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FIDE titles

January 01, 1970

FIDE titles are awarded by the international chess governing body FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs) for outstanding performance. The highest such title is Grandmaster (GM). Titles generally require a combination of Elo rating and norms (performance benchmarks in competitions including other titled players). Once awarded, titles are held for life except in cases of fraud or cheating. Open titles may be earned by all players, while women's titles are restricted to female players. Many strong female players hold both open and women's titles. FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, organizers and trainers. Titles for correspondence chess, chess problem composition and chess problem solving are no longer administered by FIDE.

Magnus Carlsen is a Grandmaster.

A chess title, usually in an abbreviated form, may be used as an honorific. For example, Viswanathan Anand may be styled as "GM Viswanathan Anand".

History edit

The term "master" for a strong chess player was initially used informally. From the late 19th century and onwards, various national chess federations began to draw up formal requirements for the use of such a title. The term "Grandmaster", in the form of the German loan word Großmeister, was a formal title in the Soviet Union, and had also been in informal use for the world's elite players for several decades before its institution by FIDE in 1950.[1] FIDE's first titles were awarded in 1950 and consisted of 27 Grandmasters (GMs), 94 International Masters (IMs), and 17 Woman International Masters (WIMs), known at the time simply as Woman Masters (WM)s.[2]

FIDE's first GMs were:

The titles were awarded by a vote of the FIDE Congress before the requirements became more formalized. In 1957, FIDE introduced norms (qualifying standards) for FIDE titles.[3] FIDE introduced a higher women only title, that of Woman Grandmaster (WGM) in 1976. In 1978 the subordinate titles of FIDE Master (FM) and Woman FIDE master (WFM) were introduced, followed in 2002 by the titles of Candidate Master (CM) and Woman Candidate Master (WCM). Similar titles are awarded by the International Correspondence Chess Federation, and by the World Federation for Chess Composition for both composing and solving chess problems.[4] These bodies work in cooperation with FIDE but are now independent of it.

Open titles edit

Open titles, October 2023[5]
Title Men Women Total
Grandmaster (GM) 1,772 41 1,813
International Master (IM) 3,893 134 4,027
FIDE Master (FM) 8,775 54 8,829
Candidate Master (CM) 2,356 22 2,378
Total 16,796 251 17,047

The titles of Grandmaster, International Master, FIDE Master and Candidate Master are available to all over-the-board chess players. The requirements for each title have varied over time, but generally require having demonstrated a prescribed level of achievement in tournaments at classical time controls under FIDE-approved conditions.

Grandmaster (GM) edit

Main article: Grandmaster (chess)

The title Grandmaster is awarded to outstanding chess players by FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. In chess literature it is usually abbreviated to GM. The abbreviation IGM for "International Grandmaster" is occasionally seen, usually in older literature.

The usual way to obtain the title is to achieve three Grandmaster-level performances (called norms), along with a FIDE rating of 2500 or more. The precise definition of a GM norm is complex and has frequently been amended, but in general a grandmaster norm is defined as a performance rating of at least 2600 over 9 or more rounds. In addition, the field must have an average rating of at least 2380, must include at least three grandmasters, and must include players from a mix of national federations.[6]

The title may also be awarded directly without going through the usual norm requirements in a few high-level tournaments, provided the player has a FIDE rating of over 2300. These include:

Beginning with Nona Gaprindashvili in 1978, a number of women have earned the GM title. Since about 2000, most of the top 10 women have held the GM title. This should not be confused with the Woman Grandmaster (WGM) title.

At 12 years, 4 months and 25 days, Abhimanyu Mishra became the youngest person ever to qualify for the Grandmaster title in July 2021. The record was previously held by Sergey Karjakin at 12 years, 7 months for 19 years, Judit Polgár at 15 years and 4 months, and Bobby Fischer at 15 years, 6 months and 1 day for 33 years. [8]

International Master (IM) edit

"International Master" redirects here. For the snooker tournament formerly known under this name, see British Open (snooker).

The title International Master is awarded to strong chess players who are below the level of grandmaster. Instituted along with the Grandmaster title in 1950, it is usually abbreviated as IM in chess literature.

