The Iquicha War of 1839 was a brief armed conflict during and after the War of the Confederation between the United Restoration Army and indigenous peasants from Huanta who tried to defend the defeated Peru–Bolivian Confederation.
On July 24, 1833, the Callao Battalion[1] and several squadrons of the Hussars of Junín regiment[2] rebelled in Ayacucho under the command of Captains Alejandro Deustua and Tomás Flores, assassinating the prefect, Colonel Juan Antonio González, and the head of the military department, Colonel Mariano Guillén, and rebelled on the side of the Iquichans.[2] On August 15 they confronted Generals Pedro Pablo Bermúdez and Miguel de San Román and the Piquisa Battalion[3] in Pultunchara. Then, on October 26, General Felipe Salaverry revolted in Cajamarca[4] but was defeated at the Garita de Moche by Juan Francisco de Vidal on November 19.[5]
For this reason, in the Peruvian Civil War of 1834, the Iquichans supported the liberal president Luis José de Orbegoso against the coup of the conservative generals Pedro Pablo Bermúdez[6] and Agustín Gamarra, a key figure in politics of the time, and an enemy of the republiqueta.[7] During his presidency, Gamarra had favored the merchants of Lima and neglected the rest of the country, especially the rural areas and their population.[8]
After defeating the revolt in the capital, Orbegoso had to face Gamarra in the southern highlands of the country seeking an alliance with the inhabitants of Huanta. The liberals mobilized an army of 4,000 Indians under the command of landowner Juan José Urbina,[9] who knew how to unify under his command Republicans and monarchists.[10] He had to face the conservatives, who mobilized four to five thousand combatants in the area.[11] In April he seized Huanta and Huamanga, and a month later the civil war ended with the victory of the Liberals.[12]
ConflictEdit
In 1836, the Iquichianos adhered to the idea of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation seen as "the continuation of the Empire by other means",[13] for which Huachaca participated in the wars of the Confederation between 1836 and 1839. In 1838 Huachaca became Justice of the Peace and Governor of the Carhuaucra district and Supreme Chief of the Republic of Iquicha.
The Iquichans first supported the Confederation in their support of Andrés de Santa Cruz during the Salaverry-Santa Cruz War, since "he came to respond to the demands of the southern Andean groups who, since at least 1814, have defended a more decentralized country, in which they take into account the interests of the regional elites against the centralist coastal hegemonic groups."[14] In March 1839 he took up arms against the Restoration Army and put Huanta under siege to no avail.
Finally tired of the conflict, after several confrontations, the Yanallay Treaty was signed on November 15, between the prefect of Ayacucho, Colonel Manuel Lopera, and the guerrilla Tadeo Choque (or Chocce). The Iquichans decide to recognize and submit to the Peruvian State. Huachaca refuses to participate in that agreement and retires to the Apurímac jungles, where he would later die in 1848.[16] By 1838, the authorities used the expression republiqueta to refer to the territories under the control of Huachaca.[17]
After the defeat of Iquicha, Huachaca changed his name to José Antonio Navala Huachaca, with José having been chosen in reference to the name of Antonio José de Sucre and his surname Navala referring to the Peruvian Navy.[18]
^Gullo, Marcelo (2013). La historia oculta: La lucha del pueblo argentino por su independencia del imperio inglés (in Spanish). Editorial Biblos. ISBN978-9876912969.
Husson, Patrick (1992). De la guerra a la rebelión: (Huanta, siglo XIX). Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos "Bartolomé de Las Casas" & Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos.
Méndez Gastelumendi, Cecilia (1997). Pactos sin tributo. Caudillos y campesinos en el Perú postindependiente: el caso de Ayacucho. ISBN978-968-23-2097-2. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Méndez Gastelumendi, Cecilia (2002). "El poder del nombre, o la construcción de identidades étnicas y nacionales en el Perú: Mito e historia de los iquichanos". Documento de Trabajo. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP). ISSN 1022-0356.
Méndez Gastelumendi, Cecilia (2005b). Tradiciones liberales en los Andes o la ciudadanía por las armas: campesinos y militares en la formación del Estado peruano. ISBN978-8-40008-338-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Sala i Vila, Nuria (2001). Selva y Andes: Ayacucho, 1780-1929, historia de una región en la encrucijada. Editorial Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). ISBN9788400079222.
