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International Federation of Socialist Young People's Organizations

March 10, 2024

The International Federation of Socialist Young People's Organizations was a federation of youth organizations affiliated with the Socialist parties of the Second International.

Background edit

Socialist youth groups had been appearing in Europe since the mid-1880s but there was only discussion of youth organizing on the international scale at the Socialist congress of 1900, in Paris. A resolution was passed on appealing to member parties to organize youth groups, and a meeting of youth representatives was supposedly held. Another meeting at the 1904 world congress in Amsterdam did take place, but without lasting consequences.[1]

International cooperation on a more permanent basis began during the lead up to the Stuttgart International Socialist Congress of 1907. At the Mannheim conference of the German Social Democratic Youth in September 1906, Karl Leibknecht made a speech about the struggle against militarism, particularly with regard to youth organizations.[2] It was decided there that an "internationale" of socialist youth should be attempted.[3] Hendrik de Man, a member of the Belgian Workers Party youth group who was studying in Germany, was put in charge of the preparatory work. By December of that year he had begun publishing a Bulletin for the new group in French [4] and a German version beginning in January 1907.[5] By March 1907 a provisional bureau had been established with de Man as secretary and Liebknect and Ludwig Frank as assessors, with a headquarters in Leipzig. The project was endorsed by the International Socialist Bureau, which granted the youth bureau a subsidy.[6]

By August 1907 the provisional bureau had already collected a number of written reports from a number of socialist youth organizations and published this in a small pamphlet making detailed reports on the situation in various countries unnecessary at the conference which assembled that month.[7]

Stuttgart 1907 edit

The first international socialist youth conference was held at Stuttgart August 24–26, 1907, in conjunction with that year's general international socialist congress. There were 20 delegates from 13 countries:[8]

The International Bureau itself was represented by de Man and Liebknecht. Yanko Sakazov of Bulgaria and a Mrs. L. Bruce Glasier (Katharine Glasier?) of Great Britain also attended as observers.

It was decided at this conference to move the seat of the International Federation to Vienna, and to replace the provisional bureau with a permanent one: Henriette Roland Holst, Leopold Winarsky, Gustav Möller and Karl Liebknecht (Emanuele Skatula was his substitute while he was incarcerated). Robert Danneberg was chosen to succeed de Man beginning January 1, 1908.[9]

Copenhagen 1910 edit

The Second International Conference of Socialist Youth was held September 4, 1910, in conjunction was the International Socialist Congress meeting that year. In attendance were:[10]

  • Belgium: Henri de Man and Arthur Jauniaux
  • German Austria: Robert Danneberg
  • Netherlands: David Wijnkoop
  • Switzerland: Bock
  • Bohemia: Emanuele Skatula (Regional Agitations Committee of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Lower Austria) and Skala (Kladno District)
  • Finland: Haskila
  • Norway: Krogh
  • Sweden: Höglund, Strom, Möller, Junberg and Stold
  • Great Britain: Gossip and Bruce Glasier
  • Bulgaria: Zańków and Rabatchiew
  • Denmark: E. Larson, Halvoren, Hansea, Andresen, Knudsen, Jorgensen, Fledilius, Bergstrom, Jensen, Madsen, H. Jensen, K. Jensen, Th. Dansen, Christiansen and Nordstrom

Attending as guests:

  • Germany: Friedrich Ebert, Carl Legien, Louise Zeitz, Emma Ihrer, Peters, Klara Rode, Korn for the central office of the SPD; Rudolf of Frankfurt; Adler of Kiel; Rosenfeld of Berlin; Hanisch of Dortmund
  • France: Dormon
  • Hungary: Weltner
  • Serbia: Tuchowicz
  • Romania: Zimand and Rakovsky

Basel 1912 edit

An extraordinary conference of Socialist Youth was held in Basel in 1912. The participants in it were as follows:[11]

