The Constitution of the International Refugee Organization, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 15 December 1946, is the founding document of the IRO. The constitution specified the organization's field of operations. Controversially, the constitution defined "persons of German ethnic origin" who had been expelled, or were to be expelled from their countries of birth into the postwar Germany, as individuals who would "not be the concern of the Organization." This excluded from its purview a group that exceeded in number all the other European displaced persons put together. Also, because of disagreements between the Western allies and the Soviet Union, the IRO only worked in areas controlled by Western armies of occupation.[1]
Twenty-six states became members of the IRO and it formally came into existence in 1948: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Republic of China, Chile, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, France, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland, Italy, Liberia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela. The U.S. provided about 40% of the IRO's $155 million annual budget. The total contribution by the members for the five years of operation was around $400 million. It had rehabilitated around 10 million people during this time, out of 15 million people who were stranded in Europe. The IRO's first Director-General was William Hallam Tuck, succeeded by J. Donald Kingsley on 31 July 1949.[2][3]
IRO closed its operations on 31 January 1952 and after a liquidation period, went out of existence on 30 September 1953. By that time many of its responsibilities had been assumed by other agencies. Of particular importance was the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, established in January 1951 as a part of the United Nations, and the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (originally PICMME), set up in December 1951. [4]
^Louise W. Holborn, The International Refugee Organization: a specialized agency of the United Nations, its history and work, 1946–1952 (Oxford UP, 1956. 1956) online
^Encyclopaedia Britannica: International Refugee Organization.
^Constitution of the International Refugee Organization
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
Further reading
Holborn, Louise W. The International Refugee Organization: a specialized agency of the United Nations, its history and work, 1946–1952 (Oxford UP, 1956. 1956) online
Holborn, Louise W. Philip Chartrand, and Rita Chartrand. Refugees, a problem of our time: the work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1951-1972 (Scarecrow Press, 1975).
External links
Records of the International Refugee Organization (IRO) at the United Nations Archives
Constitution of the International Refugee Organisation
IRO. Area Vocational Training School. Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany 1948
August 18, 2023
international, refugee, organization, intergovernmental, organization, founded, april, 1946, deal, with, massive, refugee, problem, created, world, preparatory, commission, began, operations, fourteen, months, previously, 1948, treaty, establishing, formally, . The International Refugee Organization IRO was an intergovernmental organization founded on 20 April 1946 to deal with the massive refugee problem created by World War II A Preparatory Commission began operations fourteen months previously In 1948 the treaty establishing the IRO formally entered into force and the IRO became a United Nations specialized agency The IRO assumed most of the functions of the earlier United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration In 1952 operations of the IRO ceased and it was replaced by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR Organisation internationale pour les refugiesAbbreviationIROFormation20 April 1946 77 years ago 1946 04 20 TypeUN specialized agencyLegal statusInactiveParent organizationUnited NationsThe Constitution of the International Refugee Organization adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 15 December 1946 is the founding document of the IRO The constitution specified the organization s field of operations Controversially the constitution defined persons of German ethnic origin who had been expelled or were to be expelled from their countries of birth into the postwar Germany as individuals who would not be the concern of the Organization This excluded from its purview a group that exceeded in number all the other European displaced persons put together Also because of disagreements between the Western allies and the Soviet Union the IRO only worked in areas controlled by Western armies of occupation 1 Twenty six states became members of the IRO and it formally came into existence in 1948 Argentina Australia Belgium Bolivia Brazil Canada Republic of China Chile Denmark the Dominican Republic France Guatemala Honduras Iceland Italy Liberia Luxembourg the Netherlands New Zealand Norway Panama Peru the Philippines Switzerland the United Kingdom the United States and Venezuela The U S provided about 40 of the IRO s 155 million annual budget The total contribution by the members for the five years of operation was around 400 million It had rehabilitated around 10 million people during this time out of 15 million people who were stranded in Europe The IRO s first Director General was William Hallam Tuck succeeded by J Donald Kingsley on 31 July 1949 2 3 IRO closed its operations on 31 January 1952 and after a liquidation period went out of existence on 30 September 1953 By that time many of its responsibilities had been assumed by other agencies Of particular importance was the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees established in January 1951 as a part of the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration originally PICMME set up in December 1951 4 Contents 1 Filmography 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksFilmography EditThe Search by Fred Zinnemann 1948 The IRO helped the producers to make this story about children refugees in 1945 Germany See also EditFirst session of the United Nations General AssemblyReferences Edit Louise W Holborn The International Refugee Organization a specialized agency of the United Nations its history and work 1946 1952 Oxford UP 1956 1956 online Encyclopaedia Britannica International Refugee Organization Constitution of the International Refugee Organization Summary of AG 018 007 International Refugee Organization IRO PDF Archived from the original PDF on 30 March 2016 Retrieved 22 December 2017 Further reading EditHolborn Louise W The International Refugee Organization a specialized agency of the United Nations its history and work 1946 1952 Oxford UP 1956 1956 online Holborn Louise W Philip Chartrand and Rita Chartrand Refugees a problem of our time the work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1951 1972 Scarecrow Press 1975 External links EditRecords of the International Refugee Organization IRO at the United Nations Archives Constitution of the International Refugee Organisation Original complete constitution of the IRO assigned by the Government of the United Kingdom https treaties un org doc Publication UNTS Volume 2018 v18 pdf IRO Area Vocational Training School Ingolstadt Bavaria Germany 1948 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title International Refugee Organization amp oldid 1093515142, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
