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Inciting subversion of state power (Chinese: 煽动颠覆国家政权罪; pinyin: Shāndòng diānfù guójiā zhèngquán zuì) is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code.[1]
The "inciting subversion" crime is related to earlier Chinese laws criminalizing activities deemed "counterrevolutionary"; as was the case with its predecessor, the charge is wielded by the government as an instrument of political repression.[2] The Chinese government frequently uses "inciting subversion of state power" as a "catch-all" charge used to target and imprison political activists, human rights campaigners and dissidents.[3] In 2009, prominent dissident and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo was sentenced to 11 years in prison for "incident subversion of state power" based on his drafting of the Charter 08 manifesto calling for political reform.[2] A 2008 report by the Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD) website lists 34 people convicted under this law, many of them for having posted articles on the internet that were critical of the government.[4] The Chinese authorities have used the charge against Chinese human rights lawyers and activists in the 709 crackdown, which began in 2015.[5] In 2019, Zhen Jianghua, a human rights activist and anti-censorship campaigner, was sentenced to two years in prison for "inciting subversion of state power";[6][7] later the same year, Wang Yi, the pastor of the Early Rain Covenant Church, a Chengdu-based house church (congregation operating outside of government control), was convicted and sentenced to nine years in prison in charges of "illegal business operation" and inciting subversion of state power.[3]
Gao Mingxuan, one of the editors of the 1980 Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China, defended on the application of the law in the Liu Xiaobo case, contending that the laws are not greatly different from similar ones in other countries and that each country sets limitations on freedom of speech, such as England's Treason Act 1351 (last used to prosecute William Joyce in 1945 for collaborating with Germany in World War II), Germany's Strafgesetzbuch § 90b, and 18 U.S.C. §§ 2383–2385.[8]
Article 105, Paragraph 2, 1997 Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China (translation by Wei Luo):
"Anyone who uses rumour, slander or other means to encourage subversion of the political power of the State or to overthrow the socialist system, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years. However, the ringleaders and anyone whose crime is monstrous shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years."[1]
1997 UN reportedit
The United Nations' Working Group on Arbitrary Detention reported on the new law in its 1997 'country visit' to China, predicting that the vague language of the law would enable it to be used against the 'communication of thoughts or ideas'.[9] A quote from the report:
45. Article 105 is yet another example of a broad and imprecise definition liable to be both misapplied and misused. The article defines the offence it covers as "organizing, scheming and acting to subvert the political power of the State and overthrow the socialist system" and "incitement to subvert the political power of the State and overthrow the socialist system by means of spreading rumours, slander or other means". The concept of "other means" is open to very broad interpretation.
46. Under Article 105, even communication of thoughts and ideas or, for that matter, opinions, without intent to commit any violent or criminal act, may be regarded as subversion. Ordinarily, an act of subversion requires more than mere communication of thoughts and ideas.[9]
^ abThe 1997 Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China, Volume 1 of Chinese law series, Laws, etc. (Chinese law series) ; v. 1, by Wei Luo, published by Wm. S. Hein Publishing, 1998, ISBN1-57588-398-8, ISBN978-1-57588-398-4, page 73, via books.google.com on 10 10 9
^ abJoshua Rosenzweig, "The Sky Is Falling: Inciting Subversion and the Defense of Liu Xiaobo" in Liu Xiaobo, Charter 08 and the Challenges of Political Reform in China (Hong Kong University Press: 2012), pp. 31-33.
^ abChina: "Appalling" jail sentence for outspoken pastor makes mockery of religious freedoms, Amnesty International (December 30, 2019).
^, Chinese Human Rights Defenders, January 8, 2008.
^Third Anniversary of the lawyers crackdown in China: Where are the human rights lawyers?, Amnesty International (July 9, 2018).
^CHINA: ACTIVIST SENTENCED TO TWO YEARS IN PRISON: ZHEN JIANGHUA, Amnesty International (January 2, 2019).
^China: Free Anti-Censorship Activist: Zhen Jianghua Held Incommunicado, Denied Access to Lawyer, Human Rights Watch (April 2, 2018).
^新华网:"因言获罪"是对刘晓波案判决的误读 (Chinese), title translation: "Xinhua: It is a misunderstanding of the judgment rendered in the Liu Xiaobo case to call it a 'crime by words'."