  • Austria: Robert Danneberg (German, Italian and Polish movement); Marie Majerva and Reiter (Czechoslovaks)
  • Belgium: Hendrik de Man
  • Bosnia: Jakšić
  • Bulgaria: Kabackieff
  • Denmark: Hoglund
  • Finland: Manner
  • France: Levy, Strago
  • Netherlands: David Wijnkoop
  • Italy: Vella
  • Norway: Hoglund
  • Sweden: Hoglund, Ture Nerman
  • Switzerland: Bock, Münzenberg and Meyer
  • Spain: Fabra Rivas, Corrales
  • Hungary: Tesáre
  • Romania: Grigorovich, Dobragean-Gerhea

Skatula and Krogh were also present as members of the international bureau.

Berne 1915 edit

After the cancellation of the planned Socialist Youth Conference along with the rest of the International Socialist Congress at Vienna after the outbreak of the First World War the Swiss Socialist youth league began an active correspondence with the Italian and Scandinavian youth organizations with the goal of organizing a conference independently. They contacted Danneberg and the Vienna Bureau, but they were uninterested so the conference went ahead without the official backing of the Federation that had been established at Stuttgart in 1907.[12]

On April 5–7, 1915 (Easter) a conference of the young socialists was held at the Volkshaus in Berne, Switzerland. This was done n spite of official disapproval of the pro-war parties, much like the Socialist Women's conference held earlier that year in the same city. The following 16 delegates from 10 countries participated:[13]

  • Germany: Notz, Dietrich and Strum[14]
  • Poland: Dombrowski
  • Sweden and Norway: Ansgar Olaussen
  • Italy: Angelica Balabanoff
  • Denmark: Chr. Christensen
  • Russia:Weiss (Menshevik), Inessa Armand and Jegorow (Bolsheviks)
  • Netherlands: Lutaraan
  • Bulgaria: S. Minev
  • Switzerland: Willi Münzenberg and Trostel

Messages were received from groups of French, Greek, Dutch, German and Austrian youth who were unable to attend and even from the Vienna Bureau.[15] Robert Grimm, Fritz Platten and Hans Vogel also attended on behalf of the Swiss Party and labor movement.[16]

After hearing reports on the status of the socialist youth movements in participating counties, discussion turned to the mode of voting. It was decided by a majority that each country would have one vote, after which the Russian delegates withdrew in protest. After they left Grimm and Balabanoff introduced their draft resolution, which was adopted unanimously by all present. The next day the Russian delegation returned with each country given two votes and Poland counted as a country. The Russian and Polish delegates then offered their own resolution which was harsher and the revisionist socialists, state it was necessary to oppose not just this war, but any war of an imperialist character and explicitly stated the means of doing such. This resolution was rejected by a vote of 13 to 3, as were the Russians proposed amendments to the previous resolution.[17]

A resolution introduced by the Scandinavian and Swiss delegates also caused dissension. The resolution invited all its affiliate members to bring pressure on their labor movements to achieve complete disarmament. This resolution was passed by a vote of 9 to 5 with all three Russian delegates voting against.[18]

The Berne conference also took significant organizational steps. The conference created a new provision seat for the federation, at Zurich, with Munzenberg as secretary and Olaussen, Christiansen, Notz and Cantessi as a new bureau. They charged this new organization with publishing a regular periodical, keep in touch with the member socialist groups, direct co-ordinated propaganda and administer the "Leibknekt Fund" for victims of the war.[19] On the initiative of the Lutaaren, it was decided to organize a "Jugendtag", a one protest against the war and militarism across national boundaries by the affiliated socialist youth leagues and co-ordinated the federation.[20] The conference ended with a declaration of sympathy with Rosa Luxemburg and the other victims of wartime persecution.[21]

Resolution edit

The resolution adopted by the conference confirmed its commitment to the previous resolutions made at Stuttgart, Copenhagen and Basel, and regretted that socialist youth leagues, like their parent organizations had not been guided by those decisions. The war was the result of the imperialist policy of all capitalist countries, even in those countries which claimed they were fighting a defensive war, and was incompatible with the interests of the laboring class. "Civil peace" was an abandonment of the class struggle and the interest of the proletariat. The Socialist gathered at Berne called on the young working masses to renew the proletarian class struggle in order to conclude peace. The resolution went on to condemn the use of socialist youth leagues "in the service of bourgeois militarist guards" and called on the youth leagues to concentrate on socialist education (which would show that war was an inevitable feature of capitalism) and the renewal of the struggle against capitalism and militarism.[22]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f The source gives the surname but not the given name. It may not be possible to identify who this was.

