Ibrahim ibn Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi (Arabic: إبراهيم بن هشام بن إسماعيل المخزومي) was an eighth century official for the Umayyad Caliphate, serving as the governor of Medina, Mecca and al-Ta'if during the caliphate of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. He and his brother Muhammad were later tortured to death in 743 in the period leading up to the Third Islamic Civil War.
Careeredit
The sons of Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi, Ibrahim and Muhammad were maternal uncles of the caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 724–743), who relied on them to act as his governors of the Hijaz for the majority of his reign.[1] Although the sources frequently confuse the two brothers,[2] Ibrahim appears to have been appointed as governor of Medina, Mecca and al-Ta'if in 724 and to have been dismissed in 732,[3] and was also the caliph's choice to lead the pilgrimages of 724, 726–731 and possibly 732.[4] During his governorship his appointees to lead the Medinese judiciary were Muhammad ibn Safwan al-Jumahi and al-Salt ibn Zubayd al-Kindi.[5]
In the last years of Hisham's reign Ibrahim and Muhammad were supporters of the caliph's unsuccessful plan to replace the heir-apparent al-Walid ibn Yazid with his own son Maslamah, but with the death of Hisham in 743 their political influence came to an end. Upon his accession to the caliphate al-Walid handed over the two brothers to his new governor of Medina, Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi, who paraded them in front of the city inhabitants and had them flogged; shortly afterwards al-Walid ordered Yusuf to transfer Ibrahim and Muhammad to Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi in Iraq, where together with Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri they were tortured to death.[6] The brutal treatment of Ibrahim and Muhammad exacerbated hostility against al-Walid, playing a role in the caliph's own downfall and death and the outbreak of civil war in the following year.[7]
^Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, p. 357 states that Muhammad ibn Hisham was the governor of Mecca, Medina and al-Ta'if from 724 to 732 instead of Ibrahim, while Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 26: p. 8 and Al-Ya'qubi 1883, p. 397 claim that Ibrahim was governor in 739 and 743 respectively instead of Muhammad.
^Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 25: pp. 8, 23, 28, 32, 44, 63, 68, 94, 96, 97-98; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, p. 361; McMillan 2011, p. 139. According to al-Tabari, op. cit., p. 29, Ibrahim also went campaigning on the Byzantine frontier in 726.
Judd, Steven C. (2014). Religious Scholars and the Umayyads: Piety-minded supporters of the Marwanid caliphate. Oxford and New York: Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-84497-0.
Khalifah ibn Khayyat (1985). al-'Umari, Akram Diya' (ed.). Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed (in Arabic). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah.
ibrahim, hisham, isma, makhzumi, arabic, إبراهيم, بن, هشام, بن, إسماعيل, المخزومي, eighth, century, official, umayyad, caliphate, serving, governor, medina, mecca, during, caliphate, hisham, malik, brother, muhammad, were, later, tortured, death, period, leadi. Ibrahim ibn Hisham ibn Isma il al Makhzumi Arabic إبراهيم بن هشام بن إسماعيل المخزومي was an eighth century official for the Umayyad Caliphate serving as the governor of Medina Mecca and al Ta if during the caliphate of Hisham ibn Abd al Malik He and his brother Muhammad were later tortured to death in 743 in the period leading up to the Third Islamic Civil War Career editThe sons of Hisham ibn Isma il al Makhzumi Ibrahim and Muhammad were maternal uncles of the caliph Hisham ibn Abd al Malik r 724 743 who relied on them to act as his governors of the Hijaz for the majority of his reign 1 Although the sources frequently confuse the two brothers 2 Ibrahim appears