The Hølen Viaduct (Norwegian: Hølen viadukt) is a disused iron railway viaduct situated at Hølen in Akershus county, Norway. The iron carried a single track of the Østfold Line over the river Såna and the valley where the village of Hølen is located. The viaduct was the first pendulum pillar bridge in the world, and was designed by the principle's inventor, Axel Jacob Petersson. It is 130.6 meters (428 ft) long.
The viaduct was built as part of the Østfold Line and opened on 2 January 1879. It was structurally strengthened through a pillar replacement program in 1914. From 1931 Hobøl Station was situated on its north end. A new section of Østfold Line opened on 21 September 1996, resulting in the viaduct and the old line being closed. Hølen Viaduct is still standing, but not in use.
The Hølen Viaduct is an iron pendulum pillar bridge which crosses Såna. It is 130.6 meters (428 ft) long and consists of fourteen spans supported by thirteen pillars. Two spans measure 8.9 meters (29 ft), while twelve measure 9.4 meters (31 ft).[1] The bridge carried the single-tracked Østfold Line's and was situated 46.90 kilometers (29.14 mi) from Oslo Central Station.[2] The entire viaduct was built on a curve with a curve radius of 470 meters (1,540 ft).[1]
Historyedit
The viaduct seen from below
The Østfold Line was the first railway in Norway to use iron as the main construction material for its bridges. This allowed the line to be built with several larger viaducts, the most prominent being the Ljan Viaduct. The design was placed under the construction- and bridgeoffice, which was led by Axel Jacob Petersson. During the design process, he devised the pendulum pillar principle. This method allowed for smaller pillars which could be prefabricated and then mounted easily at the site, reducing costs significantly.[3] The lower costs allowed for several viaducts to be built, which again allowed for less gradients, as embankments would be prohibitively expensive.[4]
Petersson first designed the Ljan Viaduct and the Sarpsfossen Bridge, neither which used the pendulum pillar process as these were too far into the design process when he reached his breakthrough. Instead it was the later Hølen and Rolfsøsund Viaducts which were designed with it.[5] The Hølen Viaduct is the first structure in the world to be built with the principle.[5][6] The Østfold Line opened on 2 January 1879.[7]
By the turn of the century it was becoming increasingly clear that higher train weights were needed on the Østfold Line. It was the main route south of the capital towards Continental Europe and had several heavy freight and fast passenger trains. The Norwegian State Railways determined that the line should, along with the Ofoten Line, have the highest weight dimensions on the network. A decision to strengthen all bridges was taken in 1910. [8] The breakout of the First World War caused a delay of the plan at large, although the Hølen Viaduct was prioritized and strengthened in 1914.[9] Because of the pendulum design, a mobile scaffolding was erected and allowed each pillar to be replaced in turn. This was much simpler than many of the other bridges on the line.[6]
The fastening of the pillar which allows its pendular motion
Hølen Station was established as a flag stop 170 meters (560 ft) north of the viaduct. It opened on 1931 and was in use until the section of line was closed.[2] The bridge was electrified on 1 September 1930.[7]
During the 1980s NSB started working on plans rebuild the Østfold Line between Ski Station and Moss Station. Originally the idea was to simply place a second track next to the first. But it soon became evident that the railway would be better served if a new route was selected, which allowed for higher speeds. Originally Kjenn Station north of Hobøl was proposed as the end of the double track, but NSB extended their plans. A new route was proposed between Rustad Station and Sonsveien Station which would place the line further west, avoiding the village of Hobøl. It would also allow the line to be built next to European Road E6. Construction was approved in 1989.[10] A major part structure on the segment past Hølen was Hølendalen Bridge, a concrete structure which replaces the original viaduct.[11]
With the new route the former line became disused. There was a discussion of what the line was to be used for. It was ultimately decided that the bridge would be kept as a cultural heritage. There were proposals to use the bridge as part of a bicycle path, which was opened June 2021.
Langård, Geir-Widar; Ruud, Leif-Harald (2005). Sydbaneracer og Skandiapil – Glimt fra Østfoldbanen gjennom 125 år (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norwegian Railway Club. ISBN978-82-90286-29-8.
Taugbøl, Trond (1998). Hølen – stedet med bruene (in Norwegian). Vestby Municipality.
