashadur in the late 1950s, was associated with the Iraqi Communist Party, and was legally affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions.[12][13][14]
They supported democratic elections, secularism, and accountable leaders and opposed privatization.[6][15][16][17] By late 2005, IFTU represented supporters of former prime minister Ayad Allawi and some Arab nationalists, though was still largely aligned with the Iraqi Communist Party.[6]
American occupation of Iraq edit
The IFTU were very critical of American occupation in Iraq;[15][14] despite this, they were often criticized by other federations for being too supportive of it.[18][5][13] Their mixed messaging may have been due to the fact that transitional prime minister Ayad Allawi, who was selected for the role by American occupation officials, had a strong alliance with the IFTU and often showed them favor, including by making them the only governmentally-recognized labor federation in the country.[1][19]
In 2005, US Labor Against the War (USLAW), a non-governmental, anti-war organization, invited representatives from the IFTU, the Federation of Workers Councils and Unions in Iraq, and the General Union of Oil Employees to speak with a number of Americans opposed to foreign occupation of Iraq.[16][1] At the end of their tour, USLAW and the union groups made a collective statement in opposition of the privatization of Iraq's economy that came as a consequence of the occupation.[16] However, the IFTU was quick to clarify that they did not approve of the occupation in any way, even with the understanding that without foreign intervention, there was no guarantee for the safety of the Iraqi people.[1]
Perhaps due to its fluctuating disdain for the occupation, the IFTU felt that the United States had a vendetta against them. On December 6, 2003, US forces raided an IFTU-affiliated Transport and Communication Workers' headquarters and arrested eight of its leaders.[20][21] They detained for one day and released without charge, though the office remained closed until July 2004.[20][21][22]
Murders, kidnappings, and other attacks edit
IFTU's open support of the January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election, which would elect a new National Assembly of Iraq to write an updated constitution, made the organization a target for attacks, kidnappings, and murders, mostly from insurgents who supported Saddam Hussein.[8]
On November 3, 2004, four railroad workers were killed and mutilated; on December 25, two train engineers were kidnapped and five additional workers were beaten.[8][7]
On January 4, terrorists believed to be part of the disbanded Mukhabarat broke into the house of IFTU international secretary Hadi Saleh and brutally tortured and murdered him.[7][23]
On January 26, IFTU's Mosul president Saady Edan was kidnapped and tortured before being released six days later with the express warning to cease his work with the IFTU.[24] On January 27, Talib Khadim Al Tayee, president of the IFTU-affiliated Mechanics', Metalworkers', and Printworkers' Union, was kidnapped during a meeting with union members.[6][25][26] He was released five days later on February 1.[27] On February 11, Moaid Hamed, who worked as the general secretary for IFTU's Mosul branch, was kidnapped as he left his home.[7] He was released 14 days later.[6][25]
On February 18, Ali Hassan Abd (also known as Abu Fahad) was gunned down while walking home with his children from the al-Daura oil refinery where he worked.[6][28] He was a member of leadership in IFTU's oil union.[7][25][23] On February 24, Ahmed Adrid Abbas was also shot and killed.[6][28][16][23]
The violence against those affiliated with IFTU did not end after IFTU dissolved; in June 2006, IFTU co-founder Shukry Al Shakhly, was murdered.[23][29]
Merger edit
In September 2005, IFTU announced it was merging with the General Federation of Trade Unions and the General Federation of Iraqi Trade Unions to create a new organization called the General Federation of Iraqi Workers or the Iraqi Workers' Federation.[18][2][20][10][29][9]
References edit
- ^ a b c d Leyshon, Traven; Feeley, Dianne (2005). "Solidarity with Iraqi Labor". Against the Current. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b . The UN Refugee Agency. International Trade Union Confederation. 2010-06-09. Archived from the original on 2018-02-24. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ "Worldwide". International Union Rights. 11 (1): 26–27. 2004. JSTOR 41936194. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ "2Interim Report - Report No 338, November 2005". International Labour Organization. 2004-05-15. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b c Hyland, Julie (2004-11-25). "How Britain's trade unions support occupation of Iraq". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Bacon, David (2005-09-01). "Between soldiers and bombs: Iraq's fledgling labor movement". Multinational Monitor. 26 (9/10): 37–40. ProQuest 208877592. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b c d e "Iraq: Assassinations and kidnappings of several trade unionists". OMCT. 2005-02-28. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b c Muhsin, Abdullah (2005-04-22). "We are building a democratic Iraq". Blackpool Tribune. 69 (16): 10–11. ProQuest 1851590677. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b Bacon, David (2010-08-31). "Is U.S. Pulling Plug on Iraqi Workers?". Labor Notes. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b Lydersen, Kari (2010-07-26). "Iraqi Electricity Union Offices Raided Under Minister's Draconian Decree". In These Times. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ Bader-Blau, Shawna (2007). "Iraqi unions vs Big Oil". Middle East Report (243): 16–21. JSTOR 25164787. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ Beling, Willard A. (1961). "Political Trends in Arab Labor". Middle East Journal. 15 (1): 29–39. JSTOR 4323315. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b "Iraq's third big issue". Independent Labour Publications. 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b Ramadani, Sami (2004-10-26). "Collaboration won't buy Iraq's freedom". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b Bacon, David (2005). "Unions at war". International Union Rights. 12 (3): 19–20. JSTOR 41937383. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b c d Bacon, David (September 2005). "Iraqi labor facing occupation, insurgency: An update". Dollars & Sense (261): 14–15. Retrieved 2021-07-04. – via EBSCO's Academic Search Complete (subscription required)
- ^ Harwood, Matthew (April 2005). "Pinkertons at the CPA". Washington Monthly. 37 (4): 24–27. Retrieved 2021-07-05. – via EBSCO's Academic Search Complete (subscription required)
- ^ a b Letwin, Michael (2007-06-05). . MR Online. Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ al-Ansary, Khalid (2009-01-03). "U.S.-installed Iraqi ex-PM says Bush "utter failure"". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b c "Ictur in action: Interventions". International Centre for Trade Union Rights. 11 (1): 14–15. 2004. JSTOR 41936188. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b Bacon, David (2004). "Privatized Iraq: Imposed economic and social policies raise human rights questions". Race, Poverty & the Environment. 11 (1): 46–49. JSTOR 41554428. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ "IFTU resolves to reclaim Baghdad office". LabourNet UK. Iraq Solidarity Campaign. 2004-08-04. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b c d "Book Celebrates Determined Comrades Fighting for Free Iraqi Trade Unions". IndustriALL Global Union. 2006-08-07. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ "Another Iraqi Trade Unionist Kidnapped". Scoop. Iraqi Federation of Workers' Trade Unions. 2005-02-21. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b c (PDF). OMCT. 2005-06-13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-05. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ "Iraqi trade unionist kidnapped". Workers' Liberty. 2005-01-29. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ "Kidnapped Iraqi Trade Union Leader Free". IndustriALL Global Union. 2005-07-19. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b "Iraq: Murder of union member in Baghdad". Scoop. Iraqi Federation of Workers' Trade Unions. 2005-03-02. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ^ a b "Workers Blood For Oil". Workers Online. 2006. Retrieved 2021-07-04.