Like the grandmaster title, the usual way to obtain the title is to achieve three required title norms over 27 or more games and a FIDE rating of 2400 or more. In general, an IM norm is defined as a performance rating of at least 2450 over 9 or more games. In addition, the field must have an average rating of at least 2230, must include at least three International Masters or Grandmasters, and must include players from a mix of national federations.[6]

There are also several ways the IM title can be awarded directly without going through the usual norm process, provided the player has a rating of at least 2200. From July 2017, these are as follows:

After becoming an IM, most professional players set their next goal to becoming a Grandmaster. It is also possible to become a Grandmaster without ever having been an International Master. Larry Christiansen of the United States (1977), Wang Hao of China, Anish Giri of the Netherlands, Olga Girya of Russia (2021) and former world champions Mikhail Tal of the Soviet Union and Vladimir Kramnik of Russia all became Grandmasters without ever having been IMs. Bobby Fischer of the United States attained both titles solely by virtue of qualifying for the 1958 Interzonal (IM title) and 1959 Candidates Tournament (GM title), only incidentally becoming IM before GM. The more usual path is first to become an IM, then move on to the GM level.

At 10 years, 9 months, and 20 days, Abhimanyu Mishra of USA became the youngest-ever person to qualify for the IM title in 2019.[9]

FIDE Master (FM) edit

Introduced in 1978 along with WFM,[10] FM ranks below the title of International Master but ahead of Candidate Master. Unlike the Grandmaster and International Master titles, there is no requirement for a player to achieve norms.

The usual way for a player to qualify for the FIDE Master title is by achieving an Elo rating of 2300 or more.[6] There are also many ways the title can be gained by players with a rating of at least 2100 but less than 2300; they include:

  • Winning the World Youth Championship (U14 and U12)
  • Finishing second or third in the World Youth Championship (U18 and U16)
  • Finishing second or third in a Continental over 50, over 65, under 20, or under 18 championship
  • Scoring 65% or more over at least 9 games at an olympiad
  • Winning a Continental under 12, under 14, or under 16 championship
  • Finishing second or third in a Commonwealth, Francophone, or Ibero-American championship

The youngest FM ever in chess history is Alekhine Nouri of the Philippines who was awarded the title after winning the 14th ASEAN Age Group Chess Championships 2013 in Thailand at age seven.[11]

Candidate Master (CM) edit

Introduced in 2002 along with WCM,[12] the usual way for a player to qualify for the Candidate Master title is by achieving an Elo rating of 2200 or more. For players rated over 2000 but under 2200, there are many other ways to gain the title; they include:

In case a player achieves the CM title through the Olympiad performance, the minimum required rating of 2000 does not apply, after the title regulations update effective from January 1st, 2024.[13]

Prior to 2018, there was no minimum rating requirement, and coming in the top three of an U8 continental tournament was acceptable. As a result, there are a number of CMs with far lower ratings than 2000.[14]

Women's titles edit

Women's titles, October 2023[15]
Title Total
Woman Grandmaster (WGM) 326
Woman International Master (WIM) 856
Woman FIDE Master (WFM) 1,892
Woman Candidate Master (WCM) 884
Total 3,958

Though the open FIDE titles are not gender-segregated, the following four titles given by FIDE are exclusive to women and may be held simultaneously with an open title. The requirements for these titles are about 200 Elo rating points lower than the requirements for the similarly named open titles. These titles are sometimes criticized by both male and female players, and some female players elect not to take them. For example, Grandmaster Judit Polgár, in keeping with her policy of playing only open competitions, never took a women's title.[16]

Woman Grandmaster (WGM) edit

Woman Grandmaster is the highest-ranking chess title restricted to women. FIDE introduced the WGM title in 1976, joining the previously introduced lower-ranking title, Woman International Master.[17]

The usual way to obtain the WGM title is similar to the open titles, where a FIDE rating of 2300 and three norms of 2400 performance rating is required against opponents who are higher rated than 2130 on average.[18] The winner of the World Girls Junior Championship and some other tournaments like Women's Continental Championship is automatically awarded the WGM title. From 2017, the direct titles are only awarded as long as she can reach the minimum FIDE rating of 2100. The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook.[6]

Woman International Master (WIM) edit

Woman International Master is next to the highest-ranking title given by FIDE exclusively to women. FIDE first awarded the WIM title (formerly called International Woman Master, or IWM) in 1950.[19]

