Illinois's 1st House of Representatives district

For the congressional district, see Illinois's 1st congressional district.

Illinois's 1st House of Representatives district is a Representative district within the Illinois House of Representatives located in Cook County, Illinois. It has been represented by Democrat Aaron Ortiz since January 9, 2019. The district was previously represented by Democrat Daniel J. Burke from 2013 to 2018.

Illinois's 1st State House of Representatives district
Representative	Aaron Ortiz D–Chicago since 2019
Demographics	9.4% White 8.1% Black 78.9% Hispanic 2.5% Asian 0.1% Native American 0.0% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.3% Other
Population (2020)	109,593
Created	1983–present 1849–1873, 1957–1973
Notes	[1]

The district covers parts of Chicago, Forest View, and Stickney, and of Chicago's neighborhoods, it covers Archer Heights, Bridgeport, Brighton Park, Chicago Lawn, Gage Park, Garfield Ridge, McKinley Park, New City, and West Elsdon.^[1][2]

Representative district history

Prior to the ratification of the 1848 Illinois Constitution, counties (or two or more counties) were designated a certain number of Senators and Representatives. With the ratification of the 1848 Illinois Constitution, Legislative and Representative districts were numbered and called by name. Each district was still assigned a certain number of Senators and Representatives. After the passage of the 1872 Apportionment, only Legislative districts were drawn with Representatives elected cumulatively. The 1954 amendment to the 1870 Illinois Constitution established Representative districts as separate from Legislative districts (with representatives still elected cumulatively). The boundaries of Representative and Legislative districts would differ.^[3] After the United States Supreme Court ruled in Reynolds v. Sims (1964) that "both houses of state legislatures must be apportioned according to districts of equal population," new districts were redrawn for the Illinois Senate and Illinois House of Representatives. While the Legislative districts were redrawn, the Governor and General Assembly failed to agree on Representative district boundaries. Under the 1954 amendment, "a 10-man bipartisan commission appointed by the governor from recommendations made by both parties" were directed to redraw boundaries but failed to do so in 1963. Because of this failure, and with no district boundaries redrawn, all Representative districts were temporarily merged into one at-large district with 177 representatives (the total number of representatives at the time). The 1964 Illinois House election had several candidates running for all 177 seats throughout the state.^[4] In 1965, the Representative districts were redrawn by the Illinois Legislative Reapportionment Commission and elections held in 1966 were done with separate districts.^[5] With the 1971 Apportionment (and adoption of the 1970 Illinois Constitution), Representative districts were abolished and representatives were once again elected cumulatively per Legislative district.^[6] After the passage of the Cutback Amendment in 1980, the number of Representatives was reduced from 177 to 118 with Representative districts re-established and now electing a single representative.

Prominent representatives

Representative	Notes
John Dougherty	Elected the 17th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois (1869 – 1873) Elected as a judge in the Illinois circuit courts (1877 – 1879)
Bradley M. Glass	Served as a lieutenant in the United States Navy
Jack E. Walker	Elected the 62nd Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives (1969 – 1971)
Anthony Scariano	Served as a judge in the Illinois Appellate Court (1985 – 1996)
Brian Barnett Duff	Served as a judge in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1985 – 1996) Served as senior judge in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1996 – 2016)
Suzana Mendoza	Elected the 10th Illinois Comptroller (2016 – present)

List of representatives

1849 – 1873

Representative^[7]	Party	Years^[a]	General Assembly (GA)	Electoral History	Counties Represented
District established with 1848 Illinois Constitution
John Cochran	Democratic^[8]	January 1, 1849 – January 6, 1851	16th	Elected in 1848 Was not re-elected in 1850	Alexander Pulaski Union
Cyrus G. Simons	Unknown	January 6, 1851 – January 3, 1853	17th	Elected in 1850 Was not re-elected in 1852
John Cochran	Democratic^[9]^[10]	January 3, 1853 – January 1, 1855	18th	Elected back in 1852 Was not re-elected in 1854
F. M. Rawlings		January 1, 1855 – January 5, 1857	19th	Elected in 1854 Was not re-elected in 1856
John Dougherty	Republican	January 5, 1857 – January 3, 1859	20th	Elected in 1856 Was not re-elected in 1858
William A. Hacker	Democratic^[11]	January 3, 1859 – January 5, 1863	21st 22nd	Elected in 1858 Re-elected in 1860 Was not re-elected in 1862
James H. Smith	Unknown	January 5, 1863 – January 2, 1865	23rd	Elected in 1862 Was not re-elected in 1864
Henry W. Webb	Democratic ^[12]^[13]^[14]	January 2, 1865 – January 7, 1867	24th	Elected in 1864 Was not re-elected in 1866
Newton R. Casey		January 7, 1867 – January 4, 1871	25th 26th	Elected in 1866 Re-elected in 1868 Was not re-elected in 1870
H. Watson Webb		January 4, 1871 – January 8, 1873	27th	Elected in 1870 Was not re-elected in 1872	Alexander
District abolished with 1872 Reapportionment as 3 Representatives were now elected cumulatively from Legislative districts.

