Tokugawa Iemochi (徳川 家茂) (July 17, 1846 – August 29, 1866) was the 14th shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866.[1] During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. Iemochi's reign also saw a weakening of the shogunate.[1]
Iemochi, known in his childhood as Kikuchiyo (菊千代), was the eldest son of the 11th-generation Wakayama Domain lord Tokugawa Nariyuki (1801–1846) with his concubine known as Jitsujoin and was born in the domain's residence in Edo (modern-day Minato-ku in Tokyo). Nariyuki was a younger son of the 11th shōgun, Tokugawa Ienari.
In 1847, at age 1, he was adopted as the heir of the 12th-generation daimyō Tokugawa Narikatsu, and succeeded him in 1850, taking the name Tokugawa Yoshitomi following his coming of age in 1851. In 1858 he had audience with shōgun Iesada and his wife, Atsuhime short after he was adopted as their son and named as the successor to the main Tokugawa house. The choice of Yoshitomi was not without conflict; there were other factions in the government who supported Tokugawa Yoshinobu or Matsudaira Naritami for shōgun; both of them, unlike Yoshitomi, were adults. After assuming the office of shogun, Yoshitomi changed his name to Iemochi.
Before Iesada died he give his will to Ii Naosuke, that:
First, Ii Naosuke must help Iemochi at administration until Iemochi was old enough to rule.
Second, all political issues must be discussed with Tenshoin, as Iemochi's mother.
As part of the kōbu gattai ("Union of Court and Bakufu") movement, On 11 February 1862, Iemochi married Princess Kazu, daughter of Emperor Ninko. Princess Kazu refused to use the title "Midaidokoro", and instead only used the title "Miya".
On April 22, 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 5th day of the 3rd month), shōgun Iemochi traveled in a great procession to the capital. He had been summoned by the emperor, and had 3,000 retainers as escort. This was the first time since the visit of Iemitsu in the Kan'ei era, 230 years before, that a shogun had visited Kyoto.[2]
His early death at the age of 20 put an end to his short marriage with princess Kazu-no-Miya. Before he died he adopted a son, Tayasu Kamenosuke (later known as Tokugawa Iesato), as his heir. At that time Tayasu Kamenosuke was only 3 years old, but as the Tokugawa shogunate was at war with Chōshū, the adult Yoshinobu was appointed the fifteenth shōgun. Shōgun Yoshinobu then adopted Iemochi's adopted son, Tayasu Kamenosuke. After Iemochi's death, Kazu-no-Miya changed her name to Seikan'in no Miya. The cause of Iemochi's death is widely reported as heart failure due to beriberi, a disease caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.
His successor, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, was the last Tokugawa shōgun and witnessed the end of the shogunate, which gave way to the Meiji Restoration.
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In this Japanese name the surname is Tokugawa Tokugawa Iemochi 徳川 家茂 July 17 1846 August 29 1866 was the 14th shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1858 to 1866 1 During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the re opening of Japan to western nations Iemochi s reign also saw a weakening of the shogunate 1 Tokugawa IemochiShōgunIn office August 14 1858 August 29 1866MonarchKōmeiPreceded byTokugawa IesadaSucceeded byTokugawa YoshinobuPersonal detailsBorn 1846 07 17 July 17 1846Minato Edo JapanDiedAugust 29 1866 1866 08 29 aged 20 Osaka Castle JapanSpousePrincess KazuSignature Iemochi died in 1866 and was buried in Zōjō ji His Buddhist name was Shonmyoin Contents 1 Biography 2 Family 3 Eras of Iemochi s bakufu 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksBiography editIemochi known in his childhood as Kikuchiyo 菊千代 was the eldest son of the 11th generation Wakayama Domain lord Tokugawa Nariyuki 1801 1846 with his concubine known as Jitsujoin and was born in the domain s residence in Edo modern day Minato ku in Tokyo Nariyuki was a younger son of the 11th shōgun Tokugawa Ienari