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Hurricane Allison (1995)

January 01, 1970

Hurricane Allison was the first named storm and first hurricane of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. It was an early season hurricane that delivered heavy rains and caused minor damage, primarily across Cuba, Florida and Georgia.

Hurricane Allison
Allison at peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico on June 4
Meteorological history
FormedJune 3, 1995
ExtratropicalJune 6, 1995
DissipatedJune 11, 1995
Category 1 hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds75 mph (120 km/h)
Lowest pressure987 mbar (hPa); 29.15 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities1 direct
Damage$1.7 million (1995 USD)
Areas affectedYucatán Peninsula, Western Cuba, Florida, Georgia, Carolinas, Atlantic Canada
IBTrACS
Part of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season

The storm developed on June 2, less than 48 hours after the official start of the hurricane season. It strengthened into a tropical storm early on June 3 and into a hurricane on June 4 in the Gulf of Mexico. It would make landfall in the Big Bend area of Florida on June 5 before tracking northward as an extratropical system. One death was reported in Cuba. Allison's early formation heralded the start of what would eventually become a very active 1995 hurricane season.

Meteorological history edit

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of the system can be traced to a tropical wave that moved across the eastern Caribbean in the last week of May. The wave gradually organized itself as it entered the western Caribbean Sea on June 1. The circulation continued to close up on June 2 and that evening it was declared Tropical Depression One while east of Honduras.[1]

The depression was in an unusually low-shear environment for early June as it began tracking northward,[2] which allowed the system to strengthen into Tropical Storm Allison on the morning of June 3 as it tracked into the Yucatán Channel. Despite the fact that westerly wind shear began to increase, the warm water allowed Allison to gradually strengthen more that afternoon and evening.[3] Late that evening, while between the Yucatán Peninsula and Cuba, Allison developed a circular central dense overcast and became a high-end tropical storm.[4] As the storm emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, the warm waters allowed Allison to strengthen further and it was upgraded to a hurricane on the morning of June 4 while travelling almost due north.[1]

Allison remained somewhat disorganized, as no eye was visible, even when Reconnaissance flights confirmed that it was at hurricane intensity.[5] The storm maintained itself as a minimal hurricane throughout the day on June 4 before it began to turn to the northeast, in response to southwesterly shear. Late that evening, the storm began to weaken, dropping back to tropical storm intensity as it approached the Florida Big Bend area. The intensity leveled off on June 5 until it made landfall that morning. Allison made its first landfall at about 10:00 am EDT (1400 UTC) near Alligator Point, Florida as a high-end tropical storm with 70 mph (110 km/h) winds. It briefly re-emerged over Apalachee Bay and made another landfall near St. Marks, Florida about one hour later with 65 mph (100 km/h) winds.[1] Operationally, Allison was considered a hurricane until it made landfall,[6] and was considered the earliest hurricane landfall in the United States for some time.[7]

After making its final Florida landfall, Allison rapidly weakened. Tropical storm force winds continued over the eastern Florida Panhandle until late that afternoon, as the storm moved northward into Georgia. It weakened to a tropical depression on the evening of June 5 over southern Georgia.[1] Early on June 6, Allison began to transition into an extratropical storm as it interacted with a warm front to the northeast while tracking across the Carolinas.[1] The remnant low emerged into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Cape Hatteras that evening. It then raced across the western Atlantic, crossing the easternmost part of Nova Scotia on June 8 and Newfoundland on June 9. It continued northward across the Labrador Sea, dissipating on June 11.[1]

Preparations edit

In anticipation of Allison, tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued in Cuba, Mexico, and Florida. At 09:00 UTC on June 3, the government of Cuba issued a tropical storm warning for the extreme western portions of the country.[8] Six hours later, the Mexican government issued a tropical storm warning from Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo, to Tizimín, Yucatán.[9] As Allison moved northward, watches and warnings were posted in Florida, beginning with a tropical storm warning for Dry Tortugas at 21:00 UTC on June 3.[10] At 09:00 UTC on the following day, the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch from Anclote Key to Pensacola.[11] The tropical storm watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning six hours later, simultaneous to a new tropical storm warning being issued from south of Anclote Key to Bonita Beach.[12]

On June 4, Florida governor Lawton Chiles declared a state of emergency for northern and central Gulf Coast counties of the state.[13] Mandatory evacuations were ordered for portions of Citrus,[14] Franklin, Jefferson, Liberty, Taylor, and Wakulla counties.[13] Approximately 2,700 people evacuated from the Gulf Coast of Florida. Although no mandatory evacuation was issued in Bay County, 555 people sought shelter anyway.[14] Throughout the Big Bend region of Florida, several county offices, courthouses, schools, and universities – including Florida A&M University, Florida State University, and Tallahassee Community College – closed for at least a partial or full day on June 5.[15]