^ abReport submitted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, Addendum, Visit to the People's Republic of China, 1997, United Nations pdf link
April 12, 2024
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese January 2019 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at zh 煽动颠覆国家政权罪 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated zh 煽动颠覆国家政权罪 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Inciting subversion of state power Chinese 煽动颠覆国家政权罪 pinyin Shandong dianfu guojia zhengquan zui is a crime under the law of the People s Republic of China It is article 105 paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People s Republic of China s Penal Code 1 The inciting subversion crime is related to earlier Chinese laws criminalizing activities deemed counterrevolutionary as was the case with its predecessor the charge is wielded by the government as an instrument of political repression 2 The Chinese government frequently uses inciting subversion of state power as a catch all charge used to target and imprison political activists human rights campaigners and dissidents 3 In 2009 prominent dissident and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo was sentenced to 11 years in prison for incident subversion of state power based on his drafting of the Charter 08 manifesto calling for political reform 2 A 2008 report by the Chinese Human Rights Defenders CHRD website lists 34 people convicted under this law many of them for having posted articles on the internet that were critical of the government 4 The Chinese authorities have used the charge against Chinese human rights lawyers and activists in the 709 crackdown which began in 2015 5 In 2019 Zhen Jianghua a human rights activist and anti censorship campaigner was sentenced to two years in prison for inciting subversion of state power 6 7 later the same year Wang Yi the pastor of the Early Rain Covenant Church a Chengdu based house church congregation operating outside of government control was convicted and sentenced to nine years in prison in charges of illegal business operation and inciting subversion of state power 3 Gao Mingxuan one of the editors of the 1980 Criminal Code of the People s Republic of China defended on the application of the law in the Liu Xiaobo case contending that the laws are not greatly different from similar ones in other countries and that each country sets limitations on freedom of speech such as England s Treason Act 1351 last used to prosecute William Joyce in 1945 for collaborating with Germany in World War II Germany s Strafgesetzbuch 90b and 18 U S C 2383 2385 8 Contents 1 Text of the law 2 1997 UN report 3 See also 4 ReferencesText of the law editArticle 105 Paragraph 2 1997 Criminal Code of the People s Republic of China translation by Wei Luo Anyone who uses rumour slander or other means to encourage subversion of the political power of the State or to overthrow the socialist system shall be sentenced to fixed term imprisonment of not more than five years However the ringleaders and anyone whose crime is monstrous shall be sentenced to fixed term imprisonment of not less than five years 1 1997 UN report editThe United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention reported on the new law in its 1997 country visit to China predicting that the vague language of the law would enable it to be used against the communication of thoughts or ideas 9 A quote from the report 45 Article 105 is yet another example of a broad and imprecise definition liable to be both misapplied and misused The article defines the offence it covers as organizing scheming and acting to subvert the political power of the State and overthrow the socialist system and incitement to subvert the political power of the State and overthrow the socialist system by means of spreading rumours slander or other means The concept of other means is open to very broad interpretation 46 Under Article 105 even communication of thoughts and ideas or for that matter opinions without intent to commit any violent or criminal act may be regarded as subversion Ordinarily an act of subversion requires more than mere communication of thoughts and ideas 9 See also editList of Chinese dissidents Law of the People s Republic of China Human rights in China List of political offences that attract jail terms in China Picking quarrels and provoking trouble Anti Soviet agitationReferences edit a b The 1997 Criminal Code of the People s Republic of China Volume 1 of Chinese law series Laws etc Chinese law series v 1 by Wei Luo published by Wm S Hein Publishing 1998 ISBN 1 57588 398 8 ISBN 978 1 57588 398 4 page 73 via books google com on 10 10 9 a b Joshua Rosenzweig The Sky Is Falling Inciting Subversion and the Defense of Liu Xiaobo in Liu Xiaobo Charter 08 and the Challenges of Political Reform in China Hong Kong University Press 2012 pp 31 33 a b China Appalling jail sentence for outspoken pastor makes mockery of religious freedoms Amnesty International December 30 2019 Inciting Subversion of State Power A Legal Tool for Prosecuting Free Speech in China Chinese Human Rights Defenders January 8 2008 Third Anniversary of the lawyers crackdown in China Where are the human rights lawyers Amnesty International July 9 2018 CHINA ACTIVIST SENTENCED TO TWO YEARS IN PRISON ZHEN JIANGHUA Amnesty International January 2 2019 China Free Anti Censorship Activist Zhen Jianghua Held Incommunicado Denied Access to Lawyer Human Rights Watch April 2 2018 新华网 因言获罪 是对刘晓波案判决的误读 Chinese title translation Xinhua It is a misunderstanding of the judgment rendered in the Liu Xiaobo case to call it a crime by words a b Report submitted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Archived 2010 03 23 at the Wayback Machine Addendum Visit to the People s Republic of China 1997 United Nations pdf link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Inciting subversion of state power amp oldid 1216548532, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
