A hypothetical star is a star, or type of star, that is speculated to exist but has yet to be definitively observed. Hypothetical types of stars have been conjectured to exist, have existed or will exist in the future universe.
The final state for a star, like the Sun, that is too small to become either a black hole or a neutron star. It would take a star like the Sun roughly a quadrillion years to reach this state, so none are believed to exist today.
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The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence.
A very low-mass star with a surface temperature of only around 300 kelvins that could form in the far future, when the metallicity of the interstellar medium is higher than the current value.
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The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence.
A star where the energy density is around the Planck density. The star will start to expand as soon as its density reaches the Planck constant. To the black hole, it expands instantly, but to the outside world, it takes eons to expand even the slightest.
The very earliest stars, virtually free of metals, believed to have existed in the early universe when the only common elements were primordial hydrogen and helium.
The polar opposite of a black hole, it ejects matter from its core into space. It is hypothetically formed when a region around a black hole experiences a loss in entropy, and will immediately collapse when the entropy is restored. The loss of entropy allows the black hole to travel back in time, so it will continue to suck matter up into its event horizon, but once something goes into the event horizon of a white hole, space-time is so distorted that it will always lead you to outside the event horizon, even if you try to go to the singularity.
^""Extremely short, sharp flash of radio waves from unknown source in the universe, caught as it was happening"". 2015-01-19.
^Beech, Martin (2019-03-28). Introducing the Stars: Formation, Structure and Evolution. Springer. p. 166. ISBN9783030117047.
^Zhao, Xian-Feng (2017). "Can the massive neutron star PSR J0348+0432 be a hyperon star?". Acta Physica Polonica B. 48 (2): 171. arXiv:1712.08870. doi:10.5506/APhysPolB.48.171. ISSN 0587-4254. S2CID 119207371.
^Zhao, Xian-Feng (2017-12-23). "The hyperons in the massive neutron star PSR J0348+0432". Chinese Journal of Physics. 53 (4): 221–234. arXiv:1712.08854. doi:10.6122/CJP.20150601D.
^K. Brecher; "Gray Holes", American Astronomical Society, 182nd AAS Meeting, #55.07; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 25, p.89, May 1993, Bibcode:1993AAS...182.5507B
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This article is about scientifically accepted hypothetical star types For stars in religion see Stars proposed in religion For other hypothetical astronomical objects see Hypothetical astronomical object A hypothetical star is a star or type of star that is speculated to exist but has yet to be definitively observed Hypothetical types of stars have been conjectured to exist have existed or will exist in the future universe Contents 1 Types 2 Specific stars 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingTypes editScientifically speculated hypothetical types include Type Description Candidates Notes RefsBlitzar Pulsar with enough mass to suddenly collapse into a black hole when the rotation speed slows 1 Blue dwarf Conjectured to develop after a red dwarf has exhausted most of its hydrogen The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence Black dwarf The final state for a star like the Sun that is too small to become either a black hole or a neutron star It would take a star like the Sun roughly a quadrillion years to reach this state so none are believed to exist today The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence Black star A star predicted in semiclassical gravity which collapses into a black hole state but has neither a gravitational singularity nor an event horizon noneBoson star A star or astronomical object made of bosons such as photons or gluons rather than conventional matter noneDark energy star A conjectured alternative to a black hole noneDark matter star Conjectured to have existed early in the universe JADES GS z13 0 JADES GS z12 0 and JADES GS z11 0Dark star A theoretical construct based on Newtonian gravitation of a star with gravity so strong that even light cannot escape This form cannot exist as Newtonian gravitation breaks down under these conditions It is a disproved hypothesisElectroweak star A star where gravitational collapse is prevented by radiation pressure resulting from electroweak burning In this type of star quarks are converted to leptons via the electroweak interaction The core of the star would be hand sized containing perhaps two earth masses and might follow from the collapse of a quark star noneFrozen star A very low mass star with a surface temperature of only around 300 kelvins that could form in the far future when the metallicity of the interstellar medium is higher than the current value The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence 2 Fuzzball A formulation of black holes in string theory noneGravastar An alternative to a black hole that denies the possibility of a singularity noneHyperon star A massive neutron star containing hyperons PSR J0348 0432 3 4 Iron star A final state for a star in the far future 101500 years of the universe when all matter is transmuted to iron via quantum tunneling The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object A hypothetical alternative to black holes Q0957 561Planck star A star where the energy density is around the Planck density The star will start to expand as soon as its density reaches the Planck constant To the black hole it expands instantly but to the outside world it takes eons to expand even the slightest nonePopulation III star The very earliest stars virtually free of metals believed to have existed in the early universe when the only common elements were primordial hydrogen and helium nonePreon star A star with a core composed of preons noneQ star grey hole A compact heavy neutron star with an exotic state of matter where most light does not escape the star V404 Cygni 5 Quark star Star composed of quark matter or strange matter 3C 58 PSR B0943 10 XTE J1739 285Quasi star A conjectured star from the early universe with a black hole at its center none The universe is too old for this object to come into existence Strange star A form of quark star a neutron star with strange matter at its core or star which is a ball of strange matter noneThorne Zytkow object A red giant or red supergiant whose core is a neutron star HV 11417White hole The polar opposite of a black hole it ejects matter from its core into space It is hypothetically formed when a region around a black hole experiences a loss in entropy and will immediately collapse when the entropy is restored The loss of entropy allows the black hole to travel back in time so it will continue to suck matter up into its event horizon but once something goes into the event horizon of a white hole space time is so distorted that it will always lead you to outside the event horizon even if you try to go to the singularity GRB 060614Specific stars editSpecific hypothetical stars include Star Description Notes RefsNemesis a star proposed as a companion to the Sun by Richard A Muller in 19843 Cassiopeiae a star recorded by astronomer John Flamsteed but never seen again34 Tauri a star recorded by John Flamsteed later revealed to have been the planet UranusSee also editHypothetical astronomical objectReferences edit Extremely short sharp flash of radio waves from unknown source in the universe caught as it was happening 2015 01 19 Beech Martin 2019 03 28 Introducing the Stars Formation Structure and Evolution Springer p 166 ISBN 9783030117047 Zhao Xian Feng 2017 Can the massive neutron star PSR J0348 0432 be a hyperon star Acta Physica Polonica B 48 2 171 arXiv 1712 08870 doi 10 5506 APhysPolB 48 171 ISSN 0587 4254 S2CID 119207371 Zhao Xian Feng 2017 12 23 The hyperons in the massive neutron star PSR J0348 0432 Chinese Journal of Physics 53 4 221 234 arXiv 1712 08854 doi 10 6122 CJP 20150601D K Brecher Gray Holes American Astronomical Society 182nd AAS Meeting 55 07 Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Vol 25 p 89 May 1993 Bibcode 1993AAS 182 5507BFurther reading editSchunck F E and E W Mielke General relativistic boson stars Class Quantum Grav Vol 20 R301 R356 2003 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hypothetical 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