In 1847 at age 1 he was adopted as the heir of the 12th generation daimyō Tokugawa Narikatsu and succeeded him in 1850 taking the name Tokugawa Yoshitomi following his coming of age in 1851 In 1858 he had audience with shōgun Iesada and his wife Atsuhime short after he was adopted as their son and named as the successor to the main Tokugawa house The choice of Yoshitomi was not without conflict there were other factions in the government who supported Tokugawa Yoshinobu or Matsudaira Naritami for shōgun both of them unlike Yoshitomi were adults After assuming the office of shogun Yoshitomi changed his name to Iemochi Before Iesada died he give his will to Ii Naosuke that First Ii Naosuke must help Iemochi at administration until Iemochi was old enough to rule Second all political issues must be discussed with Tenshoin as Iemochi s mother As part of the kōbu gattai Union of Court and Bakufu movement On 11 February 1862 Iemochi married Princess Kazu daughter of Emperor Ninko Princess Kazu refused to use the title Midaidokoro and instead only used the title Miya On April 22 1863 Bunkyu 3 5th day of the 3rd month shōgun Iemochi traveled in a great procession to the capital He had been summoned by the emperor and had 3 000 retainers as escort This was the first time since the visit of Iemitsu in the Kan ei era 230 years before that a shogun had visited Kyoto 2 His early death at the age of 20 put an end to his short marriage with princess Kazu no Miya Before he died he adopted a son Tayasu Kamenosuke later known as Tokugawa Iesato as his heir At that time Tayasu Kamenosuke was only 3 years old but as the Tokugawa shogunate was at war with Chōshu the adult Yoshinobu was appointed the fifteenth shōgun Shōgun Yoshinobu then adopted Iemochi s adopted son Tayasu Kamenosuke After Iemochi s death Kazu no Miya changed her name to Seikan in no Miya The cause of Iemochi s death is widely reported as heart failure due to beriberi a disease caused by thiamine vitamin B1 deficiency His successor Tokugawa Yoshinobu was the last Tokugawa shōgun and witnessed the end of the shogunate which gave way to the Meiji Restoration Family editFather Tokugawa Nariyuki 1801 1846 Mother Jitsujoin 1821 1904 Adoptive fathers Tokugawa Narikatsu 1820 1849 Tokugawa Iesada Adoptive Mother Tenshō in Wife Kazu no Miya Chikako Concubine Oyuri no Kata 1850 1880 later Shoko in Ohina no Kata 1846 1862 daughter of Shimazu Tadafuyu also niece of Tenshō in Adopted son Tokugawa Mochitsugu Tokugawa IesatoEras of Iemochi s bakufu edit nbsp Letter of Abraham Lincoln to shōgun Tokugawa Iemochi announcing the departure of Townsend Harris 14 November 1861 nbsp Letter of Napoleon III to Taicoun Tokugawa Iemochi nominating Leon Roches in replacement of Duchesne de Bellecourt 27 October 1863 Diplomatic Record Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Japan The years in which Iemochi was shōgun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō Ansei 1854 1860 Man en 1860 1861 Bunkyu 1861 1864 Genji 1864 1865 Keiō 1865 1868 Notes edit a b Japan Memoirs of a Secret Empire PBS Retrieved 2007 08 11 Ponsonby Fane Richard 1956 Kyoto the Old Capital of Japan 794 1869 p 325 References editRekishi Dokuhon Jan 2006 issue Tokugawa Shōgun ke to Matsudaira Ichizoku Tokugawa Iemochi to sono jidai wakaki shōgun no shōgai 徳川家茂とその時代 若き将軍の生涯 Tokyo Tokugawa kin en zaidan 徳川記念財団 2007 Totman Conrad 1980 The Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu 1862 1868 Honolulu University of Hawai i Press ISBN 978 0 8248 0614 9External links edit nbsp Media related to Tokugawa Iemochi at Wikimedia Commons Digitized woodblock print Shogun Iemochi in procession towards Kyoto in Bunkyu 3 Royal titles Preceded byTokugawa Narikatsu Lord of Kishu Tokugawa Iemochi1858 1866 Succeeded byTokugawa Mochitsugu Military offices Preceded byTokugawa Iesada Shōgun Tokugawa Iemochi1858 1866 Succeeded byTokugawa Yoshinobu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tokugawa Iemochi amp oldid 1167465844, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