Impact edit

 
Rainfall totals associated with Allison in the United States

Winds to tropical storm-force were reported throughout the western part of Cuba, with a peak gust of 64 mph (102 km/h) in Havana. Heavy rainfall of up to 18 inches (450 mm) was also reported in the area.[1] 32 houses were damaged or destroyed due to flooding that resulted. One person was killed in western Cuba and three others were injured. The overall economic loss as a result of the storm was reported to be fairly minor.[16]

In Florida, Allison's dangerous winds knocked down power lines, leaving 48,000 residents without power and/or telephone services. Along the 150-mile (240 km) stretch of Florida's Big Bend, 65 seaside homes were flooded and there was extensive beach erosion as a result of the storm surge. Three hotels and a restaurant were damaged. In Apalachicola, three fishing boats were swamped; the storm closed a bridge linking Apalachicola with St. George Island. The highest storm surge in Florida was about 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.5 m) in Wakulla and Dixie Counties, and 2 to 6 feet (0.6 to 1.8 m) to the east.[17] A tornado spawned by Allison touched down at Jacksonville Beach, causing minor damage when it downed power lines and flipped over vehicles. Minor crop damage was also reported. There were no deaths reported as a result of Allison in Florida. Damage was estimated at $860,000 in Florida, primarily as a result of the storm surge.[1]

Most of the damage in Georgia was as a result of several tornadoes related to Allison. The most significant of the tornadoes touched down in the town of St. Marys. An elementary school was destroyed and significant damage was also reported to several buildings at the Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base. Several other tornadoes also touched down but damage from them was minimal. Damage from the tornado was estimated at $800,000 (1995 USD).[1]

The remnants of Allison brought rainfall and elevated wind speeds to much of Atlantic Canada. The highest rainfall totals occurred in western Newfoundland, including a peak total of 5.2 inches (133 mm). Winds peaked at just under 42 mph (68 km/h) in Bonavista, while gusts reached just over 55 mph (89 km/h) at the same location. Little damage occurred in Canada.[18]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Richard Pasch (1996-01-26). "Preliminary Report: Hurricane Allison" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
  2. ^ Miles Lawrence (1995-06-02). "Tropical Depression One Discussion #1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
  3. ^ Edward Rappaport (1995-06-03). "Tropical Storm Allison Discussion #4". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
  4. ^ Miles Lawrence (1995-06-04). "Tropical Storm Allison Discussion #6". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
  5. ^ Richard Pasch (1995-06-05). "Hurricane Allison Discussion #10". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
  6. ^ Lixion Avila (1995-06-05). "Hurricane Allison Advisory 1A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
  7. ^ Steve Stone (1995-11-27). Virginian-Pilot. Archived from the original on 2004-12-23. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  8. ^ Lixon Avila (1995-06-03). "Tropical Depression One Advisory Number 3". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  9. ^ Edward Rappaport (1995-06-03). "Tropical Storm Allison Advisory Number 4". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  10. ^ Edward Rappaport (1995-06-03). "Tropical Storm Allison Advisory Number 5". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  11. ^ Max Mayfield (1995-06-04). "Tropical Storm Allison Advisory Number 7". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  12. ^ Max Mayfield (1995-06-04). "Hurricane Allison Advisory Number 8". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  13. ^ a b "Hurricane Allison bears down on the Panhandle". Florida Today. Associated Press. 1995-06-05. p. 2A. Retrieved 2019-11-21 – via Newspapers.com.  
  14. ^ a b Chuck Murphy; Monica Davey; Amy Ellis; Lucy Morgan; Diane Rado; Jim Ross (1995-06-06). "Allison". Tampa Bay Times. p. 4A. Retrieved 2019-11-21 – via Newspapers.com.  
  15. ^ "What's Closed Today". Tallahassee Democrat. 1995-06-05. p. 1A. Retrieved 2019-11-21 – via Newspapers.com.  
  16. ^ http://www.11alive.com/weather/hurricane/hurricane_article.asp?storyid=34119[permanent dead link]
  17. ^ National Climatic Data Center (1995). "NCDC: Event Details". NOAA. Retrieved 2006-12-19.
  18. ^ . Environment Canada. 2010-09-14. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2019-11-17.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Allison (1995).
  • Hurricane Allison
  • Hurricane Allison Track (Unisys)
  • Hurricane Allison (NOAA)