References edit

  1. ^ See The International Federation of Socialist Young People's Organizations 1907-1919 by Gerd Callesen at the Friedrich Ebert Foundation
  2. ^ See Militarism and Anti-Militarism at Marxist Internet Archive. In the Preface he gives September 30, 1906 as the date of his speech
  3. ^ L'Internationale Ouvriere et Socialist, the official report of the Stuttgart Congress, gives the date for this decision as September 28, 1906
  4. ^ December 15, 1906, Nr. 01, éd. provisoire
  5. ^ Januar 1907, Nr. 01, provisorische Ausg.
  6. ^ Compte-rendu de la Première Conférence Internationale de la Jeunesse Socialiste tenue à Stuttgart le 24, 25 et 26 août 1907 Gand: Secretariat de la Fédération Internationale de la Jeunesse Socialiste, 1907 pp.22-23
  7. ^ Compte-rendu de la Première Conférence Internationale... pp.11-12
  8. ^ Participation list in Bericht über die erste Internationale Konferenz der Sozialistischen Jugendorganisationen : abgehalten in Stuttgart vom 24. bis 26. August 1907 Stuttgart : Singer, 1907 pp.3-4 and the French version Compte-rendu de la Première Conférence Internationale... pp.9-10
  9. ^ Compte-rendu de la Première Conférence... pp. 24-25
  10. ^ Bulletin der Internationalen Verbindung der Sozialistischen Jugendorganisonen Year 4 #7 p. 1
  11. ^ Bulletin der Internationalen Verbindung der Sozialistischen Jugendorganisonen Year 6 #6 p. 1
  12. ^ Olga Hess Gankin and H.H. Fisher eds, The Bolsheviks and the First World War: the origins of the Third International Stanford University Press, 1940 pp.301-303. Extensive examples of this correspondence is in Sie ist nicht tot!: Bericht über die internationale Konferenz der sozialist. Jugendorganisationen, abgehalten zu Bern am 4., 5. und 6. September 1915 Zürich: Bureau der Internat. Sozialist. Jugendorganisation, 1915 pp. 4-21
  13. ^ Participation list in Wilhelm Munzenberg Die Sozialistische Jugendinternationale Berlin: Verlag Junge Garde Internationale Sozialistische Jugendbibliotek Heft 3 1919 pp.38-39
  14. ^ In Sie ist nicht tot... p. 21, the German delegations is given as Schulz (Stuttgart), Meier (Gottingen-Ulm) and Muller (Karlsruhe). Elsewhere Munzenberg gives "Stirner" as the name of the Gottingen delegate Gankin and Fisher p.305
  15. ^ These messages are reproduced in Sie ist nicht tot... pp. 21-26
  16. ^ Berner Tagwacht #88 April 17, 1915 p.1
  17. ^ This is the version of events in Sie ist nicht tot... p. 35, and Gankin and Fisher p.306. The report in Berner Tagwacht never mentions the Russians leaving, the Russians resolution was voted down 14 to 4, as were their amendments to the previous resolution. Also, according to the Tagwacht, the main resolution was adopted 13 votes to three with the Dutch and Bolshevik voting against and the Polish delegate abstaining Berner Tagwacht #88 April 17, 1915 p. 1, summary in Gankin and Fisher p.306 n.57
  18. ^ Munzenberg p.40, also Gankin and Fisher pp.306-307
  19. ^ Sie ist nicht tot... pp. 36-37, 39 also Gankin and Fisher p.307
  20. ^ Sie ist nicht tot... pp. 34-35 also Gankin and Fisher p.307
  21. ^ Sie ist nicht tot... pp. 39
  22. ^ Gankin and Fisher pp.307-308

