The "ideal" nature of such a city may encompass the moral, spiritual and juridical qualities of citizenship as well as the ways in which these are realised through urban structures including buildings, street layout, etc. The ground plans of ideal cities are often based on grids (in imitation of Roman town planning) or other geometrical patterns. The ideal city is often an attempt to deploy Utopian ideals at the local level of urban configuration and living space and amenity rather than at the culture- or civilisation-wide level of the classical Utopias such as St Thomas More's Utopia.
Several attempts to develop ideal city plans are known from the Renaissance, and appear from the second half of the fifteenth century. The concept dates at least from the period of Plato, whose Republic is a philosophical exploration of the notion of the 'ideal city'. The nobility of the Renaissance, seeking to imitate the qualities of Classical civilisation, sometimes sought to construct such ideal cities either in reality or notionally through a reformation of manners and culture.
The Renaissance concept of an Ideal town developed by Italian polymathLeon Battista Alberti (1404–1472), author of ten books of treatises on modern architecture titled De re aedificatoria written about 1450 with additions made until the time of his death in 1472, concerned the planning and building of an entire town as opposed to individual edifices for private patrons or ecclesiastical purposes.
Alberti insisted on choosing the location of the town first, followed by careful setting up of the size and direction of streets, then location of bridges and gates, and finally a building pattern ruled by perfect symmetry.[1] One of the more prominent examples of a town modelled on this theory was Zamość founded in the 16th century by the chancellor Jan Zamoyski. At present, it is a World Heritage Site in Poland.[2]
The ideal town was seen as a utopia to be achieved by disregarding the reasonably regular planimetrics of real, historic towns for standards – geometric, aesthetic or otherwise – of ideal perfection. Therefore the debate about ideal towns has become isolated from the debate about real, historic towns. In fact, there has often been the temptation to superimpose and identify this debate with one about utopia and those town models often linked to the utopian concept.[3]
Examples of the ideal cities include Filarete's "Sforzinda", a description of which was included in Trattato di architettura (c. 1465). The city of Sforzinda was laid out within an eight-pointed star inscribed within a circular moat. Further examples may have been intended to have been read into the so-called "Urbino" and "Baltimore" panels (second half of the fifteenth century), which show classically influenced architecture disposed in logically planned piazzas.
The cities of Palmanova and Nicosia, whose Venetian Fortesses were built in the 1590s by the Venetian Republic, are considered to be practical examples of the concept of the ideal city.[5] Another notable example of the concept is Zamość in eastern Poland, founded in the late 16th century and modelled by the Italian architect Bernardo Morando.
Built in 1950s Communist Poland, Nowa Huta, now part of Kraków, Poland, serves as an unfinished example of a utopian ideal city, and is still one of the largest planned socialist realist settlements or districts ever built and "one of the most renowned examples of deliberate social engineering" in the entire world.[7] Its street hierarchy, layout and certain grandeur of buildings often resemble Paris or London. The high abundance of parks and green areas in Nowa Huta make it the greenest part of Kraków.[8]
^Anthony Blunt, From "Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450‐1660". Chapter 1: Alberti. PDF file, direct download 192 KB. NEHAWU Archives.
^Old City of Zamość. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2014, United Nations.
^European Educational Project: What city for man. Progetto Educativo Europeo Comenius Azione 1 Quale Citta' Per L'Uomo, in English.
^Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "The city of Bergamo - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
^Cosmescu, Dragos. "Nicosia". fortified-places.com. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
^Wilson, Thomas D. The Oglethorpe Plan: Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2012.
^"Nowa Huta – Krakow". www.inyourpocket.com. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
^Trappman, V.; Trappmann, Vera (7 May 2013). Fallen heroes in global capitalism: Workers and the Restructuring of the Polish Steel Industry. Springer. ISBN9781137303653. Retrieved 14 May 2017 – via Google Books.
