Hélène Bruhl was born on 26 August 1889 to an upper middle-class Jewish family in Chatou. She was the niece of Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, an influential French anthropologist. Her father insisted that she and her sister stop their studies after only three years at university.[2] In 1912, she obtained a diploma in crystallography. She married in 1914, and was widowed only a few months afterwards, after which she returned to research.[2]
Research and writingedit
In 1918, Metgzer submitted a thesis on the emergence of the science of crystals. During the 1920s and 30s, she published six books on the history of chemistry in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, whilst supporting herself on the money from her dowry.[2]
Bibliographyedit
La genèse de la science des cristaux (1918)
Les doctrines chimiques en France du début du XVIIe à la fin du XVIIIe siècle (1923)
Les Concepts scientifiques (1926)
Newton, Stahl, Boerhaave et la doctrine chimique (1930)
La chimie (1930)
La Philosophie de la matière chez Lavoisier (1935)
Attraction universelle et religion naturelle chez quelques commentateurs anglais de Newton (1938)
La Science, l'appel de la religion et la volonté humaine (1954)
La Méthode philosophique en histoire des sciences(1987) (ed. Gad Freudenthal)
"Extraits de lettres, 1921–1944," in Gad Freudenthal Études sur / Studies on Hélène Metzger (1990), pp. 247–269.
Death and legacyedit
Metgzer became a victim of the Holocaust because of her Jewish background. When France was occupied by the Nazis in the 1940s, Metzger initially stayed in Paris before moving to Lyon, which was part of the so-called "free zone", in late 1941.[2] She refused to go into hiding and was arrested by the Gestapo on 8 February 1944. She was then deported from Drancy to Auschwitz concentration camp on 7 March 1944, and was murdered either during travel or upon arrival.[2]
Metzger's work was not always recognised during her lifetime and she never held an academic position, but she is one of the few prewar French historians of science whose work is widely read today.[2] Because of her early death, her oeuvre is limited in size, but has nonetheless been influential. She published nine books, thirty-six articles and numerous reviews.[3] Contemporaries such as Gaston Bachelard and Émile Meyerson referred often to her works and also Thomas Kuhn, in the introduction of his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) referred to her as one of his main inspirations.
Referencesedit
^Freudenthal, Gad (1 March 2009). "Hélène Metzger 1889 – 1944". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive.
^ abcdefChimisso, Cristina; Freudenthal, Gad (September 2003). "A Mind of Her Own: Hélène Metzger to Émile Meyerson, 1933" (PDF). Isis. 94 (3): 477–491. doi:10.1086/380655. ISSN 0021-1753. PMID 14626765.
^Bowden, Mary Ellen (1990). "Gad Freudenthal, Études sur / Studies on Hélène Metzger (review)". The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry News. 7 (2): 12.
Sourcesedit
Bensaude-Vincent, B., 'Chemistry in the French tradition of philosophy of science: Duhem, Meyerson, Metzger and Bachelard,' Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 36, 2005, pp. 627–648.
Chimisso, C., 'Hélène Metzger: The History of Science between the Study of Mentalities and Total History,' Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 32, 2001, pp. 203–241.
Chimisso, C., Writing the History of the Mind - Philosophy and Science in France, 1900 to 1960s, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2008.
Chimisso, C. & Freudenthal, G., 'A Mind of Her Own. Hélène Metzger to Émile Meyerson, 1933', Isis, 94, 2003, pp. 477–491.
Freudenthal, G. (ed.) Études sur / Studies on Hélène Metzger, Leiden, Brill, 1990.
May 01, 2024
hélène, metzger, august, 1889, march, 1944, french, philosopher, science, historian, science, writings, focused, mainly, history, chemistry, murdered, holocaust, bornhélène, bruhl26, august, 1889chatoudied7, march, 1944, 1944, aged, auschwitznationalityfrenchs. Helene Metzger 26 August 1889 7 March 1944 was a French philosopher of science and historian of science 1 In her writings she focused mainly on the history of chemistry She was murdered in the Holocaust Helene MetzgerBornHelene Bruhl26 August 1889ChatouDied7 March 1944 1944 03 08 aged 54 On the way to AuschwitzNationalityFrenchScientific careerFieldsPhilosophy history of science Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Research and writing 2 1 Bibliography 3 Death and legacy 4 References 5 SourcesEarly life and education editHelene Bruhl was born on 26 August 1889 to an upper middle class Jewish family in Chatou She was the niece of Lucien Levy Bruhl an influential French anthropologist Her father insisted that she and her sister stop their studies after only three years at university 2 In 1912 she obtained a diploma in crystallography She married in 1914 and was widowed only a few months afterwards after which she returned to research 2 Research and writing editIn 1918 Metgzer submitted a thesis on the emergence of the science of crystals During the 1920s and 30s she published six books on the history of chemistry in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries whilst supporting herself on the money from her dowry 2 Bibliography edit La genese de la science des cristaux 1918 Les doctrines chimiques en France du debut du XVIIe a la fin du XVIIIe siecle 1923 Les Concepts scientifiques 1926 Newton Stahl Boerhaave et la doctrine chimique 1930 La chimie 1930 La Philosophie de la matiere chez Lavoisier 1935 Attraction universelle et religion naturelle chez quelques commentateurs anglais de Newton 1938 La Science l appel de la religion et la volonte humaine 1954 La Methode philosophique en histoire des sciences 1987 ed Gad Freudenthal Extraits de lettres 1921 1944 in Gad Freudenthal Etudes sur Studies on Helene Metzger 1990 pp 247 269 Death and legacy editMetgzer became a victim of the Holocaust because of her Jewish background When France was occupied by the Nazis in the 1940s Metzger initially stayed in Paris before moving to Lyon which was part of the so called free zone in late 1941 2 She refused to go into hiding and was arrested by the Gestapo on 8 February 1944 She was then deported from Drancy to Auschwitz concentration camp on 7 March 1944 and was murdered either during travel or upon arrival 2 Metzger s work was not always recognised during her lifetime and she never held an academic position but she is one of the few prewar French historians of science whose work is widely read today 2 Because of her early death her oeuvre is limited in size but has nonetheless been influential She published nine books thirty six articles and numerous reviews 3 Contemporaries such as Gaston Bachelard and Emile Meyerson referred often to her works and also Thomas Kuhn in the introduction of his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 1962 referred to her as one of his main inspirations References edit Freudenthal Gad 1 March 2009 Helene Metzger 1889 1944 Jewish Women A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia Jewish Women s Archive a b c d e f Chimisso Cristina Freudenthal Gad September 2003 A Mind of Her Own Helene Metzger to Emile Meyerson 1933 PDF Isis 94 3 477 491 doi 10 1086 380655 ISSN 0021 1753 PMID 14626765 Bowden Mary Ellen 1990 Gad Freudenthal Etudes sur Studies on Helene Metzger review The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry News 7 2 12 Sources editBensaude Vincent B Chemistry in the French tradition of philosophy of science Duhem Meyerson Metzger and Bachelard Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 36 2005 pp 627 648 Chimisso C Helene Metzger The History of Science between the Study of Mentalities and Total History Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 32 2001 pp 203 241 Chimisso C Writing the History of the Mind Philosophy and Science in France 1900 to 1960s Aldershot Ashgate 2008 Chimisso C amp Freudenthal G A Mind of Her Own Helene Metzger to Emile Meyerson 1933 Isis 94 2003 pp 477 491 Freudenthal G ed Etudes sur Studies on Helene Metzger Leiden Brill 1990 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Helene Metzger amp oldid 1218522619, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