1957 – 1973

Representative^[7]	Party	Party Control	Years^[a]^[b]	General Assembly (GA)	Electoral History	Counties Represented
District re-established in 1957
Jack E. Walker	Republican	2 Republicans 1 Democrat	January 9, 1957 – January 6, 1965	70th 71st 72nd 73rd	Elected in 1956 Re-elected in 1958 Re-elected in 1960 Re-elected in 1962 Did not run in At-large election	Cook
Maurino Richton			January 9, 1957 – January 4, 1961	70th 71st	Elected in 1956 Re-elected in 1958 Retired.
Anthony Scariano	Democratic		January 9, 1957 – January 6, 1965	70th 71st 72nd 73rd	Elected in 1956 Re-elected in 1958 Re-elected in 1960 Re-elected in 1962 Re-elected to At-large district
Edwin A. McGowan	Republican		January 4, 1961 – January 6, 1965	72nd 73rd	Elected in 1960 Re-elected in 1962 Did not run in At-large election
The district was temporarily abolished from 1965 to 1967 due to the Redistricting Commission in 1963 failing to reach an agreement. An at-large election was held electing 177 Representatives from across the state.
Frances L. Dawson	Republican	2 Republicans 1 Democrat	January 4, 1967 – January 13, 1971	75th 76th	Redistricted from At-large district and re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968 Ran for Trustee of the University of Illinois and lost.	Cook
Alan R. Johnston			January 4, 1967 – January 13, 1971		Redistricted from At-large district and re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968 Retired.
Harold A. Katz	Democratic		January 4, 1967 – January 10, 1973	75th 76th 77th	Redistricted from At-large district and re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968 Re-elected in 1970 Re-districted to 1st Legislative district and re-elected in 1972
Brian Barnett Duff	Republican		January 13, 1971 – January 10, 1973	77th	Elected in 1970 Redistricted to 1st Legislative district and re-elected in 1972
Bradley M. Glass			January 13, 1971 – January 10, 1973		Elected in 1970 Ran for Illinois Senate in the 1st Legislative district in 1972 and won.
District abolished with 1971 Reapportionment as Representatives were once again elected from Legislative districts.

1983 – present

Representative^[7]	Party	Years^[b]	General Assembly (GA)	Electoral History	Counties Represented
District re-established and representatives were now elected one per district with the passage of the Cutback Amendment.
Alan J. Greiman	Democratic	January 12, 1983 – ???	83rd 84th	Redistricted from the 15th district and re-elected in 1982 Re-elected in 1984 Re-elected in 1986 Appointed as a Judge to Circuit Court of Cook County in 1987	Cook
			85th
Vacant		??? – July 1987
Lou Lang	Democratic	July 1987 – January 13, 1993		Appointed July 1987 Elected in 1988 Re-elected in 1990 Redistricted to the 16th Representative district
			86th 87th
Rafael "Ray" Frias		January 13, 1993 – ???	88th	Elected in 1992 Re-elected in 1994 Resigned before the end of the 88th GA.
Vacant		??? – April 1, 1995
			89th
Fernando A. Frias	Democratic	April 1, 1995 – January 8, 1997		Appointed April 1, 1995 Retired.
Sonia Silva		January 8, 1997 – January 10, 2001	90th 91st	Elected in 1996 Re-elected in 1998 Lost renomination.
Suzana Mendoza		January 10, 2001 – May 16, 2011	92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th	Elected in 2000 Re-elected in 2002 Re-elected in 2004 Re-elected in 2006 Re-elected in 2008 Re-elected in 2010 Elected City Clerk of Chicago in 2011 and resigned her Representative seat
			97th
Vacant		May 16, 2011 – May 2011
Dena M. Carli	Democratic	May 2011 – January 9, 2013		Appointed in May 2011 Retired.
Daniel J. Burke		January 9, 2013 – December 30, 2018	98th 99th	Redistricted from the 23rd Representative district and re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014 Re-elected in 2016 Lost renomination and retired before the end of the 100th GA.
			100th
Vacant		December 30, 2018 – January 9, 2019
Aaron Ortiz	Democratic	January 9, 2019 – present	101st 102nd 103rd	Elected in 2018 Re-elected in 2020 Re-elected in 2022