The usual way to obtain the WIM title is similar to the open titles, where a FIDE rating of 2200 and three norms of 2250 performance rating is required against opponents who are higher rated than 2030 on average. The runners-up in the World Girls Junior Championship, the U18 and U16 World Youth Champions as well Continental Championship medalists and U18 Continental and Regional Champions of the women's section are directly awarded the title. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as she can cross the minimum rating of 2000. The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook.[6]

Woman FIDE Master (WFM) edit

Introduced with FM in 1978,[19] the WFM title may be achieved by gaining a FIDE rating of 2100 or more. The U14 and U12 World Youth Champions as well as U16 and U18 medalists of the women's section are directly awarded the title. The U12, U14, U16 Continental and Regional Champions of the women's section are also directly awarded the title. The title can also be acquired by scoring more than 65% points in more than 9 games in the Olympiad. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as a minimum rating of 1900 is achieved.[6]

Woman Candidate Master (WCM) edit

Introduced with CM in 2002,[19] Woman Candidate Master is the lowest-ranking title awarded by FIDE.[18] This title may be achieved by gaining a FIDE rating of 2000 or more. The title can also be acquired by getting a medal in U8, U10, U12, U14, U16 World Youth Championships or Continental and Regional Youth Championships of the women's section as well as by scoring more than 50% points in more than 7 games in the Olympiad. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as a candidate can cross the minimum rating of 1800,[6] however this requirement does not apply for direct WCM titles earned through the Olympiad.[13]

Arena titles edit

Arena titles, January 2020[20]
Title Men Women Total
Arena Grandmaster (AGM) 392 3 395
Arena International Master (AIM) 780 6 786
Arena FIDE Master (AFM) 792 10 802
Arena Candidate Master (ACM) 377 5 382
Total 2,341 24 2,365

Arena titles can be earned online using FIDE's server, and are intended for players in the lower rating band. Should a player with an arena title gain an over the board FIDE title, this title replaces their arena title.[21]

Arena Grandmaster (AGM) is the highest online title. It is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 2000.[22]

Arena International Master (AIM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1700.[22]

Arena FIDE Master (AFM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1400.[22]

Arena Candidate Master (ACM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1100.[22]

Arena titles can be achieved on FIDE Online Arena, the official FIDE online gaming platform.

Arbiters, trainers, and organizers edit

FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, trainers, and organizers.

The arbiter titles are International Arbiter (IA) and FIDE Arbiter (FA).[23]

The trainer titles (in descending order of expertise) are FIDE Senior Trainer (FST), FIDE Trainer (FT), FIDE Instructor (FI), National Instructor (NI), and Developmental Instructor (DI).[24]

The organizer title is FIDE International Organizer (FIO).[25]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess (2 ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 156, ISBN 978-0-19-280049-7
  2. ^ Elo, Arpad (1978), The Rating of Chess Players, Past & Present, Arco, pp. 65–66, ISBN 0-668-04721-6
  3. ^ Wall, W. . Archived from the original on 2009-10-28.
  4. ^ "Titles - WFCC". Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  5. ^ "FIDE Rating list". FIDE. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 July 2017". Fide.com. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
  7. ^ a b "B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / Table for Direct Titles effective from 1 July 2017 / FIDE Handbook". International Chess Federation (FIDE). Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  8. ^ "BREAKING: Abhimanyu Mishra Becomes Youngest Grandmaster In Chess History". Chess.com. 4 July 2021.
  9. ^ "Abhimanyu Mishra becomes the youngest IM in the world". ChessBase. 14 November 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  10. ^ Raymond Keene, Ovicide, The Spectator, 27 January 1979
  11. ^ Larano, Cris (July 3, 2013). "7-Year-old Filipino Chess Player Has Big Dreams". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
  12. ^ Felice, Gino (2017). Chess International Title Holders. Jefferson, North Carolina: Mcfarland and Company Holders. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4766-7132-1.
  13. ^ a b "B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 January 2024 / FIDE Handbook". International Chess Federation (FIDE). Retrieved 19 February 2024. For a direct title to be awarded immediately an applicant has to have achieved at some time a minimum rating published or interim (see 1.5.3a), as follows: ..... This requirement does not apply to direct CM/WCM titles earned at the Open and Women's Chess Olympiads
  14. ^ "Why are there so few candidate masters?". Chess Stack Exchange. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
  15. ^ "FIDE Download Rating list". FIDE. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  16. ^ "Polgar, Judit FIDE Chess Profile - Players Arbiters Trainers". FIDE.
  17. ^ Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992). The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 450. ISBN 0-19-280049-3.
  18. ^ a b (PDF). arbiters.fide.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
  19. ^ a b c Gino Di Felice (16 January 2018). Chess International Titleholders, 1950-2016. McFarland. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-1-4766-3361-9.
  20. ^ . arena.myfide.net. Archived from the original on 2019-02-28. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  21. ^ "B. Permanent Commissions / 11. FIDE Online Arena Regulations / FIDE Titles for the Lower Rating Band / FIDE Handbook". International Chess Federation (FIDE). Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  22. ^ a b c d "FIDE Online Arena - Titles". arena.myfide.net. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  23. ^ . FIDE.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  24. ^ . FIDE.com. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  25. ^ . FIDE.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2021.