March 10, 2024
international, federation, socialist, young, people, organizations, federation, youth, organizations, affiliated, with, socialist, parties, second, international, contents, background, stuttgart, 1907, copenhagen, 1910, basel, 1912, berne, 1915, resolution, al. The International Federation of Socialist Young People s Organizations was a federation of youth organizations affiliated with the Socialist parties of the Second International Contents 1 Background 2 Stuttgart 1907 3 Copenhagen 1910 4 Basel 1912 5 Berne 1915 5 1 Resolution 6 See also 7 Notes 8 ReferencesBackground editSocialist youth groups had been appearing in Europe since the mid 1880s but there was only discussion of youth organizing on the international scale at the Socialist congress of 1900 in Paris A resolution was passed on appealing to member parties to organize youth groups and a meeting of youth representatives was supposedly held Another meeting at the 1904 world congress in Amsterdam did take place but without lasting consequences 1 International cooperation on a more permanent basis began during the lead up to the Stuttgart International Socialist Congress of 1907 At the Mannheim conference of the German Social Democratic Youth in September 1906 Karl Leibknecht made a speech about the struggle against militarism particularly with regard to youth organizations 2 It was decided there that an internationale of socialist youth should be attempted 3 Hendrik de Man a member of the Belgian Workers Party youth group who was studying in Germany was put in charge of the preparatory work By December of that year he had begun publishing a Bulletin for the new group in French 4 and a German version beginning in January 1907 5 By March 1907 a provisional bureau had been established with de Man as secretary and Liebknect and Ludwig Frank as assessors with a headquarters in Leipzig The project was endorsed by the International Socialist Bureau which granted the youth bureau a subsidy 6 By August 1907 the provisional bureau had already collected a number of written reports from a number of socialist youth organizations and published this in a small pamphlet making detailed reports on the situation in various countries unnecessary at the conference which assembled that month 7 Stuttgart 1907 editThe first international socialist youth conference was held at Stuttgart August 24 26 1907 in conjunction with that year s general international socialist congress There were 20 delegates from 13 countries 8 Belgium Leon Troclet fr and Arthur Jauniaux nl German Austria Leopold Winarsky Hungary Gyula Alpari Italy Angelica Balabanoff Bohemia Emanuele Skatula and Lustig a Switzerland Bader a and Kleinert a Netherlands Henriette Roland Holst Spain Fabra Rivas Great Britain Simpson Sweden and Denmark Gustav Moller Australia Victor Kroemer Germany Hermann Remmele Tente a Eichhorn a and Lupnitz a The International Bureau itself was represented by de Man and Liebknecht Yanko Sakazov of Bulgaria and a Mrs L Bruce Glasier Katharine Glasier of Great Britain also attended as observers It was decided at this conference to move the seat of the International Federation to Vienna and to replace the provisional bureau with a permanent one Henriette Roland Holst Leopold Winarsky Gustav Moller and Karl Liebknecht Emanuele Skatula was his substitute while he was incarcerated Robert Danneberg was chosen to succeed de Man beginning January 1 1908 9 Copenhagen 1910 editThe Second International Conference of Socialist Youth was held September 4 1910 in conjunction was the International Socialist Congress meeting that year In attendance were 10 Belgium Henri de Man and Arthur Jauniaux German Austria Robert Danneberg Netherlands David Wijnkoop Switzerland Bock Bohemia Emanuele Skatula Regional Agitations Committee of Bohemia Moravia Silesia and Lower Austria and Skala Kladno District Finland Haskila Norway Krogh Sweden Hoglund Strom Moller Junberg and Stold Great Britain Gossip and Bruce Glasier Bulgaria Zankow and Rabatchiew Denmark E Larson Halvoren Hansea Andresen Knudsen Jorgensen Fledilius Bergstrom Jensen Madsen H Jensen K Jensen Th Dansen Christiansen and NordstromAttending as guests Germany Friedrich Ebert Carl Legien Louise Zeitz Emma