Historic District Boundaries

Years	County	Municipalities/Townships	Notes
2023 – present	Cook	Chicago (Archer Heights, Bridgeport, Brighton Park, Chicago Lawn, Gage Park, Garfield Ridge, McKinley Park, New City, West Elsdon), Forest View, Stickney	^[1]^[2]
2013 – 2023		Chicago (Archer Heights, Brighton Park, Chicago Lawn, Garfield Ridge, New City, and West Elsdon), Forest View	^[15]^[2]
2003 – 2013		Chicago	^[16]
1993 – 2003		Chicago	^[17]
1983 – 1993		Parts of Jefferson Township, parts of Lake View Township, parts of Niles Township, parts of Rogers Park Township, Chicago	^[18]
1967 – 1973		Evanston Township, parts of Northfield Township, New Trier Township, parts of Niles Township	^[19]
1957 – 1965		Bloom Township, Calumet Township, Rich Township, Thornton Township	^[20]
1871 – 1873	Alexander	Cairo, Dogtooth, Goose Island, Santa Fe, Thebes, Unity	^[21]^[22]
1849 – 1871	Alexander Pulaski Union	America, Cairo, Caledonia, Clear Creek, Cobden, Elvira, Fulton, Hamburg, Jonesboro, Mill Creek, Mound City, Mounds, Mount Pleasant, Napoleon, North Caledonia, Pulaski, Santa Fe, Thebes, Toledo, Trinity, Ullin, Union Point, Unity, Villa Ridge, Western Saratoga, Wetaug	^[21]^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]

Electoral history

2030 – 2022

2022 Illinois House of Representatives election^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Aaron M. Ortiz (incumbent)	11,611	100.0
Total votes			11,611	100.0

2020 – 2012

2020 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Aaron M. Ortiz (incumbent)	21,204	100.0	N/A
Total votes			21,204	100.0

2018 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Aaron M. Ortiz	16,913	100.0	N/A
Total votes			16,913	100.0

2018 Illinois House of Representatives Democratic primary^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Aaron M. Ortiz	5,636	53.12
	Democratic	Daniel J. Burke (incumbent)	4,974	46.88
Total votes			10,610	100.0

2016 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Daniel J. Burke (incumbent)	21,609	100.0	N/A
Total votes			21,609	100.0

2014 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Daniel J. Burke (incumbent)	11,710	100.0	N/A
Total votes			11,710	100.0

2012 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Daniel J. Burke	18,561	100.0	N/A
Total votes			18,561	100.0

2010 – 2002

2010 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Susana Mendoza (incumbent)	7,210	100.0	N/A
Total votes			7,210	100.0

2008 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Susana Mendoza (incumbent)	12,132	100.0	+9.12%
Total votes			12,132	100.0

2006 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Susana Mendoza (incumbent)	8,669	90.88	-9.12%
	Republican	Suzanne Ramos	870	9.12	N/A
Total votes			9,539	100.0

2004 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Susana Mendoza (incumbent)	11,264	100.0	N/A
Total votes			11,264	100.0

2002 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Susana Mendoza (incumbent)	7,456	100.0	N/A
Total votes			7,456	100.0

2000 – 1992

2000 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Susana Mendoza	10,054	100.0	+18.83%
Total votes			10,054	100.0

2000 Illinois House of Representatives Democratic primary^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Susana Mendoza	4,343	55.16
	Democratic	Sonia Silva (incumbent)	3,530	44.84
Total votes			7,873	100.0

1998 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Sonia Silva (incumbent)	6,237	81.17	-18.83%
	Republican	Theresa Garcia	1,447	18.83	N/A
Total votes			7,684	100.0