January 01, 1970
hurricane, allison, 1995, hurricane, allison, first, named, storm, first, hurricane, 1995, atlantic, hurricane, season, early, season, hurricane, that, delivered, heavy, rains, caused, minor, damage, primarily, across, cuba, florida, georgia, hurricane, alliso. Hurricane Allison was the first named storm and first hurricane of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season It was an early season hurricane that delivered heavy rains and caused minor damage primarily across Cuba Florida and Georgia Hurricane Allison Allison at peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico on June 4Meteorological historyFormedJune 3 1995ExtratropicalJune 6 1995DissipatedJune 11 1995Category 1 hurricane1 minute sustained SSHWS NWS Highest winds75 mph 120 km h Lowest pressure987 mbar hPa 29 15 inHgOverall effectsFatalities1 directDamage 1 7 million 1995 USD Areas affectedYucatan Peninsula Western Cuba Florida Georgia Carolinas Atlantic CanadaIBTrACSPart of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season The storm developed on June 2 less than 48 hours after the official start of the hurricane season It strengthened into a tropical storm early on June 3 and into a hurricane on June 4 in the Gulf of Mexico It would make landfall in the Big Bend area of Florida on June 5 before tracking northward as an extratropical system One death was reported in Cuba Allison s early formation heralded the start of what would eventually become a very active 1995 hurricane season Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 3 Impact 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksMeteorological history edit nbsp Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type nbsp Tropical cyclone nbsp Subtropical cyclone nbsp Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depression The origins of the system can be traced to a tropical wave that moved across the eastern Caribbean in the last week of May The wave gradually organized itself as it entered the western Caribbean Sea on June 1 The circulation continued to close up on June 2 and that evening it was declared Tropical Depression One while east of Honduras 1 The depression was in an unusually low shear environment for early June as it began tracking northward 2 which allowed the system to strengthen into Tropical Storm Allison on the morning of June 3 as it tracked into the Yucatan Channel Despite the fact that westerly wind shear began to increase the warm water allowed Allison to gradually strengthen more that afternoon and evening 3 Late that evening while between the Yucatan Peninsula and Cuba Allison developed a circular central dense overcast and became a high end tropical storm 4 As the storm emerged into the Gulf of Mexico the warm waters allowed Allison to strengthen further and it was upgraded to a hurricane on the morning of June 4 while travelling almost due north 1 Allison remained somewhat disorganized as no eye was visible even when Reconnaissance flights confirmed that it was at hurricane intensity 5 The storm maintained itself as a minimal hurricane throughout the day on June 4 before it began to turn to the northeast in response to southwesterly shear Late that evening the storm began to weaken dropping back to tropical storm intensity as it approached the Florida Big Bend area The intensity leveled off on June 5 until it made landfall that morning Allison made its first landfall at about 10 00 am EDT 1400 UTC near Alligator Point Florida as a high end tropical storm with 70 mph 110 km h winds It briefly re emerged over Apalachee Bay and made another landfall near St Marks Florida about one hour later with 65 mph 100 km h winds 1 Operationally Allison was considered a hurricane until it made landfall 6 and was considered the earliest hurricane landfall in the United States for some time 7 After making its final Florida landfall Allison rapidly weakened Tropical storm force winds continued over the eastern Florida Panhandle until late that afternoon as the storm moved northward into Georgia It weakened to a tropical depression on the evening of June 5 over southern Georgia 1 Early on June 6 Allison began to transition into an extratropical storm as it interacted with a warm front to the northeast while tracking across the Carolinas 1 The remnant low emerged into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Cape Hatteras that evening It then raced across the western Atlantic crossing the easternmost part of Nova Scotia on June 8 and Newfoundland on June 9 It continued northward across the Labrador Sea dissipating on June 11 1 Preparations editIn anticipation of Allison tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued in Cuba Mexico and Florida At 09 00 UTC on June 3 the government of Cuba issued a tropical storm warning for the extreme western portions of the country 8 Six hours later the Mexican government issued a tropical storm warning from Felipe Carrillo Puerto Quintana Roo to Tizimin Yucatan 9 As Allison moved northward watches and warnings were posted in Florida beginning with a tropical storm warning for Dry Tortugas at 21 00 UTC on June 3 10 At 09 00 UTC on the following day the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch from Anclote Key to Pensacola 11 The tropical storm watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning six hours later simultaneous to a new tropical storm warning being issued from south of Anclote Key to Bonita Beach 12 On June 4 Florida governor Lawton Chiles declared a state of emergency for northern and central Gulf Coast counties of the state 13 