External links edit

  • World Chess Federation FIDE official site
  • FIDE Handbook
  • FIDE Online Arena

January 01, 1970
fide, titles, awarded, international, chess, governing, body, fide, fédération, internationale, Échecs, outstanding, performance, highest, such, title, grandmaster, titles, generally, require, combination, rating, norms, performance, benchmarks, competitions, . FIDE titles are awarded by the international chess governing body FIDE Federation Internationale des Echecs for outstanding performance The highest such title is Grandmaster GM Titles generally require a combination of Elo rating and norms performance benchmarks in competitions including other titled players Once awarded titles are held for life except in cases of fraud or cheating Open titles may be earned by all players while women s titles are restricted to female players Many strong female players hold both open and women s titles FIDE also awards titles for arbiters organizers and trainers Titles for correspondence chess chess problem composition and chess problem solving are no longer administered by FIDE Magnus Carlsen is a Grandmaster A chess title usually in an abbreviated form may be used as an honorific For example Viswanathan Anand may be styled as GM Viswanathan Anand Contents 1 History 2 Open titles 2 1 Grandmaster GM 2 2 International Master IM 2 3 FIDE Master FM 2 4 Candidate Master CM 3 Women s titles 3 1 Woman Grandmaster WGM 3 2 Woman International Master WIM 3 3 Woman FIDE Master WFM 3 4 Woman Candidate Master WCM 4 Arena titles 5 Arbiters trainers and organizers 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory editThe term master for a strong chess player was initially used informally From the late 19th century and onwards various national chess federations began to draw up formal requirements for the use of such a title The term Grandmaster in the form of the German loan word Grossmeister was a formal title in the Soviet Union and had also been in informal use for the world s elite players for several decades before its institution by FIDE in 1950 1 FIDE s first titles were awarded in 1950 and consisted of 27 Grandmasters GMs 94 International Masters IMs and 17 Woman International Masters WIMs known at the time simply as Woman Masters WM s 2 FIDE s first GMs were Ossip Bernstein France Isaac Boleslavsky USSR Igor Bondarevsky USSR Mikhail Botvinnik USSR David Bronstein USSR Oldrich Duras Czechoslovakia Max Euwe Netherlands Reuben Fine USA Salo Flohr USSR Ernst Grunfeld Austria Paul Keres USSR Boris Kostic Yugoslavia Alexander Kotov USSR Grigory Levenfish USSR Andor Lilienthal USSR Geza Maroczy Hungary Jacques Mieses England Miguel Najdorf Argentina Viacheslav Ragozin USSR Samuel Reshevsky USA Akiba Rubinstein Poland Friedrich Samisch West Germany Vasily Smyslov USSR Gideon Stahlberg Sweden Laszlo Szabo Hungary Savielly Tartakower France Milan Vidmar Yugoslavia The titles were awarded by a vote of the FIDE Congress before the requirements became more formalized In 1957 FIDE introduced norms qualifying standards for FIDE titles 3 FIDE introduced a higher women only title that of Woman Grandmaster WGM in 1976 In 1978 the subordinate titles of FIDE Master FM and Woman FIDE master WFM were introduced followed in 2002 by the titles of Candidate Master CM and Woman Candidate Master WCM Similar titles are awarded by the International Correspondence Chess Federation and by the World Federation for Chess Composition for both composing and solving chess problems 4 These bodies work in cooperation with FIDE but are now independent of it Open titles editOpen titles October 2023 5 Title Men Women Total Grandmaster GM 1 772 41 1 813 International Master IM 3 893 134 4 027 FIDE Master FM 8 775 54 8 829 Candidate Master CM 2 356 22 2 378 Total 16 796 251 17 047 The titles of Grandmaster International Master FIDE Master and Candidate Master are available to all over the board chess players The requirements for each title have varied over time but generally require having demonstrated a prescribed level of achievement in tournaments at classical time controls under FIDE approved conditions Grandmaster GM edit Main article Grandmaster chess The title Grandmaster is awarded to outstanding chess players by FIDE Apart from World Champion Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain In chess literature it is usually abbreviated to GM The abbreviation IGM for International Grandmaster is occasionally seen usually in older literature The usual way to obtain the title is to achieve three Grandmaster level performances called norms along with a FIDE rating of 2500 or more The precise definition of a GM norm is complex and has frequently been amended but in general a grandmaster norm is