1996 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Sonia Silva	9,832	100.0	N/A
Total votes			9,832	100.0

1994 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Rafael "Ray" Frias (incumbent)	5,642	100.0	N/A
Total votes			5,642	100.0

1992 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Rafael "Ray" Frias	10,342	100.0	+33.58%
Total votes			10,342	100.0

1990 – 1982

1990 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Louis I. Lang (incumbent)	18,399	66.42	+5.95%
	Republican	Peggy Agnos	9,301	33.57	-5.95%
Total votes			27,700	100.0

1988 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Louis I. Lang (incumbent)	24,361	60.47	-5.92%
	Republican	Kenneth H. Hollander	15,919	39.52	+5.92%
Total votes			40,280	100.0

1986 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Alan J. Greiman (incumbent)	20,162	66.39	+3.50%
	Republican	Kenneth H. Hollander	10,204	33.60	-3.51%
Total votes			30,366	100.0

1984 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Alan J. Greiman (incumbent)	27,216	62.89	-11.98%
	Republican	Lenore Picker Janecek	16,060	37.11	+11.98%
	Write-in		1	0.00	N/A
Total votes			43,277	100.0

1982 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Alan J. Greiman (incumbent)	26,285	74.87
	Republican	John "Bill" Handzel, Sr.	8,822	25.13
Total votes			35,107	100.0

1970 – 1962

1970 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Brian B. Duff	69,094	32.16
	Democratic	Harold A. Katz (incumbent)	63,541	29.57
	Republican	Bradley M. Glass	55,039	25.62
	Democratic	Claude L. Carney	27,180.5	12.65
	Write-in		3	0.00
Total votes			214,857.5	100.0

1968 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frances L. Dawson (incumbent)	94,935	36.22
	Republican	Alan R. Johnston (incumbent)	75,662.5	28.87
	Democratic	Harold A. Katz (incumbent)	60,288	23.00
	Democratic	Henry T. Synek	31,193.5	11.90
Total votes			262,079	100.0

1966 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frances L. Dawson (incumbent)	87,563.5	39.17
	Republican	Alan R. Johnston (incumbent)	70,047	31.33
	Democratic	Harold A. Katz (incumbent)	44,448	19.88
	Democratic	James B. Moran (incumbent)	21,492.5	9.61
Total votes			223,551	100.0

1962 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jack E. Walker (incumbent)	79,543.5	29.42
	Republican	Edwin A. McGowan (incumbent)	75,402.5	27.89
	Democratic	Anthony Scariano (incumbent)	63,492.5	23.49
	Democratic	Mary Lee Inger	51,914	19.20
Total votes			270,352.5	100.0

1960 – 1956

1960 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jack E. Walker (incumbent)	94,374.5	27.74
	Republican	Edwin A. McGowan	87,348	25.68
	Democratic	Anthony Scariano (incumbent)	86,159	25.33
	Democratic	Mary Lee Inger	72,280	21.25
Total votes			340,161.5	100.0

1958 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jack E. Walker (incumbent)	60,541.5	27.92
	Democratic	Anthony Scariano (incumbent)	58,326.5	26.90
	Republican	Maurino R. Richton (incumbent)	55,572.5	25.63
	Democratic	Frank D. Novak	42,423.5	19.56
Total votes			216,864	100.0

1956 Illinois House of Representatives election^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jack E. Walker	81,525.5	30.91
	Republican	Maurino R. Richton	77,711	29.46
	Democratic	Anthony Scariano	55,405.5	21.01
	Democratic	Henry X. Dietch	49,119	18.62
Total votes			263,761	100.0

Notes

1. From 1870 to 1970, the GA met for a new session on the Wednesday after the first Monday of January.
2. Since 1970, the GA meets on the second Wednesday of January for a new session.

