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Inmate telephone system

January 01, 1970

An inmate telephone system, also known as an Inmate Calling Service (ICS) or Inmate telephone service, is telephone service intended for use by inmates in correctional facilities in the United States. Telephone service for inmates allows for their rehabilitation by allowing consistent communication with their family and legal counsel while incarcerated.[1]: 65–66, 74 

In the United States, prison telecom is a $1.2 billion industry, mostly controlled by two private equity-backed companies[2][3]: 23 —Global Tel Link (GTL) with a 50% market share as of 2015.[2][4] and Securus Technologies, with 20%.[2][4] The prison telecom industry has come under scrutiny due to the nature of their business model, as high commissions paid by providers as part of exclusive contracts with individual facilities are passed down to consumers through service rates significantly higher than standard phone service. While there have been attempts by the United States' telecom regulator, the FCC, to regulate the costs of inmate telephone services, the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit ruled that its policy violated the Telecommunications Act, which forbids the FCC from regulating intrastate communications.

Operation edit

In order to use an inmate telephone service, inmates must register and provide a list of names and numbers for the people they intend to communicate with.[5] Call limitations vary depending on the prison's house rule, but calls are typically limited to 15 minutes each, and inmates must wait thirty minutes before being allowed to make another call.[6] Calls are recorded and monitored by the prison's staff.[7] Phone credits are typically accessed via an inmate account card.[8] Since 2001, the Federal Bureau of Prisons has required that use be limited to 300 minutes per-month.[1]

Providers edit

In the United States, the inmate telephone market is dominated by two providers, Global Tel Link (GTL) and Securus Technologies, with Global Tel-Link controlling approximately 50% of the market and Securus with 20%.[2] The New York-based private equity firm, Veritas Capital, with assets of over five billion, acquired GTL under the tenure of Veritas' founder and CEO Robert B. McKeon.[9][10] Mobile, Alabama-based GTL was a subsidiary of GTEL Holdings in 2009 and offered "inmate communications, investigative, facility management, visitation, payment and deposit, and content solutions".[11]

New York-based American Securities purchased GTL for $1 billion in 2011, and Boston-based ABRY Partners purchased Securus in 2013 for $640 million.[2] > When the global private-equity company Castle Harlan purchased Securus Technologies from Miami-based private equity company, H.I.G. Capital in 2011, they claimed that Securus was "the leading provider" of "inmate telecommunications for the corrections industry".[12]

Service rates edit

Before the 1990s, in the United States, service rates for phone calls within jails were similar to those available to the general public through commercial providers.[2] Since then jail phone service providers began to charge higher rates for the phone services than traditional home phone service. Illinois congressman Bobby L. Rush introduced "The Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2007" that began the discussion of rate regulation for inmate telephone calls.[13] This Bill brought about the defining of the actual costs of telephone services from jails and it was hoped would result in a standardization of rates among inmate telephone providers in 2009 or 2010.

One of the reasons for the significantly higher telephone rates stems from that facilities enter into exclusive concession contracts with a specific company to provide inmate calling services for all their inmates, typically favoring the provider that can provide larger commissions to the facility via their service fees.[2] A Congressional Research Service 2010 report cited concerns expressed by Citizens United for the Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE), that "telephone providers often pay prison operators a high percentage of the fees they collect for prisoners’ collect calls, and then charge inmates well-above general market rates for service...with commissions on telephone service... as high as 45- 65% of gross revenues generated by the service."[14]: 29  Federal officials and States had become "dependent on a small group of companies" and the rise of a "prison-industrial complex" is "dependent on government funds" and has a "vested interest in the continuation or expansion of the prison system."[14]: 25  The National Sheriffs Association claim that the contractual arrangements with service providers "ensure security and allow them to monitor inmate phone calls" and that "changing the rules could endanger public safety".[14]: 29  Bloomberg Businessweek reported in 2014, that exorbitant rates are typically meant to compensate for the high commissions paid to the facilities the provider serves. These practices have been frequently criticized by the families of inmates, who feel that these providers had exploited their personal situations in order to turn a profit.[2][15] Corrections facilities and law enforcement agencies typically resisted attempts to lower these fees, arguing that they provide additional funding to support a facility's operations, such as security.[2][15]