defined as a performance rating of at least 2600 over 9 or more rounds In addition the field must have an average rating of at least 2380 must include at least three grandmasters and must include players from a mix of national federations 6 The title may also be awarded directly without going through the usual norm requirements in a few high level tournaments provided the player has a FIDE rating of over 2300 These include Reaching the final 16 in the FIDE World Cup Winning the Women s Chess World Cup Winning the Women s World Championship Winning the World Junior Championship U20 outright Winning the World Senior Championship outright both in the 50 and 65 divisions Winning a Continental e g Pan American European Asian or African championship 7 Beginning with Nona Gaprindashvili in 1978 a number of women have earned the GM title Since about 2000 most of the top 10 women have held the GM title This should not be confused with the Woman Grandmaster WGM title At 12 years 4 months and 25 days Abhimanyu Mishra became the youngest person ever to qualify for the Grandmaster title in July 2021 The record was previously held by Sergey Karjakin at 12 years 7 months for 19 years Judit Polgar at 15 years and 4 months and Bobby Fischer at 15 years 6 months and 1 day for 33 years 8 International Master IM edit International Master redirects here For the snooker tournament formerly known under this name see British Open snooker The title International Master is awarded to strong chess players who are below the level of grandmaster Instituted along with the Grandmaster title in 1950 it is usually abbreviated as IM in chess literature Like the grandmaster title the usual way to obtain the title is to achieve three required title norms over 27 or more games and a FIDE rating of 2400 or more In general an IM norm is defined as a performance rating of at least 2450 over 9 or more games In addition the field must have an average rating of at least 2230 must include at least three International Masters or Grandmasters and must include players from a mix of national federations 6 There are also several ways the IM title can be awarded directly without going through the usual norm process provided the player has a rating of at least 2200 From July 2017 these are as follows Qualifying for the FIDE World Cup Finishing second in the Women s World Championship Finishing second or third in the World Junior Championship U20 Finishing second or third in the World Senior Championship in both the over 50 and over 65 divisions Winning outright or shared the World Youth Championship U18 Winning the World Youth Championship U16 outright Finishing second or third in a Continental championship Winning outright or shared a Continental over 50 championship over 65 championship or under 20 championship Winning a Continental under 18 championship outright Winning a sub Continental championship Winning a Commonwealth Francophone or Ibero American championship Winning a World Championship for People with Disabilities 7 After becoming an IM most professional players set their next goal to becoming a Grandmaster It is also possible to become a Grandmaster without ever having been an International Master Larry Christiansen of the United States 1977 Wang Hao of China Anish Giri of the Netherlands Olga Girya of Russia 2021 and former world champions Mikhail Tal of the Soviet Union and Vladimir Kramnik of Russia all became Grandmasters without ever having been IMs Bobby Fischer of the United States attained both titles solely by virtue of qualifying for the 1958 Interzonal IM title and 1959 Candidates Tournament GM title only incidentally becoming IM before GM The more usual path is first to become an IM then move on to the GM level At 10 years 9 months and 20 days Abhimanyu Mishra of USA became the youngest ever person to qualify for the IM title in 2019 9 FIDE Master FM edit Introduced in 1978 along with WFM 10 FM ranks below the title of International Master but ahead of Candidate Master Unlike the Grandmaster and International Master titles there is no requirement for a player to achieve norms The usual way for a player to qualify for the FIDE Master title is by achieving an Elo rating of 2300 or more 6 There are also many ways the title can be gained by players with a rating of at least 2100 but less than 2300 they include Winning the World Youth Championship U14 and U12 Finishing second or third in the World Youth Championship U18 and U16 Finishing second or third in a Continental over 50 over 65 under 20 or under 18 championship Scoring 65 or more over at least 9 games at an olympiad Winning a Continental under 12 under 14 or under 16 championship Finishing second or third in a Commonwealth Francophone or Ibero American