References

1. "STATE LEGISLATIVE DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2022): Illinois - State House District 1" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. October 12, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
2. "Boundaries - Community Areas (current)". City of Chicago. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
3. "Illinois blue book, 1961-1962". Illinois Digital Archives. p. 438. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
4. "Illinois blue book, 1965-1966". Illinois Digital Archives. p. 43. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
5. "Guide to Apportionment in Illinois, 1818-2001". Illinois Digital Archives. p. 84. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
6. "Guide to Apportionment in Illinois, 1818-2001". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 86. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
7. "2021-2022 ILLINOIS BLUE BOOK" (PDF). Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
8. "List of members composing the Illinois state legislature, assembled at the Capitol in Springfield, Monday, January 1st, 1849". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
9. "List of the members composing the eighteenth General Assembly of the State of Illinois, convened in extra session, February 9, 1854". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
10. "List of the members composing the nineteenth General Assembly of the State of Illinois". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
11. "List of the members and officers, twenty-first General Assembly of the State of Illinois, Springfield, January 3, 1859". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
12. "Manual for the use of the twenty-fourth General Assembly of the State of Illinois. Prepared and compiled pursuant to a resolution of the House of Representatives, adopted Jan. 3, 1865". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 43. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
13. "Manual of the twenty-sixth General Assembly of the State of Illinois". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 54. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
14. "Rummel's Illinois hand-book and legislative manual for 1871". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 185. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
15. "STATE LEGISLATIVE DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: State House District 1 (Illinois)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. May 18, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
16. "Illinois blue book, 2003-2004". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 66. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
17. "Illinois blue book, 1993-1994". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 63. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
18. "Illinois blue book, 1983-1984". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 57. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
19. "Illinois blue book, 1967-1968". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 319. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
20. "Illinois blue book, 1955-1956". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 333. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
21. "Illinois blue book, 1903-1904". Illinois Digital Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. pp. 281–286. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
22. Campbell, R.A.; Walling, H.F.; Mitchell, Samuel Augustus (1870). Written at Chicago. "Union, Johnson, Alexander, Pulaski, Massac counties". David Rumsey Map Collection. Published by S.A. Mitchell, Jr. Philadelphia: R.A. Campbell. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
23. Tanner, Henry S. (January 1, 1845). "Illinois. (Written and engraved by Jos. Perkins. 1845)". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: Tanner's Geographical Establishment. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
24. Frederick, Bourquin; Mitchell, Samuel; Tanners, Henry S. (1848). "A New Map of Illinois with its Proposed Canals, Roads & Distances from Place to Place along the Stage & Steam Boat Routes. By H.S. Tanner. Entered according to Act of Congress in the 1841 by H.S. Tanner - in the Clerk's Office of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 31". David Rumsey Map Collection. Philadelphia: Samuel Augustus Mitchell. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
25. Colton, J. H.; Mathewson, A. J.; Messinger, John; Peck, J. M. (1852). "New sectional map of the state of Illinois". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: J. H. Colton & Co. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
26. Colton, G. W. (1857). "Illinois. No. 44. Published by J.H. Colton & Co., No 172 William St., New York. Entered according to the Act of Congress in the year 1855 by J.H. Colton & Co. in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: J. H. Colton. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
27. Colton, G.W. (1856). "Illinois. (with) Vicinity Of Chicago. Published By J.H. Colton & Co. No. 172 William St. New York. Entered ... 1855 by J.H. Colton & Co. ... New York. No. 44". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: J.H. Colton. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
28. Johnson, A.J. (1860). "Johnson's Illinois By Johnson & Browning. No. 40". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: Johnson and Browning. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
29. Johnson, A.J.; Colton, J.H.; McLellan & Bros., D. (1864). "Johnson's Illinois Published By Johnson and Ward". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: Johnson and Ward. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
30. Colton, G.W.; Fisher, Richard Swainson (1865). "Colton's Illinois. (inset) Vicinity of Chicago. Published By J. H. Colton. No. 172 William St. New York". David Rumsey Map Collection. New York: J.H. Colton. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
31. Schonberg & Co.; Bancroft, H.H.; Goodspeed & Co. (1867). Written at New York. "Illinois. Entered ... 1864 ... New York". David Rumsey Map Collection. San Francisco: Schonberg & Co. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
32. Mitchell, Samuel Augustus; Campbell, R.A.; Walling, H.F. (1870). "County map of the state of Illinois. (with) Vicinity of Springfield. Entered ... 1870 by S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr. ... Pennsylvania". David Rumsey Map Collection. Published by: S.A. Mitchell, Jr. Philadelphia: R.A. Campbell. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
33. "Election Results 2022 GENERAL ELECTION". Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
34. "Downloadable Vote Totals". Illinois State Board of Elections. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved April 11, 2021.