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Indian yellow-nosed albatross

January 01, 1970

The Indian yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche carteri) is a member of the albatross family, and is the smallest of the mollymawks. In 2004, BirdLife International[2] split this species from the Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross; however Clements[3] has not split it yet, and the SACC has not either, but recognises the need for a proposal.[4]

Indian yellow-nosed albatross
Off the south-east coast of Tasmania
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: Diomedeidae
Genus: Thalassarche
Species:
T. carteri
Binomial name
Thalassarche carteri
(Rothschild, 1903)
Synonyms

Thalassarche chlororhynchos carteri
Thalassarche bassi

Taxonomy edit

 
Illustration by Keulemans

Mollymawks are a type of albatross that belong to the family Diomedeidae of the order Procellariiformes, along with shearwaters, fulmars, storm petrels, and diving petrels. They share certain identifying features. They have nasal passages called naricorns attached to the upper bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. They make a stomach oil made of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This is used against predators and as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights.[5] They have a salt gland above the nasal passage. It helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe.[6] The type-specimen is a black-beaked juvenile, which has caused confusion over its status until recently.[7]

Description edit

 
East of Port Stephens

The Indian yellow-nosed albatross weighs 2.55 kg (5.6 lb), is 76 cm (30 in)[8] long and is 2 m (6.6 ft) across the wings.[9] The adult has a pale grey or white head and nape, with a dark grey mantle, upperwing, and tail. Its rump and underparts are white, and its underwing is white with a black tip with a narrow black margin at the leading edge. Its bill is black with a yellow upper ridge and a red tip. The juvenile has a white head and all black bill.[8] It is difficult to distinguish from the closely related grey-headed albatross and Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross, the latter with which it was long considered conspecific and is still considered by some a subspecies of. It can be distinguished from the Atlantic yellow-nosed by its head, the grey plumage of which is lighter on the Indian yellow-nosed.

Behaviour edit

Reproduction edit

Like all albatrosses, the Indian yellow-nosed albatross is a colonial breeder. It breeds annually,[8] and the adults begin breeding at the age of eight years. A mud nest is built in bare rocky areas or in tussock grass or ferns,[8][10] and a single egg is laid. The nesting season begins in August, with laying occurring around September/October. Incubation lasts around 70 days. After hatching the chick takes around 115 days to fledge.

Feeding edit

It feeds on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods.[8][11]

Range and habitat edit

Breeding Population and Trends[8]
Location Population Date Trend
Amsterdam Island 27,000 pair 1997 Declining
Prince Edward Islands 7,500 pair 2002 Stable
Crozet Island 7,030 pair 2007
Kerguelen Island 50 pair 1998
Île Saint-Paul 3 pair 2007
Total 65,000 2004 Declining

It breeds on Prince Edward Islands, the Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Island, Amsterdam Island (on the Falaises d'Entrecasteaux) and St Paul Islands in the Indian Ocean. When feeding during incubation, birds will forage up to 1,500 km (930 mi) from the colony.[12] At sea it ranges from South Africa to the Pacific Ocean just beyond New Zealand, ranging from 30° S to 50° S.[8][13]

Conservation edit

It is considered to be an endangered species by the IUCN,[1] due to dramatic declines in the last seventy years, caused by interactions with longline fisheries and the outbreak of introduced diseases, such as avian cholera and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.[14] It has an occurrence range of 35,300,000 km2 (13,600,000 sq mi) and a breeding range of 1,400 km2 (540 sq mi). A 2004 population estimate established that around a total of 65,000 adult birds are alive. This is based on earlier counts as follows: 27,000 breeding pairs breed on Amsterdam Island,[15] and 7,500 pair on Prince Edward Island,[14] 7,030 on Crozet Island,[16] 50 on Kerguelen Island,[17] and 3 pair on St. Paul Island for a total of 41,580 pair or 83,000 mature individuals. Take into account decreasing trends for the stated number.

Monitoring of the birds and studying of its foraging is an ongoing project on Amsterdam Island, and Prince Edward Islands is a nature preserve. A vaccination has been developed but remains untested.[14] Finally, in 2006, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission adopted a measure to require longline boats to use a bird streamer south of 30°S, and South Africa requires its boats to use a variety of mitigation processes.[8]

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche carteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22728372A132657962. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728372A132657962.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ BirdLife International (2008)(b)
  3. ^ Clements, J. (2007)
  4. ^ Remsen Jr., J. V. (2008)
  5. ^ Double, M. C. (2003)
  6. ^ Ehrlich, Paul R. (1988)
  7. ^ C.J.R. ROBERTSON. "THE SCIENTIFIC NAME OF THE INDIAN YELLOW-NOSED ALBATROSS THALASSARCHE CARTERI" (PDF). Marineornithology.org. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h BirdLife International (2008a)
  9. ^ "ARKive - Indian yellow-nosed albatross videos, photos and facts - Thalassarche carteri". Archive.today. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  10. ^ Brooke M. (2004)
  11. ^ Cherel Y. & Klages N. (1998)
  12. ^ Pinaud D. & Weimerskirch, H. (2007)
  13. ^ Harrison P. (1983)
  14. ^ a b c Ryan, P. G. et al. (2002)
  15. ^ Weimerskirch, H. (2008)
  16. ^ ACAP (2007)
  17. ^ Weimerskirch, H. & Jouventin P. (1998)