On August 9, 2013, the Federal Communications Commission adopted a report on the high cost of inmate calling services, with proposed reforms.[16] A 2013 FCC analysis, described how, in some cases, long-distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside, or in other instances, a fifteen-minute call could cost upwards of $15.[17] It also reported that phone rates had "caused inmates and their friends and families to subsidize everything from inmate welfare to salaries and benefits, states’ general revenue funds and personnel training".[2] At that time the FCC proposed capping the charge for interstate inmate phone calls at $3.75 for 15 minutes.[18] The proposal was approved in 2014; a cap was also implemented to reduce the high long-distance charges that inmates incurred to eleven cents per minute,[19] so that a fifteen-minute call should not cost more than $4. According to the FCC, Global Tel-Link had been charging as much as $17.30 for such calls under contracts with facilities in Arkansas, Georgia and Minnesota, which resulted in "unreasonably high" phone bills for inmates' families.[20] In retaliation for the change, service providers raised the rates on local calls.[2]

In 2015, the FCC imposed new caps of 11¢ to 22¢ on all inmate calls. The decision was criticized by the industry, who felt that the capped prices would be insufficient to cover the commissions they must pay. By March, the new caps had been stayed pending the result of a lawsuit against the FCC filed by providers, but the FCC stated that it would enforce the existing caps on intrastate calls as well.[21][22][23] In September 2015, Human Rights Watch requested that Michael Fisch, CEO of American Securities, the private equity group that owned GTL, step down from their board of directors as "GTL's exploitation of the ability of prisoners to communicate with their families and children is the antithesis of upholding human dignity and advancing human rights, and is in direct conflict with Human Rights Watch’s mission."[24]

 
Private Prison Phone Company Rates per Month. Data from: Prison Call Deals

In November 2016, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit granted a stay, requested by Securus, to block a proposed compromise by the FCC to set the rate cap to 13¢ to 31¢ per-minute on inter and intrastate calls. In the wake of the stay, Ajit Pai criticized Democrats for appealing and the courts for intervening on ICS rate regulations.[25] The two ICS providers, GTL and CenturyLink, asked for a delay in another FCC hearing in Washington, that was set for February 6, 2017. By January 19, 2017, the D.C. Circuit still refused to pause the FCC challenge to reform inmate calling rates. Commissioners Ajit Pai, Mignon Clyburn, and Jessica Rosenworcel, who were on the August 2013 Commission when the reform report was adopted, had dissented in 2013, and were likely to find for GTL and CenturyLink.[17][26]

Upon the start of the Trump administration, both Rosenworcel and Pai were nominated to the FCC. In his first week as chairman, Pai began to roll back, or declare his intent to roll back, a number of pro-consumer policies implemented by the FCC during the Obama administration (such as Net neutrality). As a result, Pai instructed the FCC's lawyers to cease defending the commission's actions in court.[27][28][29] On June 13, 2017, the Appeals Court ruled in favor of Global Tel Link, arguing that the FCC's attempt to regulate the pricing of intrastate prison calls exceeded its authority under the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which forbids the FCC from regulating intrastate communications.[30][31]