to have been appointed as governor of Medina Mecca and al Ta if in 724 and to have been dismissed in 732 3 and was also the caliph s choice to lead the pilgrimages of 724 726 731 and possibly 732 4 During his governorship his appointees to lead the Medinese judiciary were Muhammad ibn Safwan al Jumahi and al Salt ibn Zubayd al Kindi 5 In the last years of Hisham s reign Ibrahim and Muhammad were supporters of the caliph s unsuccessful plan to replace the heir apparent al Walid ibn Yazid with his own son Maslamah but with the death of Hisham in 743 their political influence came to an end Upon his accession to the caliphate al Walid handed over the two brothers to his new governor of Medina Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al Thaqafi who paraded them in front of the city inhabitants and had them flogged shortly afterwards al Walid ordered Yusuf to transfer Ibrahim and Muhammad to Yusuf ibn Umar al Thaqafi in Iraq where together with Khalid ibn Abdallah al Qasri they were tortured to death 6 The brutal treatment of Ibrahim and Muhammad exacerbated hostility against al Walid playing a role in the caliph s own downfall and death and the outbreak of civil war in the following year 7 Notes edit Hinds 1991 p 139 McMillan 2011 pp 140 41 Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985 p 357 states that Muhammad ibn Hisham was the governor of Mecca Medina and al Ta if from 724 to 732 instead of Ibrahim while Yarshater 1985 2007 v 26 p 8 and Al Ya qubi 1883 p 397 claim that Ibrahim was governor in 739 and 743 respectively instead of Muhammad Yarshater 1985 2007 v 25 pp 8 23 28 32 44 63 68 94 96 97 98 Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985 p 361 McMillan 2011 p 139 According to al Tabari op cit p 29 Ibrahim also went campaigning on the Byzantine frontier in 726 Yarshater 1985 2007 v 25 pp 3 4 28 32 44 63 68 94 96 Al Ya qubi 1883 p 394 Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985 pp 337 41 343 360 Al Mas udi 1877 p 61 McMillan 2011 p 139 Yarshater 1985 2007 v 26 p 9 Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985 p 361 Waki n d pp 168 69 Judd 2014 p 156 Yarshater 1985 2007 v 26 pp 89 119 177 Al Ya qubi 1883 pp 397 400 Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985 p 362 Hinds 1991 p 139 McMillan 2011 pp 147 48 McMillan 2011 p 148 References editHinds M 1991 Makhzum In Bosworth C E van Donzel E amp Pellat Ch eds Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume VI Mahk Mid 2nd ed Leiden E J Brill pp 137 140 ISBN 978 90 04 08112 3 Judd Steven C 2014 Religious Scholars and the Umayyads Piety minded supporters of the Marwanid caliphate Oxford and New York Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 84497 0 Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985 al Umari Akram Diya ed Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat 3rd ed in Arabic Al Riyadh Dar Taybah Al Mas udi Ali ibn al Husain 1877 Les Prairies D Or Tome Neuvieme in French Ed and Trans Charles Barbier de Meynard and Abel Pavet de Courteille Paris Imprimerie Nationale McMillan M E 2011 The Meaning of Mecca The Politics of Pilgrimage in Early Islam London Saqi ISBN 978 0 86356 437 6 Waki Muhammad ibn Khalaf ibn Hayyan n d Akhbar al Qudat in Arabic Beirut Alam al Kutub OCLC 957287781 Al Ya qubi Ahmad ibn Abu Ya qub 1883 Houtsma M Th ed Historiae Vol 2 in Arabic Leiden E J Brill Yarshater Ehsan ed 1985 2007 The History of al Ṭabari 40 vols SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies Albany New York State University of New York Press ISBN 978 0 7914 7249 1 Preceded byAbd al Wahid ibn Abdallah al Nasri Governor of Medina724 732 Succeeded byKhalid ibn Abd al Malik ibn al Harith ibn al HakamPreceded byAbd al Wahid ibn Abdallah al Nasri Governor of Mecca724 731 2 Succeeded byMuhammad ibn Hisham ibn Isma il al Makhzumi Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ibrahim ibn Hisham ibn Isma 27il al Makhzumi amp oldid 1171601662, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
