International latitude observatory of Ukiah, California, 1908
Alternative names
International Polar Motion Service
Location
United States
Related media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]
In 1891, at the meeting of the Permanent Commission of the International Geodetic Association in Florence, Wilhelm Foerster referred to the discovery by Seth Carlo Chandler of the polar motion predicted by Leonhard Euler in 1765 and his impact on the determination latitudes. He proposed that the International Geodetic Association implement a systematic study of this important phenomenon. In 1895, the creation of the International Latitude Service was decided by the International Geodesic Association. Its central office was based in Potsdam and headed by Friedrich Robert Helmert. Regular observations began in 1899. After 1916, the operations of the International Latitudes Service continued under the aegis of the Reduced Geodetic Association among Neutral States presided by Raoul Gautier director of Geneva Observatory.[2][3][4][5]
The original International Latitude Observatories were a system of six observatories located near the parallel of 39° 08' north latitude. The alignment of all six stations along the parallel helped the observatories to perform uniform data analysis. The original six observatories were located in:
Twelve groups of stars were studied in the program, each group containing six pairs of stars. Each night, each station observed two of the star groups along a preset schedule and later compared the data against the measurements taken by the sister stations. Economic difficulties and war caused the closings of some of the original stations, though a newer station was created in Uzbekistan after World War I. The data collected by the observatories over the years still has use to scientists, and has been applied to studies of polar motion, the physical properties of the Earth, climatology and satellite tracking and navigation.
The final six observatories were located, in order of Longitude (E to W), in:
The ILS was renamed International Polar Motion Service (IPMS) in 1962. It was replaced when the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) was established in 1987.
^Yokoyama, Koichi; Manabe, Seiji; Sakai, Satoshi (2000). "History of the International Polar Motion Service/International Latitude Service". International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 178. Cambridge University Press (CUP): 147–162. doi:10.1017/s0252921100061285. ISSN 0252-9211.
^commission, Internationale Erdmessung Permanente (1892). Comptes-rendus des séances de la Commission permanente de l'Association géodésique internationale réunie à Florence du 8 au 17 octobre 1891 (in French). De Gruyter, Incorporated. pp. 23–25. ISBN978-3-11-128691-4.
^Yokoyama, Koichi; Manabe, Seiji; Sakai, Satoshi (January 2000). "History of the International Polar Motion Service/International Latitude Service". International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 178: 147–162. doi:10.1017/S0252921100061285. ISSN 0252-9211.
^Perrier, Général (1935). "Historique Sommaire De La Geodesie". Thalès. 2: 117–129. ISSN 0398-7817.
^Hogle, Gene NAC Green Book of Pacific Coast Touring (1931) National Automobile Club p.43
Further readingedit
Proverbio, E. (2000). "The Period of Organization of the International Latitude Service: 1889–1899". International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 178. Cambridge University Press (CUP): 121–138. doi:10.1017/s0252921100061261. ISSN 0252-9211.
External linksedit
National Park Service - The history of the Gaithersburg Observatory in Maryland, and the overall project.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources International Latitude Service news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message The International Latitude Service 1 was created by the International Geodetic Association in 1899 to study variations in latitude caused by polar motion precession or wobble of the Earth s axis International Latitude ObservatoryInternational latitude observatory of Ukiah California 1908Alternative namesInternational Polar Motion ServiceLocationUnited States Related media on Commons edit on Wikidata In 1891 at the meeting of the Permanent Commission of the International Geodetic Association in Florence Wilhelm Foerster referred to the discovery by Seth Carlo Chandler of the polar motion predicted by Leonhard Euler in 1765 and his impact on the determination latitudes He proposed that the International Geodetic Association implement a systematic study of this important phenomenon In 1895 the creation of the International Latitude Service was decided by the International Geodesic Association Its central office was based in Potsdam and headed by Friedrich Robert Helmert Regular observations began in 1899 After 1916 the operations of the International Latitudes Service continued under the aegis of the Reduced Geodetic Association among Neutral States presided by Raoul Gautier director of Geneva Observatory 2 3 4 5 The original International Latitude Observatories were a system of six observatories located near the parallel of 39 08 north latitude The alignment of all six stations along the parallel helped the observatories to perform uniform data analysis The original six observatories were located in Gaithersburg Maryland United States Cincinnati Ohio United States Ukiah California United States 6 Mizusawa Iwate Japan Charjui Turkmenistan Carloforte Italy Twelve groups of stars were studied in the program each group containing six pairs of stars Each night each station observed two of the star groups along a preset schedule and later compared the data against the measurements taken by the sister stations Economic difficulties and war caused the closings of some of the original stations though a newer station was created in Uzbekistan after World War I The data collected by the observatories over the years still has use to scientists and has been applied to studies of polar motion the physical properties of the Earth climatology and satellite tracking and navigation The final six observatories were located in order of Longitude E to W in Gaithersburg Maryland USA Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory 39 08 12 51 N 77 11 55 85 W 39 1368083 N 77 1988472 W 39 1368083 77 1988472 Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory Cincinnati Ohio USA 39 08 20 45 N 84 25 24 W 39 1390139 N 84 42333 W 39 1390139 84 42333 Cincinnati Latitude Observatory Ukiah California USA 39 08 14 26 N 123 12 42 54 W 39 1372944 N 123 2118167 W 39 1372944 123 2118167 Ukiah Latitude Observatory Mizusawa Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mizusawa VERA Observatory 39 08 6 N 141 07 54 E 39 13500 N 141 13167 E 39 13500 141 13167 Mizusawa Latitude Observatory Kitab in Uzbekistan 39 08 0 N 66 52 54 E 39 13333 N 66 88167 E 39 13333 66 88167 Kitab Latitude Observatory Carloforte Italy 39 08 13 76 N 8 18 41 90 E 39 1371556 N 8 3116389 E 39 1371556 8 3116389 Carloforte Latitude Observatory The ILS was renamed International Polar Motion Service IPMS in 1962 It was replaced when the International Earth Rotation Service IERS was established in 1987 See also editList of astronomical observatoriesReferences edit Yokoyama Koichi Manabe Seiji Sakai Satoshi 2000 History of the International Polar Motion Service International Latitude Service International Astronomical Union Colloquium 178 Cambridge University Press CUP 147 162 doi 10 1017 s0252921100061285 ISSN 0252 9211 commission Internationale Erdmessung Permanente 1892 Comptes rendus des seances de la Commission permanente de l Association geodesique internationale reunie a Florence du 8 au 17 octobre 1891 in French De Gruyter Incorporated pp 23 25 ISBN 978 3 11 128691 4 Yokoyama Koichi Manabe Seiji Sakai Satoshi January 2000 History of the International Polar Motion Service International Latitude Service International Astronomical Union Colloquium 178 147 162 doi 10 1017 S0252921100061285 ISSN 0252 9211 Perrier General 1935 Historique Sommaire De La Geodesie Thales 2 117 129 ISSN 0398 7817 Polar motion Earth s axis wobble precession Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 08 28 Hogle Gene NAC Green Book of Pacific Coast Touring 1931 National Automobile Club p 43Further reading editProverbio E 2000 The Period of Organization of the International Latitude Service 1889 1899 International Astronomical Union Colloquium 178 Cambridge University Press CUP 121 138 doi 10 1017 s0252921100061261 ISSN 0252 9211 External links editNational Park Service The history of the Gaithersburg Observatory in Maryland and the overall project Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Spaceflight nbsp Outer space nbsp Solar System nbsp Education nbsp Science Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title International Latitude Service amp oldid 1190012678, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