References edit

  • ACAP (2007). "ACAP species assessments, Indian Yellow-nosed albatross" (PDF). ACAP.[dead link]
  • BirdLife International (2008a). . Data Zone. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
  • BirdLife International (2008). . Archived from the original (xls) on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
  • Brooke, M. (2004). "Procellariidae". Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850125-0.
  • Cherel, Y.; Klages, N. (1998). "A review of the food of albatrosses". In Robertson, G.; Gales, G. (eds.). Albatross biology and conservation. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons. pp. 113–136.
  • Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
  • Double, M. C. (2003). "Procellariiformes (Tubenosed Seabirds)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8. Vol. Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107–111. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
  • Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David, S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988). The Birders Handbook (First ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp. 29–31. ISBN 0-671-65989-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Harrison, P. (1983). Seabirds: an identification guide. Beckenham, U.K.: Croom Helm.
  • Pinaud, D.; Weimerskirch, H. (2007). "At-sea distribution and scale-dependent foraging behaviour of petrels and albatrosses: a comparative study". Journal of Animal Ecology. 76 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01186.x. PMID 17184348.
  • Remsen Jr., J. V.; et al. (7 Aug 2008). . South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
  • Ryan, P. G.; Keith, D. G.; Kroese, M. (2002). "Seabird bycatch by tuna longline fisheries off southern Africa, 1998-2000". South African Journal of Marine Science. 24 (24): 103. doi:10.2989/025776102784528565.
  • Weimerskirch, H. (2008) in litt.
  • Weimerskirch, H.; Jouventin, P. (1998). "Changes in population sizes and demographic parameters of six albatross species breeding on the French sub-antarctic islands". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. (eds.). Albatross biology and conservation. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty and Sons. pp. 84–91.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thalassarche carteri.