championship The youngest FM ever in chess history is Alekhine Nouri of the Philippines who was awarded the title after winning the 14th ASEAN Age Group Chess Championships 2013 in Thailand at age seven 11 Candidate Master CM edit Introduced in 2002 along with WCM 12 the usual way for a player to qualify for the Candidate Master title is by achieving an Elo rating of 2200 or more For players rated over 2000 but under 2200 there are many other ways to gain the title they include Finishing first second or third in the World Youth Championship U8 and U10 Finishing second or third in a Continental under 12 under 14 or under 16 championship Finishing second or third in the World Youth Championship U14 and U12 Scoring 50 or more over at least 7 games at an olympiad or other special events In case a player achieves the CM title through the Olympiad performance the minimum required rating of 2000 does not apply after the title regulations update effective from January 1st 2024 13 Prior to 2018 there was no minimum rating requirement and coming in the top three of an U8 continental tournament was acceptable As a result there are a number of CMs with far lower ratings than 2000 14 Women s titles editWomen s titles October 2023 15 Title Total Woman Grandmaster WGM 326 Woman International Master WIM 856 Woman FIDE Master WFM 1 892 Woman Candidate Master WCM 884 Total 3 958 Though the open FIDE titles are not gender segregated the following four titles given by FIDE are exclusive to women and may be held simultaneously with an open title The requirements for these titles are about 200 Elo rating points lower than the requirements for the similarly named open titles These titles are sometimes criticized by both male and female players and some female players elect not to take them For example Grandmaster Judit Polgar in keeping with her policy of playing only open competitions never took a women s title 16 Woman Grandmaster WGM edit Woman Grandmaster is the highest ranking chess title restricted to women FIDE introduced the WGM title in 1976 joining the previously introduced lower ranking title Woman International Master 17 The usual way to obtain the WGM title is similar to the open titles where a FIDE rating of 2300 and three norms of 2400 performance rating is required against opponents who are higher rated than 2130 on average 18 The winner of the World Girls Junior Championship and some other tournaments like Women s Continental Championship is automatically awarded the WGM title From 2017 the direct titles are only awarded as long as she can reach the minimum FIDE rating of 2100 The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook 6 Woman International Master WIM edit Woman International Master is next to the highest ranking title given by FIDE exclusively to women FIDE first awarded the WIM title formerly called International Woman Master or IWM in 1950 19 The usual way to obtain the WIM title is similar to the open titles where a FIDE rating of 2200 and three norms of 2250 performance rating is required against opponents who are higher rated than 2030 on average The runners up in the World Girls Junior Championship the U18 and U16 World Youth Champions as well Continental Championship medalists and U18 Continental and Regional Champions of the women s section are directly awarded the title From 2017 direct titles are only awarded as long as she can cross the minimum rating of 2000 The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook 6 Woman FIDE Master WFM edit Introduced with FM in 1978 19 the WFM title may be achieved by gaining a FIDE rating of 2100 or more The U14 and U12 World Youth Champions as well as U16 and U18 medalists of the women s section are directly awarded the title The U12 U14 U16 Continental and Regional Champions of the women s section are also directly awarded the title The title can also be acquired by scoring more than 65 points in more than 9 games in the Olympiad From 2017 direct titles are only awarded as long as a minimum rating of 1900 is achieved 6 Woman Candidate Master WCM edit Introduced with CM in 2002 19 Woman Candidate Master is the lowest ranking title awarded by FIDE 18 This title may be achieved by gaining a FIDE rating of 2000 or more The title can also be acquired by getting a medal in U8 U10 U12 U14 U16 World Youth Championships or Continental and Regional Youth Championships of the women s section as well as by scoring more than 50 points in more than 7 games in the Olympiad From 2017 direct titles are only awarded as long as a candidate can cross the minimum rating of 1800 6 however this requirement does not apply for direct WCM titles earned through the Olympiad 13 Arena titles editArena titles January 2020 20 Title Men Women