Ihrer Peters Klara Rode Korn for the central office of the SPD Rudolf of Frankfurt Adler of Kiel Rosenfeld of Berlin Hanisch of Dortmund France Dormon Hungary Weltner Serbia Tuchowicz Romania Zimand and RakovskyBasel 1912 editAn extraordinary conference of Socialist Youth was held in Basel in 1912 The participants in it were as follows 11 Austria Robert Danneberg German Italian and Polish movement Marie Majerva and Reiter Czechoslovaks Belgium Hendrik de Man Bosnia Jaksic Bulgaria Kabackieff Denmark Hoglund Finland Manner France Levy Strago Netherlands David Wijnkoop Italy Vella Norway Hoglund Sweden Hoglund Ture Nerman Switzerland Bock Munzenberg and Meyer Spain Fabra Rivas Corrales Hungary Tesare Romania Grigorovich Dobragean GerheaSkatula and Krogh were also present as members of the international bureau Berne 1915 editAfter the cancellation of the planned Socialist Youth Conference along with the rest of the International Socialist Congress at Vienna after the outbreak of the First World War the Swiss Socialist youth league began an active correspondence with the Italian and Scandinavian youth organizations with the goal of organizing a conference independently They contacted Danneberg and the Vienna Bureau but they were uninterested so the conference went ahead without the official backing of the Federation that had been established at Stuttgart in 1907 12 On April 5 7 1915 Easter a conference of the young socialists was held at the Volkshaus in Berne Switzerland This was done n spite of official disapproval of the pro war parties much like the Socialist Women s conference held earlier that year in the same city The following 16 delegates from 10 countries participated 13 Germany Notz Dietrich and Strum 14 Poland Dombrowski Sweden and Norway Ansgar Olaussen Italy Angelica Balabanoff Denmark Chr Christensen Russia Weiss Menshevik Inessa Armand and Jegorow Bolsheviks Netherlands Lutaraan Bulgaria S Minev Switzerland Willi Munzenberg and TrostelMessages were received from groups of French Greek Dutch German and Austrian youth who were unable to attend and even from the Vienna Bureau 15 Robert Grimm Fritz Platten and Hans Vogel also attended on behalf of the Swiss Party and labor movement 16 After hearing reports on the status of the socialist youth movements in participating counties discussion turned to the mode of voting It was decided by a majority that each country would have one vote after which the Russian delegates withdrew in protest After they left Grimm and Balabanoff introduced their draft resolution which was adopted unanimously by all present The next day the Russian delegation returned with each country given two votes and Poland counted as a country The Russian and Polish delegates then offered their own resolution which was harsher and the revisionist socialists state it was necessary to oppose not just this war but any war of an imperialist character and explicitly stated the means of doing such This resolution was rejected by a vote of 13 to 3 as were the Russians proposed amendments to the previous resolution 17 A resolution introduced by the Scandinavian and Swiss delegates also caused dissension The resolution invited all its affiliate members to bring pressure on their labor movements to achieve complete disarmament This resolution was passed by a vote of 9 to 5 with all three Russian delegates voting against 18 The Berne conference also took significant organizational steps The conference created a new provision seat for the federation at Zurich with Munzenberg as secretary and Olaussen Christiansen Notz and Cantessi as a new bureau They charged this new organization with publishing a regular periodical keep in touch with the member socialist groups direct co ordinated propaganda and administer the Leibknekt Fund for victims of the war 19 On the initiative of the Lutaaren it was decided to organize a Jugendtag a one protest against the war and militarism across national boundaries by the affiliated socialist youth leagues and co ordinated the federation 20 The conference ended with a declaration of sympathy with Rosa Luxemburg and the other victims of wartime persecution 21 Resolution edit The resolution adopted by the conference confirmed its commitment