In immunology, an idiotope is the unique set of antigenic determinants (epitopes) of the variable portion of an antibody.[1] In some cases it can be the actual antigen-binding site, and in some cases it may comprise variable region sequences outside of the antigen-binding site on the antibody itself. Thus each antibody would have multiple idiotopes; and the set of these individual idiotopes is termed the idiotype of the antibody.
Idiotopes contrast with allotopes, which are non-varying structures on the Fc receptor.[1]
If a separate antibody is produced that has specific binding capabilities to an idiotope of the previously described antibody, it is said to be an "anti-idiotypic antibody". If such is the case, the anti-idiotypic antibodies will be able to bind to the B lymphocyte receptor for the original antigen and inhibit the immune response to that antigen.[2]
This type of regulation was proposed by Danish immunologist Niels Jerne in 1974. He termed it the "Network Hypothesis". This type of B lymphocyte regulation may be partially responsible for preventing an immune response from getting out of control, which would elicit damage to host tissue or even cause an autoimmune diseased state.
Because of the resemblance of anti-idiotypic antibodies to the original antigen, vaccine studies have been performed.[3] These types of vaccines are called "idiotypic vaccines". An anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody was generated to possess an "internal image of cocaine".[4] The anti-idiotypic antibody bound to the human dopamine transporter with mimicry of the cocaine molecule and completely inhibited cocaine binding.[5] None are produced commercially to date.
Referencesedit
^ ab"Dorlands Medical Dictionary". Retrieved 2008-03-23.
^"How Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies are Essential to Drug Discovery". News & Blogs. GenScript Biotech. January 19, 2018. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
^Ladjemi MZ (2012). "Anti-idiotypic antibodies as cancer vaccines: achievements and future improvements". Front Oncol. 2: 158. doi:10.3389/fonc.2012.00158. PMC3490135. PMID 23133825.
^Ho, Mitchell; Segre, Mariangela (2003-07-30). "Inhibition of cocaine binding to the human dopamine transporter by a single chain anti-idiotypic antibody: its cloning, expression, and functional properties". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1638 (3): 257–266. doi:10.1016/s0925-4439(03)00091-7. ISSN 0006-3002. PMC3295240. PMID 12878327.
^Ho, Mitchell; Segre, Mariangela (July 2000). "Dopamine uptake by mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells stably expressing human dopamine transporter is differentially inhibited by anti-idiotypic Ab2β antibodies mimicking the configuration of cocaine". Brain Research. 872 (1–2): 231–235. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02491-4. PMID 10924700. S2CID 23356539.
February 11, 2024
idiotopes, immunology, idiotope, unique, antigenic, determinants, epitopes, variable, portion, antibody, some, cases, actual, antigen, binding, site, some, cases, comprise, variable, region, sequences, outside, antigen, binding, site, antibody, itself, thus, e. In immunology an idiotope is the unique set of antigenic determinants epitopes of the variable portion of an antibody 1 In some cases it can be the actual antigen binding site and in some cases it may comprise variable region sequences outside of the antigen binding site on the antibody itself Thus each antibody would have multiple idiotopes and the set of these individual idiotopes is termed the idiotype of the antibody Idiotopes contrast with allotopes which are non varying structures on the Fc receptor 1 If a separate antibody is produced that has specific binding capabilities to an idiotope of the previously described antibody it is said to be an anti idiotypic antibody If such is the case the anti idiotypic antibodies will be able to bind to the B lymphocyte receptor for the original antigen and inhibit the immune response to that antigen 2 This type of regulation was proposed by Danish immunologist Niels Jerne in 1974 He termed it the Network Hypothesis This type of B lymphocyte regulation may be partially responsible for preventing an immune response from getting out of control which would elicit damage to host tissue or even cause an autoimmune diseased state Because of the resemblance of anti idiotypic antibodies to the original antigen vaccine studies have been performed 3 These types of vaccines are called idiotypic vaccines An anti idiotypic monoclonal antibody was generated to possess an internal image of cocaine 4 The anti idiotypic antibody bound to the human dopamine transporter with mimicry of the cocaine molecule and completely inhibited cocaine binding 5 None are produced commercially to date References edit a b Dorlands Medical Dictionary Retrieved 2008 03 23 How Anti Idiotypic Antibodies are Essential to Drug Discovery News amp Blogs GenScript Biotech January 19 2018 Retrieved 2021 12 29 Ladjemi MZ 2012 Anti idiotypic antibodies as cancer vaccines achievements and future improvements Front Oncol 2 158 doi 10 3389 fonc 2012 00158 PMC 3490135 PMID 23133825 Ho Mitchell Segre Mariangela 2003 07 30 Inhibition of cocaine binding to the human dopamine transporter by a single chain anti idiotypic antibody its cloning expression and functional properties Biochimica et Biophysica Acta BBA Molecular Basis of Disease 1638 3 257 266 doi 10 1016 s0925 4439 03 00091 7 ISSN 0006 3002 PMC 3295240 PMID 12878327 Ho Mitchell Segre Mariangela July 2000 Dopamine uptake by mouse neuroblastoma N1E 115 cells stably expressing human dopamine transporter is differentially inhibited by anti idiotypic Ab2b antibodies mimicking the configuration of cocaine Brain Research 872 1 2 231 235 doi 10 1016 S0006 8993 00 02491 4 PMID 10924700 S2CID 23356539 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Idiotopes amp oldid 1124033385, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