Total Arena Grandmaster AGM 392 3 395 Arena International Master AIM 780 6 786 Arena FIDE Master AFM 792 10 802 Arena Candidate Master ACM 377 5 382 Total 2 341 24 2 365 Arena titles can be earned online using FIDE s server and are intended for players in the lower rating band Should a player with an arena title gain an over the board FIDE title this title replaces their arena title 21 Arena Grandmaster AGM is the highest online title It is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 2000 22 Arena International Master AIM is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1700 22 Arena FIDE Master AFM is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1400 22 Arena Candidate Master ACM is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1100 22 Arena titles can be achieved on FIDE Online Arena the official FIDE online gaming platform Arbiters trainers and organizers editFIDE also awards titles for arbiters trainers and organizers The arbiter titles are International Arbiter IA and FIDE Arbiter FA 23 The trainer titles in descending order of expertise are FIDE Senior Trainer FST FIDE Trainer FT FIDE Instructor FI National Instructor NI and Developmental Instructor DI 24 The organizer title is FIDE International Organizer FIO 25 See also editChess titles FIDE World Chess Championship List of grandmasters for chess composition Chess problem TitlesReferences edit Hooper David Whyld Kenneth 1992 The Oxford Companion to Chess 2 ed Oxford University Press p 156 ISBN 978 0 19 280049 7 Elo Arpad 1978 The Rating of Chess Players Past amp Present Arco pp 65 66 ISBN 0 668 04721 6 Wall W FIDE History Archived from the original on 2009 10 28 Titles WFCC Retrieved February 4 2020 FIDE Rating list FIDE Retrieved 2023 10 02 a b c d e f g B Permanent Commissions 01 International Title Regulations Qualification Commission FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 July 2017 Fide com Retrieved 2020 08 09 a b B Permanent Commissions 01 International Title Regulations Qualification Commission Table for Direct Titles effective from 1 July 2017 FIDE Handbook International Chess Federation FIDE Retrieved 2021 12 25 BREAKING Abhimanyu Mishra Becomes Youngest Grandmaster In Chess History Chess com 4 July 2021 Abhimanyu Mishra becomes the youngest IM in the world ChessBase 14 November 2019 Retrieved 2019 11 14 Raymond Keene Ovicide The Spectator 27 January 1979 Larano Cris July 3 2013 7 Year old Filipino Chess Player Has Big Dreams The Wall Street Journal Retrieved August 31 2013 Felice Gino 2017 Chess International Title Holders Jefferson North Carolina Mcfarland and Company Holders p 1 ISBN 978 1 4766 7132 1 a b B Permanent Commissions 01 International Title Regulations Qualification Commission FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 January 2024 FIDE Handbook International Chess Federation FIDE Retrieved 19 February 2024 For a direct title to be awarded immediately an applicant has to have achieved at some time a minimum rating published or interim see 1 5 3a as follows This requirement does not apply to direct CM WCM titles earned at the Open and Women s Chess Olympiads Why are there so few candidate masters Chess Stack Exchange Retrieved 2024 03 30 FIDE Download Rating list FIDE Retrieved 2023 10 02 Polgar Judit FIDE Chess Profile Players Arbiters Trainers FIDE Hooper David Whyld Kenneth 1992 The Oxford Companion to Chess 2nd ed Oxford University Press p 450 ISBN 0 19 280049 3 a b 2019 FIDE Arbiters Manual PDF arbiters fide com Archived from the original PDF on 2019 09 24 Retrieved 2019 09 24 a b c Gino Di Felice 16 January 2018 Chess International Titleholders 1950 2016 McFarland pp 1 ISBN 978 1 4766 3361 9 FIDE Online Arena Titled Players arena myfide net Archived from the original on 2019 02 28 Retrieved February 4 2020 B Permanent Commissions 11 FIDE Online Arena Regulations FIDE Titles for the Lower Rating Band FIDE Handbook International Chess Federation FIDE Retrieved February 4 2020 a b c d FIDE Online Arena Titles arena myfide net Retrieved February 4 2020 06 Regulations for the Titles of Arbiters FIDE com Archived from the original on 27 February 2019 Retrieved 17 August 2019 07 Regulations for the Titles of Trainers FIDE com Archived from the original on 30 January 2019 Retrieved 17 August 2019 09 Regulations on Seminars amp Title Award for Organizers FIDE com Archived from the original on 26 January 2019 Retrieved 10 December 2021 External links editWorld Chess Federation FIDE official site FIDE Handbook FIDE Online Arena Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title FIDE titles amp oldid 1219076508 International Master IM, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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