August 31, 2023
iquicha, 1839, conflict, from, 1825, 1828, iquicha, 1825, 1828, brief, armed, conflict, during, after, confederation, between, united, restoration, army, indigenous, peasants, from, huanta, tried, defend, defeated, peru, bolivian, confederation, part, confeder. For the conflict from 1825 to 1828 see Iquicha War of 1825 1828 The Iquicha War of 1839 was a brief armed conflict during and after the War of the Confederation between the United Restoration Army and indigenous peasants from Huanta who tried to defend the defeated Peru Bolivian Confederation Iquicha War of 1839Part of the War of the ConfederationDateMarch November 1839LocationHuanta IquichaResultPeruvian Chilean victory Treaty of Yanallay signed Huachaca exiles himself to ApurimacBelligerentsUnited Restoration ArmyIquichaCommanders and leadersManuel LoperaAntonio Huachaca Tadeo Choque Contents 1 Background 2 Conflict 2 1 Treaty of Yanallay 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographyBackground EditOn July 24 1833 the Callao Battalion 1 and several squadrons of the Hussars of Junin regiment 2 rebelled in Ayacucho under the command of Captains Alejandro Deustua and Tomas Flores assassinating the prefect Colonel Juan Antonio Gonzalez and the head of the military department Colonel Mariano Guillen and rebelled on the side of the Iquichans 2 On August 15 they confronted Generals Pedro Pablo Bermudez and Miguel de San Roman and the Piquisa Battalion 3 in Pultunchara Then on October 26 General Felipe Salaverry revolted in Cajamarca 4 but was defeated at the Garita de Moche by Juan Francisco de Vidal on November 19 5 For this reason in the Peruvian Civil War of 1834 the Iquichans supported the liberal president Luis Jose de Orbegoso against the coup of the conservative generals Pedro Pablo Bermudez 6 and Agustin Gamarra a key figure in politics of the time and an enemy of the republiqueta 7 During his presidency Gamarra had favored the merchants of Lima and neglected the rest of the country especially the rural areas and their population 8 After defeating the revolt in the capital Orbegoso had to face Gamarra in the southern highlands of the country seeking an alliance with the inhabitants of Huanta The liberals mobilized an army of 4 000 Indians under the command of landowner Juan Jose Urbina 9 who knew how to unify under his command Republicans and monarchists 10 He had to face the conservatives who mobilized four to five thousand combatants in the area 11 In April he seized Huanta and Huamanga and a month later the civil war ended with the victory of the Liberals 12 Conflict EditIn 1836 the Iquichianos adhered to the idea of the Peru Bolivian Confederation seen as the continuation of the Empire by other means 13 for which Huachaca participated in the wars of the Confederation between 1836 and 1839 In 1838 Huachaca became Justice of the Peace and Governor of the Carhuaucra district and Supreme Chief of the Republic of Iquicha The Iquichans first supported the Confederation in their support of Andres de Santa Cruz during the Salaverry Santa Cruz War since he came to respond to the demands of the southern Andean groups who since at least 1814 have defended a more decentralized country in which they take into account the interests of the regional elites against the centralist coastal hegemonic groups 14 In March 1839 he took up arms against the Restoration Army and put Huanta under siege to no avail Treaty of Yanallay Edit Treaty of YanallayTypePeace treatySigned15 November 1839 1839 11 15 15 LocationYanallay PeruSignatories Manuel Lopera Tadeo ChoqueLanguagesSpanishFinally tired of the conflict after several confrontations the Yanallay Treaty was signed on November 15 between the prefect of Ayacucho Colonel Manuel Lopera and the guerrilla Tadeo Choque or Chocce The Iquichans decide to recognize and submit to the Peruvian State Huachaca refuses to participate in that agreement and retires to the Apurimac jungles where he would later die in 1848 16 By 1838 the authorities used the expression republiqueta to refer to the territories under the control of Huachaca 17 After the defeat of Iquicha Huachaca changed his name to Jose Antonio Navala Huachaca with Jose having been chosen in reference to the name of Antonio Jose de Sucre and his surname Navala referring to the Peruvian Navy 18 See also EditAntonio Huachaca Battle of YungayReferences Edit Galdo 1992 179 a b Comision Investigadora de los Sucesos de Uchuraccay 1983 Informe in Spanish Lima Editora Peru p 43 Gavilan 1941 206 Echenique 1952 349 de Mendiburu Manuel Biografias p 131 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Mendez Gastelumendi 2002 21 2005 128s Husson 1992 86 Mendez Gastelumendi 2002 21 2005 128 Mendez Gastelumendi 2005 133 Mendez Gastelumendi 2005 137 Mendez Gastelumendi 2002 14 nota 19 2005 138 Mendez Gastelumendi Cecilia 1997 Carta del prefecto de Ayacucho general Domingo Tristan a Antonio Huachaca Luna Huana 4 de marzo de 1834 Mendez Gastelumendi 2005 138s Altuve Febres 1999 3 Sala i Vila 2001 37 Gullo Marcelo 2013 La historia oculta La lucha del pueblo argentino por su independencia del imperio ingles in Spanish Editorial Biblos ISBN 978 9876912969 Altuve Febres Lores 1996 4 Husson 1992 88 Mendez Gastelumendi 2002 30 Bonilla 1996 148Bibliography EditAltuve Febres Lores Fernan 1996 Los Reinos del Peru apuntes sobre la monarquia peruana Echenique Jose Rufino 1952 Memorias para la historia del Peru 1808 1878 Tomo I Editorial Huascaran Galdo Gutierrez Virgilio 1992 Ayacucho conflictos y pobreza historia regional siglos XVI XIX Universidad Nacional San Cristobal de Huamanga Gavilan Narciso 1941 Ensayos historicos Imprenta diocesana Husson Patrick 1992 De la guerra a la rebelion Huanta siglo XIX Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolome de Las Casas amp Instituto Frances de Estudios Andinos Mendez Gastelumendi Cecilia 1997 Pactos sin tributo Caudillos y campesinos en el Peru postindependiente el caso de Ayacucho ISBN 978 968 23 2097 2 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Mendez Gastelumendi Cecilia 2002 El poder del nombre o la construccion de identidades etnicas y nacionales en el Peru Mito e historia de los iquichanos Documento de Trabajo Instituto de Estudios Peruanos IEP ISSN 1022 0356 Mendez Gastelumendi Cecilia 2005b Tradiciones liberales en los Andes o la ciudadania por las armas campesinos y militares en la formacion del Estado peruano ISBN 978 8 40008 338 0 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Sala i Vila Nuria 2001 Selva y Andes Ayacucho 1780 1929 historia de una region en la encrucijada Editorial Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC ISBN 9788400079222 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Iquicha War of 1839 amp oldid 1172392563, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