January 01, 1970
indian, yellow, nosed, albatross, thalassarche, carteri, member, albatross, family, smallest, mollymawks, 2004, birdlife, international, split, this, species, from, atlantic, yellow, nosed, albatross, however, clements, split, sacc, either, recognises, need, p. The Indian yellow nosed albatross Thalassarche carteri is a member of the albatross family and is the smallest of the mollymawks In 2004 BirdLife International 2 split this species from the Atlantic yellow nosed albatross however Clements 3 has not split it yet and the SACC has not either but recognises the need for a proposal 4 Indian yellow nosed albatross Off the south east coast of Tasmania Conservation status Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Procellariiformes Family Diomedeidae Genus Thalassarche Species T carteri Binomial name Thalassarche carteri Rothschild 1903 Synonyms Thalassarche chlororhynchos carteri Thalassarche bassi Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Behaviour 3 1 Reproduction 3 2 Feeding 4 Range and habitat 5 Conservation 6 Footnotes 7 References 8 External linksTaxonomy edit nbsp Illustration by Keulemans Mollymawks are a type of albatross that belong to the family Diomedeidae of the order Procellariiformes along with shearwaters fulmars storm petrels and diving petrels They share certain identifying features They have nasal passages called naricorns attached to the upper bill The bills of Procellariiformes are unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates They make a stomach oil made of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus This is used against predators and as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights 5 They have a salt gland above the nasal passage It helps desalinate their bodies due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe 6 The type specimen is a black beaked juvenile which has caused confusion over its status until recently 7 Description edit nbsp East of Port Stephens The Indian yellow nosed albatross weighs 2 55 kg 5 6 lb is 76 cm 30 in 8 long and is 2 m 6 6 ft across the wings 9 The adult has a pale grey or white head and nape with a dark grey mantle upperwing and tail Its rump and underparts are white and its underwing is white with a black tip with a narrow black margin at the leading edge Its bill is black with a yellow upper ridge and a red tip The juvenile has a white head and all black bill 8 It is difficult to distinguish from the closely related grey headed albatross and Atlantic yellow nosed albatross the latter with which it was long considered conspecific and is still considered by some a subspecies of It can be distinguished from the Atlantic yellow nosed by its head the grey plumage of which is lighter on the Indian yellow nosed Behaviour editReproduction edit Like all albatrosses the Indian yellow nosed albatross is a colonial breeder It breeds annually 8 and the adults begin breeding at the age of eight years A mud nest is built in bare rocky areas or in tussock grass or ferns 8 10 and a single egg is laid The nesting season begins in August with laying occurring around September October Incubation lasts around 70 days After hatching the chick takes around 115 days to fledge Feeding edit It feeds on fish crustaceans and cephalopods 8 11 Range and habitat editBreeding Population and Trends 8 Location Population Date Trend Amsterdam Island 27 000 pair 1997 Declining Prince Edward Islands 7 500 pair 2002 Stable Crozet Island 7 030 pair 2007 Kerguelen Island 50 pair 1998 Ile Saint Paul 3 pair 2007 Total 65 000 2004 Declining It breeds on Prince Edward Islands the Crozet Islands Kerguelen Island Amsterdam Island on the Falaises d Entrecasteaux and St Paul Islands in the Indian Ocean When feeding during incubation birds will forage up to 1 500 km 930 mi from the colony 12 At sea it ranges from South Africa to the Pacific Ocean just beyond New Zealand ranging from 30 S to 50 S 8 13 Conservation editIt is considered to be an endangered species by the IUCN 1 due to dramatic declines in the last seventy years caused by interactions with longline fisheries and the outbreak of introduced diseases such as avian cholera and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 14 It has an occurrence range of 35 300 000 km2 13 600 000 sq mi and a breeding range of 1 400 km2 540 sq mi A 2004 population estimate established that around a total of 65 000 adult birds are alive This is based on earlier counts as follows 27 000 breeding pairs breed on Amsterdam Island 15 and 7 500 pair on Prince Edward Island 14 7 030 on Crozet Island 16 50 on Kerguelen Island 17 and 3 pair on St Paul Island for a total of 41 580 pair or 83 000 mature individuals Take into account decreasing trends for the stated number Monitoring of the birds and studying of its foraging is an ongoing project on Amsterdam Island and Prince Edward Islands is a nature preserve A vaccination has been developed but remains untested 14 Finally in 2006 the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission adopted a measure to require longline boats to use a bird streamer south of 30 S and South Africa requires its boats to use a variety of mitigation processes 8 Footnotes edit a b BirdLife International 2018 Thalassarche carteri IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22728372A132657962 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22728372A132657962 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 BirdLife International 2008 b Clements J 2007 Remsen Jr J V 2008 Double M C 2003 Ehrlich Paul R 1988 C J R ROBERTSON THE SCIENTIFIC NAME OF THE INDIAN YELLOW NOSED ALBATROSS THALASSARCHE CARTERI PDF Marineornithology org Retrieved 22 March 2022 a b c d e f g h BirdLife International 2008a ARKive Indian yellow nosed albatross videos photos and facts Thalassarche carteri Archive today Archived from the original on 3 August 2012 Retrieved 22 March 2022 Brooke M 2004 Cherel Y amp Klages N 1998 Pinaud D amp Weimerskirch H 2007 Harrison P 1983 a b c Ryan P G et al 2002 Weimerskirch H 2008 ACAP 2007 Weimerskirch H amp Jouventin P 1998 References editACAP 2007 ACAP species assessments Indian Yellow nosed albatross PDF ACAP dead link BirdLife International 2008a Indian Yellow nosed Albatross Thalassarche carteri BirdLife Species Factsheet Data Zone Archived from the original on 2 January 2009 Retrieved 18 Feb 2009 BirdLife International 2008 The BirdLife checklist of the birds of the world with conservation status and taxonomic sources Archived from the original xls on 18 October 2019 Retrieved 18 Feb 2009 Brooke M 2004 Procellariidae Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World Oxford UK Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 850125 0 Cherel Y Klages N 1998 A review of the food of albatrosses In Robertson G Gales G eds Albatross biology and conservation Chipping Norton Australia Surrey Beatty amp Sons pp 113 136 Clements James 2007 The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World 6th ed Ithaca NY Cornell University Press ISBN 978 0 8014 4501 9 Double M C 2003 Procellariiformes Tubenosed Seabirds In Hutchins Michael Jackson Jerome A Bock Walter J Olendorf Donna eds Grzimek s Animal Life Encyclopedia 8 Vol Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins Joseph E Trumpey Chief Scientific Illustrator 2nd ed Farmington Hills MI Gale Group pp 107 111 ISBN 0 7876 5784 0 Ehrlich Paul R Dobkin David S Wheye Darryl 1988 The Birders Handbook First ed New York NY Simon amp Schuster pp 29 31 ISBN 0 671 65989 8 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Harrison P 1983 Seabirds an identification guide Beckenham U K Croom Helm Pinaud D Weimerskirch H 2007 At sea distribution and scale dependent foraging behaviour of petrels and albatrosses a comparative study Journal of Animal Ecology 76 1 9 19 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2656 2006 01186 x PMID 17184348 Remsen Jr J V et al 7 Aug 2008 A classification of the bird species of South America South American Classification Committee American Ornithologists Union South American Classification Committee American Ornithologists Union Archived from the original on 2009 03 02 Retrieved 18 Feb 2009 Ryan P G Keith D G Kroese M 2002 Seabird bycatch by tuna longline fisheries off southern Africa 1998 2000 South African Journal of Marine Science 24 24 103 doi 10 2989 025776102784528565 Weimerskirch H 2008 in litt Weimerskirch H Jouventin P 1998 Changes in population sizes and demographic parameters of six albatross species breeding on the French sub antarctic islands In Robertson G Gales R eds Albatross biology and conservation Chipping Norton Australia Surrey Beatty and Sons pp 84 91 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thalassarche carteri BirdLife Species Factsheet Archived 2009 01 02 at the Wayback Machine ARKive images and movies of the Indian yellow nosed albatross Thalassarche carteri Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Indian yellow nosed albatross amp oldid 1208951465, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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