In June 2019, Sen. Tammy Duckworth introduced the Martha Wright-Reed Just and Reasonable Communications Act, which would once again authorize the FCC to regulate prison phones and cap the rate of calls made from state and local prisons.[32] It was passed by Congress and signed by President Joe Biden in January, 2023.[33]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Mosely, Fred; Sullivan, Charles (February 2002), Using Inmate Calling Services for Rehabilitation, Offender Programs Report: Social and Behavioral Rehabilitation in Prisons, Jails and the Community, vol. 5, retrieved October 10, 2016
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Timothy Williams (March 30, 2015). "The High Cost of Calling the Imprisoned". The New York Times. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  3. ^ "Private Equity Firms Profit Handsomely from Prison Phone Services", Prison Legal News, February 15, 2012, retrieved February 5, 2017
  4. ^ a b Walsh, Ben (June 10, 2015), "Prisoners Pay Millions To Call Loved Ones Every Year. Now This Company Wants Even More", Huffington Post, retrieved September 29, 2016
  5. ^ Hanrahan, Clare (2005). Conscience & Consequence: A Prison Memoir. Celtic Wordcraft. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-9758846-1-4.
  6. ^ Frantz, Michael (2009). Jail Time: What You Need to Know...Before You Go to Federal Prison!. Dog Ear Publishing. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-59858-935-1.
  7. ^ Bell, William R. (2002). Practical criminal investigations in correctional facilities. CRC Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-8493-1194-9.
  8. ^ Bosworth, Mary (2002). The U.S. federal prison system. SAGE. pp. 177, 178, 222. ISBN 978-0-7619-2304-6.
  9. ^ Sale to Veritas Capital and Goldman Sachs in February 2009, The Gores Group, nd, The Gores Group and Global Tel*Link Announce Acquisition of Verizon Business’ Department of Corrections Division November 13, 2006, retrieved February 6, 2017, Notes: Veritas made a major play in homeland security in the 2000s. Its portfolio includes Raytheon Aerospace (June 2001) (Vertex Aerospace LLC), Dyncorp International LLC (2004, MZM Inc., and Lockheed Martin) {{citation}}: External link in |quote= (help)
  10. ^ Portfolios, Veritas Capital, nd, retrieved February 6, 2017
  11. ^ "Company overview". BusinessWeek. March 18, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2017. GTL offers integrated information technology solutions for the corrections market. The company provides inmate communications, investigative, facility management, visitation, payment and deposit, and content solutions. Global Tel*Link Corporation was formerly known as Global Telcoin, Inc. and changed its name to Global Tel*Link Corporation in May 1999. The company was founded in 1980 and is based in Mobile, Alabama. Global Tel*Link Corporation operates as a subsidiary of GTEL Holdings, Inc.
  12. ^ Castle Harlan Acquires Securus Technologies, Castle Harlan, November 2011, retrieved February 5, 2011 Richard A. Smith was CEO of Securus at the time
  13. ^ Congressman Bobby L. Rush: "HR 555 The Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2007", 110th Congress of the United States of America, 2007
  14. ^ a b c Suzanne M. Kirchhoff (April 13, 2010), Economic Impacts of Prison Growth By (PDF), Congressional Research Service, p. 39, retrieved February 5, 2017
  15. ^ a b Joshua Brustein (December 17, 2014). "Serial's $2,500 Phone Bill and the Prison-Calling Racket". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  16. ^ Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (PDF), August 9, 2013, p. 131, retrieved February 5, 2017
  17. ^ a b Mark Wigfield, ed. (August 9, 2013). "FCC Bars High Rates for Long Distance Phone Calls in Jails and Prisons Nationwide: Reforms Bring Relief to Millions of Families By Reducing the Cost of Interstate Long-Distance Calls" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission News. Retrieved February 5, 2017. Acting Chairwoman Clyburn and Jessica RosenworcelAjit Pai dissented and issued statements about their dissent.
  18. ^ Adi Robertson (October 22, 2015), FCC passes rule cracking down on prison phone call charges, The Verge, retrieved February 23, 2017
  19. ^ "Rates for Interstate Inmate Calling Services". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  20. ^ Ryan Dezember (April 17, 2014). "American Securities Puts Prison-Phone Operator GTL on Block". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  21. ^ "Prison phone company says rate caps will make inmates angry and dangerous". Ars Technica. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  22. ^ Jonathan Marino (October 22, 2015), Private equity's prison phone-call businesses just ... -, Business Insider, retrieved February 5, 2017
  23. ^ Andrew Berlin (November 16, 2015), Prison Reform Agenda Pushes Private Equity-Backed Securus Toward Fight For Survival, retrieved February 5, 2017, Up until now, sky-high rates for phone calls charged by providers. ... Meanwhile, just last week Securus received another round of negative ... leaked to The Intercept – calling into question the "security" of Securus's business.
  24. ^ Letter to Michael G. Fisch re: Global Tel*Link and Human Rights Watch (PDF), September 8, 2015, retrieved February 6, 2017
  25. ^ Jon Brodkin (November 4, 2016), "Court blocks FCC attempt to cap prison phone rates: Rate caps of 13¢ to 31¢ per minute stayed pending court review", Ars Technica, retrieved February 5, 2017
  26. ^ Jenna Ebersole (January 19, 2017), Inmate Call Case Stays On Track Amid Looming FCC Changes, Washington: Law360, retrieved February 5, 2017
  27. ^ Cecilia Kang (February 5, 2017), "Trump's F.C.C. Quickly Targets Net Neutrality Rules", The New York Times, retrieved February 5, 2017
  28. ^ "Nominations of Jessica Rosenworcel and Ajit Pai to the Federal Communications Commission". Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. November 30, 2011. S. Hrg. 112-480. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  29. ^ Byers, Alex (October 18, 2013). "Congress gets back to what? — Ohlhausen on 'Internet of things' — What to know about Jeh Johnson — FCC reschedules Oct. meeting". Politico. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  30. ^ "The FCC can't cap the cost of in-state prison phone calls, court rules". The Verge. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  31. ^ "Prisoners lose again as court wipes out inmate calling price caps". Ars Technica. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  32. ^ Forte, Ulandis (21 June 2019). "My Grandmother's 20-Year Fight for Prison Phone Justice". Truthout. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
  33. ^ A bill to fight expensive prison phone call costs heads to Biden's desk