Mandatory evacuations were ordered for portions of Citrus 14 Franklin Jefferson Liberty Taylor and Wakulla counties 13 Approximately 2 700 people evacuated from the Gulf Coast of Florida Although no mandatory evacuation was issued in Bay County 555 people sought shelter anyway 14 Throughout the Big Bend region of Florida several county offices courthouses schools and universities including Florida A amp M University Florida State University and Tallahassee Community College closed for at least a partial or full day on June 5 15 Impact edit nbsp Rainfall totals associated with Allison in the United States Winds to tropical storm force were reported throughout the western part of Cuba with a peak gust of 64 mph 102 km h in Havana Heavy rainfall of up to 18 inches 450 mm was also reported in the area 1 32 houses were damaged or destroyed due to flooding that resulted One person was killed in western Cuba and three others were injured The overall economic loss as a result of the storm was reported to be fairly minor 16 In Florida Allison s dangerous winds knocked down power lines leaving 48 000 residents without power and or telephone services Along the 150 mile 240 km stretch of Florida s Big Bend 65 seaside homes were flooded and there was extensive beach erosion as a result of the storm surge Three hotels and a restaurant were damaged In Apalachicola three fishing boats were swamped the storm closed a bridge linking Apalachicola with St George Island The highest storm surge in Florida was about 6 to 8 feet 1 8 to 2 5 m in Wakulla and Dixie Counties and 2 to 6 feet 0 6 to 1 8 m to the east 17 A tornado spawned by Allison touched down at Jacksonville Beach causing minor damage when it downed power lines and flipped over vehicles Minor crop damage was also reported There were no deaths reported as a result of Allison in Florida Damage was estimated at 860 000 in Florida primarily as a result of the storm surge 1 Most of the damage in Georgia was as a result of several tornadoes related to Allison The most significant of the tornadoes touched down in the town of St Marys An elementary school was destroyed and significant damage was also reported to several buildings at the Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base Several other tornadoes also touched down but damage from them was minimal Damage from the tornado was estimated at 800 000 1995 USD 1 The remnants of Allison brought rainfall and elevated wind speeds to much of Atlantic Canada The highest rainfall totals occurred in western Newfoundland including a peak total of 5 2 inches 133 mm Winds peaked at just under 42 mph 68 km h in Bonavista while gusts reached just over 55 mph 89 km h at the same location Little damage occurred in Canada 18 See also edit nbsp Tropical cyclones portal List of tropical storms named Allison Timeline of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season List of North Carolina hurricanes 1980 1999 References edit a b c d e f g h i Richard Pasch 1996 01 26 Preliminary Report Hurricane Allison PDF National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2016 11 29 Miles Lawrence 1995 06 02 Tropical Depression One Discussion 1 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2011 11 15 Edward Rappaport 1995 06 03 Tropical Storm Allison Discussion 4 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2011 11 15 Miles Lawrence 1995 06 04 Tropical Storm Allison Discussion 6 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2011 11 15 Richard Pasch 1995 06 05 Hurricane Allison Discussion 10 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2011 11 15 Lixion Avila 1995 06 05 Hurricane Allison Advisory 1A National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2011 11 15 Steve Stone 1995 11 27 Hampton Roads Escaped Unscathed in Busiest Hurricane Season Since 1933 Virginian Pilot Archived from the original on 2004 12 23 Retrieved 2006 12 08 Lixon Avila 1995 06 03 Tropical Depression One Advisory Number 3 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2019 11 21 Edward Rappaport 1995 06 03 Tropical Storm Allison Advisory Number 4 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2019 11 21 Edward Rappaport 1995 06 03 Tropical Storm Allison Advisory Number 5 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2019 11 21 Max Mayfield 1995 06 04 Tropical Storm Allison Advisory Number 7 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2019 11 21 Max Mayfield 1995 06 04 Hurricane Allison Advisory Number 8 National Hurricane Center Retrieved 2019 11 21 a b Hurricane Allison bears down on the Panhandle Florida Today Associated Press 1995 06 05 p 2A Retrieved 2019 11 21 via Newspapers com nbsp a b Chuck Murphy Monica Davey Amy Ellis Lucy Morgan Diane Rado Jim Ross 1995 06 06 Allison Tampa Bay Times p 4A Retrieved 2019 11 21 via Newspapers com nbsp What s Closed Today Tallahassee Democrat 1995 06 05 p 1A Retrieved 2019 11 21 via Newspapers com nbsp http www 11alive com weather hurricane hurricane article asp storyid 34119 permanent dead link National Climatic Data Center 1995 NCDC Event Details NOAA Retrieved 2006 12 19 1995 Allison Environment Canada 2010 09 14 Archived from the original on 2018 11 18 Retrieved 2019 11 17 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Allison 1995 Hurricane Allison CHC Storms 1995 Hurricane Allison Track Unisys Hurricane Allison NOAA Hurricane Allison 1995 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hurricane Allison 1995 amp oldid 1163091170, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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