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February 15, 2024
ideal, city, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, july, 2018, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ideal city news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message An ideal city is the concept of a plan for a city that has been conceived in accordance with a particular rational or moral objective The ideal city by Fra Carnevale c 1480 1484 Contents 1 Concept 2 History 2 1 Leon Battista Alberti 3 Examples 4 See also 5 ReferencesConcept editThe ideal nature of such a city may encompass the moral spiritual and juridical qualities of citizenship as well as the ways in which these are realised through urban structures including buildings street layout etc The ground plans of ideal cities are often based on grids in imitation of Roman town planning or other geometrical patterns The ideal city is often an attempt to deploy Utopian ideals at the local level of urban configuration and living space and amenity rather than at the culture or civilisation wide level of the classical Utopias such as St Thomas More s Utopia History edit nbsp Caliph Al Mansur s Round city of Baghdad City of Peace c 8th century nbsp The ideal city attributed to Luciano Laurana or Melozzo da ForliSeveral attempts to develop ideal city plans are known from the Renaissance and appear from the second half of the fifteenth century The concept dates at least from the period of Plato whose Republic is a philosophical exploration of the notion of the ideal city The nobility of the Renaissance seeking to imitate the qualities of Classical civilisation sometimes sought to construct such ideal cities either in reality or notionally through a reformation of manners and culture Leon Battista Alberti edit nbsp Zamosc in the 17th centuryThe Renaissance concept of an Ideal town developed by Italian polymath Leon Battista Alberti 1404 1472 author of ten books of treatises on modern architecture titled De re aedificatoria written about 1450 with additions made until the time of his death in 1472 concerned the planning and building of an entire town as opposed to individual edifices for private patrons or ecclesiastical purposes Alberti insisted on choosing the location of the town first followed by careful setting up of the size and direction of streets then location of bridges and gates and finally a building pattern ruled by perfect symmetry 1 One of the more prominent examples of a town modelled on this theory was Zamosc founded in the 16th century by the chancellor Jan Zamoyski At present it is a World Heritage Site in Poland 2 The ideal town was seen as a utopia to be achieved by disregarding the reasonably regular planimetrics of real historic towns for standards geometric aesthetic or otherwise of ideal perfection Therefore the debate about ideal towns has become isolated from the debate about real historic towns In fact there has often been the temptation to superimpose and identify this debate with one about utopia and those town models often linked to the utopian concept 3 Examples edit nbsp Plan of Sforzinda Filarete c 1465Examples of the ideal cities include Filarete s Sforzinda a description of which was included in Trattato di architettura c 1465 The city of Sforzinda was laid out within an eight pointed star inscribed within a circular moat Further examples may have been intended to have been read into the so called Urbino and Baltimore panels second half of the fifteenth century which show classically influenced architecture disposed in logically planned piazzas nbsp Map of Palmanova in 1593 The town is encircled by massive Venetian Defensive Systems that are a UNESCO World Heritage Site 4 The cities of Palmanova and Nicosia whose Venetian Fortesses were built in the 1590s by the Venetian Republic are considered to be practical examples of the concept of the ideal city 5 Another notable example of the concept is Zamosc in eastern Poland founded in the late 16th century and modelled by the Italian architect Bernardo Morando James Oglethorpe synthesized Classical and Renaissance concepts of the ideal city with new Enlightenment ideals of scientific planning harmony in design and social equality in his plan for the Province of Georgia The physical design component of the famous Oglethorpe Plan remains preserved in the Savannah Historic District 6 Late nineteenth century examples of the ideal city include the Garden city movement of Sir Ebenezer Howard realised at Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in England Poundbury Charles III s architectural vision established in Dorset is among the most recent examples of ideal city planning Built in 1950s Communist Poland Nowa Huta now part of Krakow Poland serves as an unfinished example of a utopian ideal city and is still one of the largest planned socialist realist settlements or districts ever built and one of the most renowned examples of deliberate social engineering in the entire world 7 Its street hierarchy layout and certain grandeur of buildings often resemble Paris or London The high abundance of parks and green areas in Nowa Huta make it the greenest part of Krakow 8 See also editOglethorpe Plan UtopiaReferences edit Anthony Blunt From Artistic Theory in Italy 1450 1660 Chapter 1 Alberti PDF file direct download 192 KB NEHAWU Archives Old City of Zamosc UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2014 United Nations European Educational Project What city for man Progetto Educativo Europeo Comenius Azione 1 Quale Citta Per L Uomo in English Centre UNESCO World Heritage The city of Bergamo UNESCO World Heritage Centre whc unesco org Retrieved 2017 11 02 Cosmescu Dragos Nicosia fortified places com Retrieved 18 July 2015 Wilson Thomas D The Oglethorpe Plan Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond Charlottesville University of Virginia Press 2012 Nowa Huta Krakow www inyourpocket com Retrieved 14 May 2017 Trappman V Trappmann Vera 7 May 2013 Fallen heroes in global capitalism Workers and the Restructuring of the Polish Steel Industry Springer ISBN 9781137303653 Retrieved 14 May 2017 via Google Books nbsp Media related to Ideal city at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ideal city amp oldid 1197328691, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