External links edit

  • Federal Communications Commission
  • Free Inmate lookup

January 01, 1970
inmate, telephone, system, inmate, telephone, system, also, known, inmate, calling, service, inmate, telephone, service, telephone, service, intended, inmates, correctional, facilities, united, states, telephone, service, inmates, allows, their, rehabilitation. An inmate telephone system also known as an Inmate Calling Service ICS or Inmate telephone service is telephone service intended for use by inmates in correctional facilities in the United States Telephone service for inmates allows for their rehabilitation by allowing consistent communication with their family and legal counsel while incarcerated 1 65 66 74 In the United States prison telecom is a 1 2 billion industry mostly controlled by two private equity backed companies 2 3 23 Global Tel Link GTL with a 50 market share as of 2015 2 4 and Securus Technologies with 20 2 4 The prison telecom industry has come under scrutiny due to the nature of their business model as high commissions paid by providers as part of exclusive contracts with individual facilities are passed down to consumers through service rates significantly higher than standard phone service While there have been attempts by the United States telecom regulator the FCC to regulate the costs of inmate telephone services the Court of Appeals for the D C Circuit ruled that its policy violated the Telecommunications Act which forbids the FCC from regulating intrastate communications Contents 1 Operation 2 Providers 3 Service rates 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksOperation editIn order to use an inmate telephone service inmates must register and provide a list of names and numbers for the people they intend to communicate with 5 Call limitations vary depending on the prison s house rule but calls are typically limited to 15 minutes each and inmates must wait thirty minutes before being allowed to make another call 6 Calls are recorded and monitored by the prison s staff 7 Phone credits are typically accessed via an inmate account card 8 Since 2001 the Federal Bureau of Prisons has required that use be limited to 300 minutes per month 1 Providers editIn the United States the inmate telephone market is dominated by two providers Global Tel Link GTL and Securus Technologies with Global Tel Link controlling approximately 50 of the market and Securus with 20 2 The New York based private equity firm Veritas Capital with assets of over five billion acquired GTL under the tenure of Veritas founder and CEO Robert B McKeon 9 10 Mobile Alabama based GTL was a subsidiary of GTEL Holdings in 2009 and offered inmate communications investigative facility management visitation payment and deposit and content solutions 11 New York based American Securities purchased GTL for 1 billion in 2011 and Boston based ABRY Partners purchased Securus in 2013 for 640 million 2 gt When the global private equity company Castle Harlan purchased Securus Technologies from Miami based private equity company H I G Capital in 2011 they claimed that Securus was the leading provider of inmate telecommunications for the corrections industry 12 Service rates editBefore the 1990s in the United States service rates for phone calls within jails were similar to those available to the general public through commercial providers 2 Since then jail phone service providers began to charge higher rates for the phone services than traditional home phone service Illinois congressman Bobby L Rush introduced The Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2007 that began the discussion of rate regulation for inmate telephone calls 13 This Bill brought about the defining of the actual costs of telephone services from jails and it was hoped would result in a standardization of rates among inmate telephone providers in 2009 or 2010 One of the reasons for the significantly higher telephone rates stems from that facilities enter into exclusive concession contracts with a specific company to provide inmate calling services for all their inmates typically favoring the provider that can provide larger commissions to the facility via their service fees 2 A Congressional Research Service 2010 report cited concerns expressed by Citizens United for the Rehabilitation of Errants CURE that telephone providers often pay prison operators a high percentage of the fees they collect for prisoners collect calls and then charge inmates well above general market rates for service with commissions on telephone service as high as 45 65 of gross revenues generated by the service 14 29 Federal officials and States had become dependent on a small group of companies and the rise of a prison industrial complex is dependent on government funds and has a vested interest in the continuation or expansion of the prison system 14 25 The National Sheriffs Association claim that the contractual arrangements with service providers ensure security and allow them to monitor inmate phone calls and that changing the rules could endanger public safety 14 29 Bloomberg Businessweek reported in 2014 that exorbitant