to the previous resolutions made at Stuttgart Copenhagen and Basel and regretted that socialist youth leagues like their parent organizations had not been guided by those decisions The war was the result of the imperialist policy of all capitalist countries even in those countries which claimed they were fighting a defensive war and was incompatible with the interests of the laboring class Civil peace was an abandonment of the class struggle and the interest of the proletariat The Socialist gathered at Berne called on the young working masses to renew the proletarian class struggle in order to conclude peace The resolution went on to condemn the use of socialist youth leagues in the service of bourgeois militarist guards and called on the youth leagues to concentrate on socialist education which would show that war was an inevitable feature of capitalism and the renewal of the struggle against capitalism and militarism 22 See also editInternational Socialist Women s ConferencesNotes edit a b c d e f The source gives the surname but not the given name It may not be possible to identify who this was References edit See The International Federation of Socialist Young People s Organizations 1907 1919 by Gerd Callesen at the Friedrich Ebert Foundation See Militarism and Anti Militarism at Marxist Internet Archive In the Preface he gives September 30 1906 as the date of his speech L Internationale Ouvriere et Socialist the official report of the Stuttgart Congress gives the date for this decision as September 28 1906 December 15 1906 Nr 01 ed provisoire Januar 1907 Nr 01 provisorische Ausg Compte rendu de la Premiere Conference Internationale de la Jeunesse Socialiste tenue a Stuttgart le 24 25 et 26 aout 1907 Gand Secretariat de la Federation Internationale de la Jeunesse Socialiste 1907 pp 22 23 Compte rendu de la Premiere Conference Internationale pp 11 12 Participation list in Bericht uber die erste Internationale Konferenz der Sozialistischen Jugendorganisationen abgehalten in Stuttgart vom 24 bis 26 August 1907 Stuttgart Singer 1907 pp 3 4 and the French version Compte rendu de la Premiere Conference Internationale pp 9 10 Compte rendu de la Premiere Conference pp 24 25 Bulletin der Internationalen Verbindung der Sozialistischen Jugendorganisonen Year 4 7 p 1 Bulletin der Internationalen Verbindung der Sozialistischen Jugendorganisonen Year 6 6 p 1 Olga Hess Gankin and H H Fisher eds The Bolsheviks and the First World War the origins of the Third International Stanford University Press 1940 pp 301 303 Extensive examples of this correspondence is in Sie ist nicht tot Bericht uber die internationale Konferenz der sozialist Jugendorganisationen abgehalten zu Bern am 4 5 und 6 September 1915 Zurich Bureau der Internat Sozialist Jugendorganisation 1915 pp 4 21 Participation list in Wilhelm Munzenberg Die Sozialistische Jugendinternationale Berlin Verlag Junge Garde Internationale Sozialistische Jugendbibliotek Heft 3 1919 pp 38 39 In Sie ist nicht tot p 21 the German delegations is given as Schulz Stuttgart Meier Gottingen Ulm and Muller Karlsruhe Elsewhere Munzenberg gives Stirner as the name of the Gottingen delegate Gankin and Fisher p 305 These messages are reproduced in Sie ist nicht tot pp 21 26 Berner Tagwacht 88 April 17 1915 p 1 This is the version of events in Sie ist nicht tot p 35 and Gankin and Fisher p 306 The report in Berner Tagwacht never mentions the Russians leaving the Russians resolution was voted down 14 to 4 as were their amendments to the previous resolution Also according to the Tagwacht the main resolution was adopted 13 votes to three with the Dutch and Bolshevik voting against and the Polish delegate abstaining Berner Tagwacht 88 April 17 1915 p 1 summary in Gankin and Fisher p 306 n 57 Munzenberg p 40 also Gankin and Fisher pp 306 307 Sie ist nicht tot pp 36 37 39 also Gankin and Fisher p 307 Sie ist nicht tot pp 34 35 also Gankin and Fisher p 307 Sie ist nicht tot pp 39 Gankin and Fisher pp 307 308 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title International Federation of Socialist Young People 27s Organizations amp oldid 1132263456, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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