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The Holen Viaduct Norwegian Holen viadukt is a disused iron railway viaduct situated at Holen in Akershus county Norway The iron carried a single track of the Ostfold Line over the river Sana and the valley where the village of Holen is located The viaduct was the first pendulum pillar bridge in the world and was designed by the principle s inventor Axel Jacob Petersson It is 130 6 meters 428 ft long Holen ViaductHolen viaduktCoordinates59 32 20 N 10 44 24 E 59 539 N 10 740 E 59 539 10 740CarriesOstfold LineCrossesSanaLocaleHolen Vestby NorwayCharacteristicsMaterialIronTotal length130 6 m 428 ft Longest span9 4 m 31 ft No of spans14HistoryDesignerAxel PeterssonOpened2 January 1879 1879 01 02 Closed21 September 1996Replaced byHolendalen BridgeLocation The viaduct was built as part of the Ostfold Line and opened on 2 January 1879 It was structurally strengthened through a pillar replacement program in 1914 From 1931 Hobol Station was situated on its north end A new section of Ostfold Line opened on 21 September 1996 resulting in the viaduct and the old line being closed Holen Viaduct is still standing but not in use Contents 1 Specifications 2 History 3 References 4 BibliographySpecifications editThe Holen Viaduct is an iron pendulum pillar bridge which crosses Sana It is 130 6 meters 428 ft long and consists of fourteen spans supported by thirteen pillars Two spans measure 8 9 meters 29 ft while twelve measure 9 4 meters 31 ft 1 The bridge carried the single tracked Ostfold Line s and was situated 46 90 kilometers 29 14 mi from Oslo Central Station 2 The entire viaduct was built on a curve with a curve radius of 470 meters 1 540 ft 1 History edit nbsp The viaduct seen from below The Ostfold Line was the first railway in Norway to use iron as the main construction material for its bridges This allowed the line to be built with several larger viaducts the most prominent being the Ljan Viaduct The design was placed under the construction and bridgeoffice which was led by Axel Jacob Petersson During the design process he devised the pendulum pillar principle This method allowed for smaller pillars which could be prefabricated and then mounted easily at the site reducing costs significantly 3 The lower costs allowed for several viaducts to be built which again allowed for less gradients as embankments would be prohibitively expensive 4 Petersson first designed the Ljan Viaduct and the Sarpsfossen Bridge neither which used the pendulum pillar process as these were too far into the design process when he reached his breakthrough Instead it was the later Holen and Rolfsosund Viaducts which were designed with it 5 The Holen Viaduct is the first structure in the world to be built with the principle 5 6 The Ostfold Line opened on 2 January 1879 7 By the turn of the century it was becoming increasingly clear that higher train weights were needed on the Ostfold Line It was the main route south of the capital towards Continental Europe and had several heavy freight and fast passenger trains The Norwegian State Railways determined that the line should along with the Ofoten Line have the highest weight dimensions on the network A decision to strengthen all bridges was taken in 1910 8 The breakout of the First World War caused a delay of the plan at large although the Holen Viaduct was prioritized and strengthened in 1914 9 Because of the pendulum design a mobile scaffolding was erected and allowed each pillar to be replaced in turn This was much simpler than many of the other bridges on the line 6 nbsp The fastening of the pillar which allows its pendular motion Holen Station was established as a flag stop 170 meters 560 ft north of the viaduct It opened on 1931 and was in use until the section of line was closed 2 The bridge was electrified on 1 September 1930 7 During the 1980s NSB started working on plans rebuild the Ostfold Line between Ski Station and Moss Station Originally the idea was to simply place a second track next to the first But it soon became evident that the railway would be better served if a new route was selected which allowed for higher speeds Originally Kjenn Station north of Hobol was proposed as the end of the double track but NSB extended their plans A new route was proposed between Rustad Station and Sonsveien Station which would place the line further west avoiding the village of Hobol It would also allow the line to be built next to European Road E6 Construction was approved in 1989 10 A major part structure on the segment past Holen was Holendalen Bridge a concrete structure which replaces the original viaduct 11 With the new route the former line became disused There was a discussion of what the line was to be used for It was ultimately decided that the bridge would be kept as a cultural heritage There were proposals to use the bridge as part of a bicycle path which was opened June 2021 References edit a b Taugbol 17 a b Bjerke amp Holom 42 Langard amp Ruud 30 Langard amp Ruud 31 a b Langard amp Ruud 32 a b Taugbol 16 a b Bjerke amp Holom 37 Langard amp Ruud 93 Langard amp Ruud 94 Langard amp Ruud 185 Langard amp Ruud 187Bibliography edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Holen viadukt Bjerke Thor Holom Finn 2004 Banedata 2004 in Norwegian Hamar Oslo Norwegian Railway Museum Norwegian Railway Club ISBN 82 90286 28 7 Langard Geir Widar Ruud Leif Harald 2005 Sydbaneracer og Skandiapil Glimt fra Ostfoldbanen gjennom 125 ar in Norwegian Oslo Norwegian Railway Club ISBN 978 82 90286 29 8 Taugbol Trond 1998 Holen stedet med bruene in Norwegian Vestby Municipality Portals nbsp Trains nbsp Norway Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Holen Viaduct amp oldid 1206325499, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