rates are typically meant to compensate for the high commissions paid to the facilities the provider serves These practices have been frequently criticized by the families of inmates who feel that these providers had exploited their personal situations in order to turn a profit 2 15 Corrections facilities and law enforcement agencies typically resisted attempts to lower these fees arguing that they provide additional funding to support a facility s operations such as security 2 15 On August 9 2013 the Federal Communications Commission adopted a report on the high cost of inmate calling services with proposed reforms 16 A 2013 FCC analysis described how in some cases long distance calls are charged six times the rate on the outside or in other instances a fifteen minute call could cost upwards of 15 17 It also reported that phone rates had caused inmates and their friends and families to subsidize everything from inmate welfare to salaries and benefits states general revenue funds and personnel training 2 At that time the FCC proposed capping the charge for interstate inmate phone calls at 3 75 for 15 minutes 18 The proposal was approved in 2014 a cap was also implemented to reduce the high long distance charges that inmates incurred to eleven cents per minute 19 so that a fifteen minute call should not cost more than 4 According to the FCC Global Tel Link had been charging as much as 17 30 for such calls under contracts with facilities in Arkansas Georgia and Minnesota which resulted in unreasonably high phone bills for inmates families 20 In retaliation for the change service providers raised the rates on local calls 2 In 2015 the FCC imposed new caps of 11 to 22 on all inmate calls The decision was criticized by the industry who felt that the capped prices would be insufficient to cover the commissions they must pay By March the new caps had been stayed pending the result of a lawsuit against the FCC filed by providers but the FCC stated that it would enforce the existing caps on intrastate calls as well 21 22 23 In September 2015 Human Rights Watch requested that Michael Fisch CEO of American Securities the private equity group that owned GTL step down from their board of directors as GTL s exploitation of the ability of prisoners to communicate with their families and children is the antithesis of upholding human dignity and advancing human rights and is in direct conflict with Human Rights Watch s mission 24 nbsp Private Prison Phone Company Rates per Month Data from Prison Call Deals In November 2016 the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit granted a stay requested by Securus to block a proposed compromise by the FCC to set the rate cap to 13 to 31 per minute on inter and intrastate calls In the wake of the stay Ajit Pai criticized Democrats for appealing and the courts for intervening on ICS rate regulations 25 The two ICS providers GTL and CenturyLink asked for a delay in another FCC hearing in Washington that was set for February 6 2017 By January 19 2017 the D C Circuit still refused to pause the FCC challenge to reform inmate calling rates Commissioners Ajit Pai Mignon Clyburn and Jessica Rosenworcel who were on the August 2013 Commission when the reform report was adopted had dissented in 2013 and were likely to find for GTL and CenturyLink 17 26 Upon the start of the Trump administration both Rosenworcel and Pai were nominated to the FCC In his first week as chairman Pai began to roll back or declare his intent to roll back a number of pro consumer policies implemented by the FCC during the Obama administration such as Net neutrality As a result Pai instructed the FCC s lawyers to cease defending the commission s actions in court 27 28 29 On June 13 2017 the Appeals Court ruled in favor of Global Tel Link arguing that the FCC s attempt to regulate the pricing of intrastate prison calls exceeded its authority under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 which forbids the FCC from regulating intrastate communications 30 31 In June 2019 Sen Tammy Duckworth introduced the Martha Wright Reed Just and Reasonable Communications Act which would once again authorize the FCC to regulate prison phones and cap the rate of calls made from state and local prisons 32 It was passed by Congress and signed by President Joe Biden in January 2023 33 See also editPrison commissary Store within a prisonReferences edit a b Mosely Fred Sullivan Charles February 2002 Using Inmate Calling Services for Rehabilitation Offender Programs Report Social and Behavioral Rehabilitation in Prisons Jails and the Community vol 5 retrieved October 10 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k Timothy Williams March 30 2015 The High Cost of Calling the Imprisoned The New York Times Retrieved June 22 2016 Private Equity Firms Profit Handsomely from Prison Phone Services Prison Legal News February 15 2012 retrieved February 5 2017 a b Walsh Ben June 10 2015 Prisoners Pay Millions To Call Loved Ones Every Year Now This Company Wants Even More Huffington Post retrieved September 29 2016 Hanrahan Clare 2005 Conscience amp Consequence A Prison