IVB meteorite
IVB meteorites are a group of ataxite iron meteorites classified as achondrites.[1] The IVB group has the most extreme chemical compositions of all iron meteorites, meaning that examples of the group are depleted in volatile elements and enriched in refractory elements compared to other iron meteorites.[2]
| IVB meteorites | |
|---|---|
| — Group — | |
Tlacotepec is one of 14 known IVB specimens; in contrast to most IVBs it is an octahedrite instead of an ataxite | |
| Type | Iron |
| Structural classification | Most are ataxites (without structure) but show microscopic Widmanstätten patterns |
| Class | Magmatic |
| Subgroups |
|
| Parent body | IVB |
| Composition | Meteoric iron (kamacite, taenite & tetrataenite); low in volatile elements, high in nickel & refractory elements |
| Total known specimens | 14 |
Description edit
The IVB meteorites are composed of meteoric iron (kamacite, taenite and tetrataenite). The chemical composition is low in volatile elements and high in nickel and refractory elements. Although most IVB meteorites are ataxites ("without structure"), they do show microscopic Widmanstätten patterns. The lamellae are smaller than 20 µm wide and lie in a matrix of plessite.[3] The Tlacotepec meteorite is an octahedrite, making a notable exception, as most IVBs are ataxites.[4]
Classification edit
Iron meteorites were originally divided into four groups designated by Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV). When more chemical data became available some groups were split. Group IV was split into IVA and IVB meteorites.[5] The chemical classification is based on diagrams that plot nickel content against different trace elements (e.g. gallium, germanium and iridium). The different iron meteorite groups appear as data point clusters.[1][6]
Parent body edit
IVB meteorites formed the core of a parent body that was later destroyed, some of the fragments falling on Earth as meteorites.[3] Modeling the IVB parent body has to take into account the extreme chemical composition, especially the depletion of volatile elements (gallium, germanium) and the enrichment in refractory elements (iridium) compared to other iron meteorites.[2]
The history of the parent body has been reconstructed in detail. The IVB parent body will have formed from material that condensed at the highest temperatures while the solar nebula cooled off. The enrichment in refractory elements was caused by less than 10 % of the condensible material going into the parent body.[2] Thermal models suggest that the IVB parent body formed 0.3 million years after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions, and at a distance from the sun of 0.9 Astronomical units.[7][8]
Differentiation of the planet body into a core and mantle was most likely driven by the heat produced by the decay of 26Al and 60Fe.[9][10] The high nickel concentrations were caused by oxidizing physical conditions. The chemical variation of IVB specimens can be explained as different stages of the fractional crystallization of the convecting core of the parent body.[3] The exact size of the parent body is still debated. Modelling of cooling rates suggest that it had a 140 ± 30 km radius with a 70 ± 15 km radius core. The fast cooling rates are explained by a grazing-shot collision of the parent body with a larger asteroid. This removed the mantle from the parent body, leaving the shattered iron core behind to rapidly cool.[3]
Notable specimens edit
As of December 2012, 14 specimens of IVB meteorites are known.[11] A notable specimen is the Hoba meteorite, the largest known intact meteorite. There has never been an observed fall of an IVB meteorite.[11]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b M. K. Weisberg; T. J. McCoy, A. N. Krot (2006). "Systematics and Evaluation of Meteorite Classification" (PDF). In D. S. Lauretta; H. Y. McSween, Jr. (eds.). Meteorites and the early solar system II. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 19–52. ISBN 978-0816525621. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
- ^ a b c Campbell, Andrew J.; Humayun, Munir (1 October 2005). "Compositions of group IVB iron meteorites and their parent melt". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 69 (19): 4733–4744. Bibcode:2005GeCoA..69.4733C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.573.5611. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.06.004.
- ^ a b c d Yang, Jijin; Goldstein, Joseph I.; Michael, Joseph R.; Kotula, Paul G.; Scott, Edward R.D. (31 July 2010). "Thermal history and origin of the IVB iron meteorites and their parent body". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 74 (15): 4493–4506. Bibcode:2010GeCoA..74.4493Y. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.011.
- ^ "The Catalogue of Meteorites". nhm.ac.uk.
- ^ McSween, Harry Y. (1999). Meteorites and their parent planets (Sec. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0521587518.
- ^ Scott, Edward R. D.; Wasson, John T. (1 January 1975). "Classification and properties of iron meteorites". Reviews of Geophysics. 13 (4): 527. Bibcode:1975RvGSP..13..527S. doi:10.1029/RG013i004p00527.
- ^ Bland, P. A.; F. J. Ciesla (2010). "The Impact of Nebular Evolution on Volatile Depletion Trends Observed in Differentiated Objects" (PDF). 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ Haghighipour, Nader; Scott, Edward R. D. (20 April 2012). "On the Effect of Giant Planets on the Scattering of Parent Bodies of Iron Meteorite from the Terrestrial Planet Region into the Asteroid Belt: A Concept Study". The Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 113. arXiv:1202.2975. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..113H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/113.
- ^ Moskovitz, Nicholas; Eric Gaidos (2011). "Differentiation of Planetesimals and the Thermal Consequences of Melt Migration". Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 46 (6): 903–918. arXiv:1101.4165. Bibcode:2011M&PS...46..903M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01201.x.
- ^ Moskovitz, Nicholas A.; Walker, Richard J. (31 July 2011). "Size of the group IVA iron meteorite core: Constraints from the age and composition of Muonionalusta". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 308 (3–4): 410–416. arXiv:1106.2479. Bibcode:2011E&PSL.308..410M. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.06.010.
- ^ a b "Meteoritical Bulletin Database". Meteoritical Society. Retrieved 17 December 2012.