Hưng Hóa was a former province of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty that located the region what is present-day northwest Vietnam. Its capital was the citadel of Hưng Hóa. The province was taken by French troops commanded by Brière de l'Isle in 1884 from Chinese mercenary Black Flags.
Before the 15th century, the Black River basin was the homeland of various hill polities and ethnic groups, such as Muang Then and Ngưu Hống of Tai Dam people. Among them, Ngưu Hống was a Vietnamese tributary state. In 1416, the Chinese Ming dynasty annexed Ngưu Hống. In 1431 the Vietnamese king Lê Lợi subdued them and captured the Muang Le leader Đèo Cát Hãn, who submitted as a vassal. Since then, the Đèo clan of White Tai had maintained themselves as the autonomous head of counties (tri châu) of Hưng Hóa region (Vietnamese collective designation for the whole region). They also paid tribute to neighbouring China, Burma, and Luang Phabang.
The Vietnamese tightened their control over Hưng Hóa in the eighteenth century. Both the heads of counties (châu) and districts (huyện) were held by Kinh (Vietnamese) mandarins tri châu and tri huyện. Hưng Hóa was divided into 44 châu and 163 huyện.[1]
Reorganizationedit
At the time when the Nguyễn dynasty was established in 1802, Hưng Hóa was categorised as a trấn (protectorate). In 1830, Hưng Hóa was reorganised as a province with following districts:
The Deos continued to pay annual tribute to the Hue court to assert their semi-autonomous status while also paying tribute to the Thai court via Laotian kingdoms. The headquarters of the Deos were relocated to Lai Châu. Around 1840s, Deo lord Đèo Văn Trị saw the Hmong people from China migrated and settled on his lands in Lai Châu.[2] When the Yellow Flags from China attacked in 1872, the Deos successfully resisted the invaders and were rewarded by Vietnamese emperor Tu Duc. Deo Van Seng was rewarded as the tri châu of Ninh Biên district, while his son Đèo Văn Trị was appointed as the tri châu of Lai Châu district.[3] French forces took Hưng Hóa in April 1884. The province therefore had been reorganised many times by French administration from 1887 to 1900. Finally, the last remnant of Hưng Hóa was absorbed by the new Phú Thọ province in 1903.
Lee, Mai Na M. (2015). Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom: The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina, 1850–1960. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN978-0-299-29884-5.
Culas, Christian (2009), "Chapter 8: The ethnonyms of the Hmong in Vietnam: Early history (1856-1924) and practical epistemology", in Culas, Christian; Robinne, François (eds.), Inter-Ethnic Dynamics in Asia: Considering the Other Through Ethnonyms, Territories and Rituals, Taylor & Francis, pp. 13–42, ISBN978-1-78238-214-0
January 01, 1970
hưng, hóa, province, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, august, 2021, learn, when, remove, this, message, hưng, h. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message Hưng Hoa was a former province of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty that located the region what is present day northwest Vietnam Its capital was the citadel of Hưng Hoa The province was taken by French troops commanded by Briere de l Isle in 1884 from Chinese mercenary Black Flags Tỉnh Hưng Hoa 省興化 Province of the Nguyễn dynasty and the French protectorate of Tonkin French Indochina1830 1903Great Seal of the Tổng đốc of Sơn Hưng TuyenHưng Hoa province in 1891CapitalHưng HoaHistory Established1830 Disestablished1903Preceded by Succeeded by Hưng Hoa region Sip Song Chau Tai Chợ Bờ province 4th Military Territory Lao Cai province Lai Chau province Phu Thọ provinceToday part ofVietnam Contents 1 Background 2 Reorganization 3 Notes 4 ReferencesBackground editBefore the 15th century the Black River basin was the homeland of various hill polities and ethnic groups such as Muang Then and Ngưu Hống of Tai Dam people Among them Ngưu Hống was a Vietnamese tributary state In 1416 the Chinese Ming dynasty annexed Ngưu Hống In 1431 the Vietnamese king Le Lợi subdued them and captured the Muang Le leader Đeo Cat Han who submitted as a vassal Since then the Đeo clan of White Tai had maintained themselves as the autonomous head of counties tri chau of Hưng Hoa region Vietnamese collective designation for the whole region They also paid tribute to neighbouring China Burma and Luang Phabang The Vietnamese tightened their control over Hưng Hoa in the eighteenth century Both the heads of counties chau and districts huyện were held by Kinh Vietnamese mandarins tri chau and tri huyện Hưng Hoa was divided into 44 chau and 163 huyện 1 Reorganization editAt the time when the Nguyễn dynasty was established in 1802 Hưng Hoa was categorised as a trấn protectorate In 1830 Hưng Hoa was reorganised as a province with following districts Tam Nong District Thanh Sơn Thanh Thủy Mai Chau Đa Bắc Phu Yen Mộc Chau Yen Chau Mai Sơn Sơn La Thuận Chau Quỳnh Nhai Tủa Chua Tuần Giao Lai Chau Ninh Bien Yen Lập Văn Chấn Trấn Yen Văn Ban Chieu Tấn Thủy Vĩ The Deos continued to pay annual tribute to the Hue court to assert their semi autonomous status while also paying tribute to the Thai court via Laotian kingdoms The headquarters of the Deos were relocated to Lai Chau Around 1840s Deo lord Đeo Văn Trị saw the Hmong people from China migrated and settled on his lands in Lai Chau 2 When the Yellow Flags from China attacked in 1872 the Deos successfully resisted the invaders and were rewarded by Vietnamese emperor Tu Duc Deo Van Seng was rewarded as the tri chau of Ninh Bien district while his son Đeo Văn Trị was appointed as the tri chau of Lai Chau district 3 French forces took Hưng Hoa in April 1884 The province therefore had been reorganised many times by French administration from 1887 to 1900 Finally the last remnant of Hưng Hoa was absorbed by the new Phu Thọ province in 1903 Notes edit Lee 2015 p 71 Culas 2009 p 17 Lee 2015 p 72 References editLee Mai Na M 2015 Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina 1850 1960 University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 978 0 299 29884 5 Culas Christian 2009 Chapter 8 The ethnonyms of the Hmong in Vietnam Early history 1856 1924 and practical epistemology in Culas Christian Robinne Francois eds Inter Ethnic Dynamics in Asia Considering the Other Through Ethnonyms Territories and Rituals Taylor amp Francis pp 13 42 ISBN 978 1 78238 214 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hưng Hoa province amp oldid 1157845256, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