Memoir Celtic Wordcraft p 34 ISBN 978 0 9758846 1 4 Frantz Michael 2009 Jail Time What You Need to Know Before You Go to Federal Prison Dog Ear Publishing p 156 ISBN 978 1 59858 935 1 Bell William R 2002 Practical criminal investigations in correctional facilities CRC Press p 196 ISBN 978 0 8493 1194 9 Bosworth Mary 2002 The U S federal prison system SAGE pp 177 178 222 ISBN 978 0 7619 2304 6 Sale to Veritas Capital and Goldman Sachs in February 2009 The Gores Group nd The Gores Group and Global Tel Link Announce Acquisition of Verizon Business Department of Corrections Division November 13 2006 retrieved February 6 2017 Notes Veritas made a major play in homeland security in the 2000s Its portfolio includes Raytheon Aerospace June 2001 Vertex Aerospace LLC Dyncorp International LLC 2004 MZM Inc and Lockheed Martin a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a External link in code class cs1 code quote code help Portfolios Veritas Capital nd retrieved February 6 2017 Company overview BusinessWeek March 18 2009 Retrieved February 5 2017 GTL offers integrated information technology solutions for the corrections market The company provides inmate communications investigative facility management visitation payment and deposit and content solutions Global Tel Link Corporation was formerly known as Global Telcoin Inc and changed its name to Global Tel Link Corporation in May 1999 The company was founded in 1980 and is based in Mobile Alabama Global Tel Link Corporation operates as a subsidiary of GTEL Holdings Inc Castle Harlan Acquires Securus Technologies Castle Harlan November 2011 retrieved February 5 2011 Richard A Smith was CEO of Securus at the time Congressman Bobby L Rush HR 555 The Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2007 110th Congress of the United States of America 2007 a b c Suzanne M Kirchhoff April 13 2010 Economic Impacts of Prison Growth By PDF Congressional Research Service p 39 retrieved February 5 2017 a b Joshua Brustein December 17 2014 Serial s 2 500 Phone Bill and the Prison Calling Racket Bloomberg Retrieved February 5 2017 Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking PDF August 9 2013 p 131 retrieved February 5 2017 a b Mark Wigfield ed August 9 2013 FCC Bars High Rates for Long Distance Phone Calls in Jails and Prisons Nationwide Reforms Bring Relief to Millions of Families By Reducing the Cost of Interstate Long Distance Calls PDF Federal Communications Commission News Retrieved February 5 2017 Acting Chairwoman Clyburn and Jessica RosenworcelAjit Pai dissented and issued statements about their dissent Adi Robertson October 22 2015 FCC passes rule cracking down on prison phone call charges The Verge retrieved February 23 2017 Rates for Interstate Inmate Calling Services Federal Communications Commission Retrieved 20 November 2015 Ryan Dezember April 17 2014 American Securities Puts Prison Phone Operator GTL on Block The Wall Street Journal Retrieved June 22 2016 Prison phone company says rate caps will make inmates angry and dangerous Ars Technica Retrieved 14 June 2017 Jonathan Marino October 22 2015 Private equity s prison phone call businesses just Business Insider retrieved February 5 2017 Andrew Berlin November 16 2015 Prison Reform Agenda Pushes Private Equity Backed Securus Toward Fight For Survival retrieved February 5 2017 Up until now sky high rates for phone calls charged by providers Meanwhile just last week Securus received another round of negative leaked to The Intercept calling into question the security of Securus s business Letter to Michael G Fisch re Global Tel Link and Human Rights Watch PDF September 8 2015 retrieved February 6 2017 Jon Brodkin November 4 2016 Court blocks FCC attempt to cap prison phone rates Rate caps of 13 to 31 per minute stayed pending court review Ars Technica retrieved February 5 2017 Jenna Ebersole January 19 2017 Inmate Call Case Stays On Track Amid Looming FCC Changes Washington Law360 retrieved February 5 2017 Cecilia Kang February 5 2017 Trump s F C C Quickly Targets Net Neutrality Rules The New York Times retrieved February 5 2017 Nominations of Jessica Rosenworcel and Ajit Pai to the Federal Communications Commission Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation November 30 2011 S Hrg 112 480 Retrieved 2013 12 30 Byers Alex October 18 2013 Congress gets back to what Ohlhausen on Internet of things What to know about Jeh Johnson FCC reschedules Oct meeting Politico Retrieved 2013 12 30 The FCC can t cap the cost of in state prison phone calls court rules The Verge Retrieved 14 June 2017 Prisoners lose again as court wipes out inmate calling price caps Ars Technica Retrieved 14 June 2017 Forte Ulandis 21 June 2019 My Grandmother s 20 Year Fight for Prison Phone Justice Truthout Retrieved 2019 06 21 A bill to fight expensive prison phone call costs heads to Biden s deskExternal links editFederal Communications Commission Free Inmate lookup Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Inmate telephone system amp oldid 1161572702, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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