Ichthyotoxins are compounds which are either toxic to fish, or are toxins produced by fish. The former include the algae-produced euglenophycin and prymnesins, which can cause large-scale fish deaths. The latter includes ostracitoxin, produced by boxfish.[1] Many toxin-producing algal species can be found both in marine and fresh water environments when the algae are in bloom. Ichthyotoxic poisoning in humans can cause symptoms ranging in severity dependent on how much toxin was consumed. The symptoms of an ichthyotoxin poisoning from fish venoms can include headache, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and drop in blood pressure.[2]
The eggs of gar and the roe and eggs of several other fish species contain toxins.[3] Toxin-producing algae include Prymnesium parvum.[1]
Anti-cancer researchEdit
EuglonophycinEdit
It was discovered that euglonophycin, a euglenoid ichthyotoxin derived from Euglena sanguinea, displays anticancer activity.[4] By sharing a similar chemical structure to solenopsin, an angiogenic inhibitor and alkaloid toxin derived from fire ant venom, euglonophycin has been studied for potential application in natural products and drug development for cancer therapy.[5] Based on experimental studies, anti-cancer activity by euglonophycin was demonstrated in leukemia, neuroblastoma, and colorectal cancer cell lines.[6][7] Specifically, in colorectal cancer cells, euglenophycin exposure exhibited cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-inflammatory activity.[7] It was determined that autophagic regulation and G1 cell cycle arrest contributes to euglenophycin's ability to inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation, prevent metastasis, and suppress tumour inflammation.[7]
^ abAndersen N (2012). "Ichthyotoxic algae and their effects on fish" (PDF).
^Jawad LA (2018). Dangerous fishes of the Eastern and Southern Arabian Peninsula. Cham: Springer. ISBN9783319579269.
^Ostrand KG, Thies ML, Hall DD, Carpenter M (1996). "Gar ichthyotoxin: Its effect on natural predators and the toxin's evolutionary function". The Southwestern Naturalist. 41 (4): 375–377. JSTOR 30055193.
^Zimba PV, Moeller PD, Beauchesne K, Lane HE, Triemer RE (January 2010). "Identification of euglenophycin--a toxin found in certain euglenoids". Toxicon. 55 (1): 100–4. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.004. PMID 19615398.
^Kulczycka A, Łukomska-Kowalczyk M, Zakryś B, Milanowski R (2018-06-01). "PCR identification of toxic euglenid species Euglena sanguinea". Journal of Applied Phycology. 30 (3): 1759–1763. doi:10.1007/s10811-017-1376-z. PMC5982438. PMID 29899599.
^ abcCabang AB, De Mukhopadhyay K, Meyers S, Morris J, Zimba PV, Wargovich MJ (November 2017). "Therapeutic effects of the euglenoid ichthyotoxin, euglenophycin, in colon cancer". Oncotarget. 8 (61): 104347–104358. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.22238. PMC5732811. PMID 29262645.
External linksEdit
Media related to Ichthyotoxins at Wikimedia Commons
October 19, 2023
ichthyotoxin, compounds, which, either, toxic, fish, toxins, produced, fish, former, include, algae, produced, euglenophycin, prymnesins, which, cause, large, scale, fish, deaths, latter, includes, ostracitoxin, produced, boxfish, many, toxin, producing, algal. Ichthyotoxins are compounds which are either toxic to fish or are toxins produced by fish The former include the algae produced euglenophycin and prymnesins which can cause large scale fish deaths The latter includes ostracitoxin produced by boxfish 1 Many toxin producing algal species can be found both in marine and fresh water environments when the algae are in bloom Ichthyotoxic poisoning in humans can cause symptoms ranging in severity dependent on how much toxin was consumed The symptoms of an ichthyotoxin poisoning from fish venoms can include headache vomiting diarrhea dizziness and drop in blood pressure 2 Contents 1 Examples 2 Anti cancer research 2 1 Euglonophycin 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksExamples EditSee also Venomous fish The eggs of gar and the roe and eggs of several other fish species contain toxins 3 Toxin producing algae include Prymnesium parvum 1 Anti cancer research EditEuglonophycin Edit It was discovered that euglonophycin a euglenoid ichthyotoxin derived from Euglena sanguinea displays anticancer activity 4 By sharing a similar chemical structure to solenopsin an angiogenic inhibitor and alkaloid toxin derived from fire ant venom euglonophycin has been studied for potential application in natural products and drug development for cancer therapy 5 Based on experimental studies anti cancer activity by euglonophycin was demonstrated in leukemia neuroblastoma and colorectal cancer cell lines 6 7 Specifically in colorectal cancer cells euglenophycin exposure exhibited cytotoxic anti proliferative anti migratory and anti inflammatory activity 7 It was determined that autophagic regulation and G1 cell cycle arrest contributes to euglenophycin s ability to inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation prevent metastasis and suppress tumour inflammation 7 See also EditPiscicide Fish toxins poisons derived from plants used for hunting fish Venomous fish fish which produce venomReferences Edit a b Andersen N 2012 Ichthyotoxic algae and their effects on fish PDF Jawad LA 2018 Dangerous fishes of the Eastern and Southern Arabian Peninsula Cham Springer ISBN 9783319579269 Ostrand KG Thies ML Hall DD Carpenter M 1996 Gar ichthyotoxin Its effect on natural predators and the toxin s evolutionary function The Southwestern Naturalist 41 4 375 377 JSTOR 30055193 Zimba PV Moeller PD Beauchesne K Lane HE Triemer RE January 2010 Identification of euglenophycin a toxin found in certain euglenoids Toxicon 55 1 100 4 doi 10 1016 j toxicon 2009 07 004 PMID 19615398 Kulczycka A Lukomska Kowalczyk M Zakrys B Milanowski R 2018 06 01 PCR identification of toxic euglenid species Euglena sanguinea Journal of Applied Phycology 30 3 1759 1763 doi 10 1007 s10811 017 1376 z PMC 5982438 PMID 29899599 Wahome PG Beauchesne KR Pedone AC Cavanagh J Melander C Zimba P Moeller PD December 2014 Augmenting anti cancer natural products with a small molecule adjuvant Marine Drugs 13 1 65 75 doi 10 3390 md13010065 PMC 4306925 PMID 25548974 a b c Cabang AB De Mukhopadhyay K Meyers S Morris J Zimba PV Wargovich MJ November 2017 Therapeutic effects of the euglenoid ichthyotoxin euglenophycin in colon cancer Oncotarget 8 61 104347 104358 doi 10 18632 oncotarget 22238 PMC 5732811 PMID 29262645 External links Edit nbsp Media related to Ichthyotoxins at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ichthyotoxin amp oldid 1149008154, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
