In machine learning, HITL is used in the sense of humans aiding the computer in making the correct decisions in building a model.[4]
Simulation
In simulation, HITL models may conform to human factors requirements as in the case of a mockup. In this type of simulation a human is always part of the simulation and consequently influences the outcome in such a way that is difficult if not impossible to reproduce exactly. HITL also readily allows for the identification of problems and requirements that may not be easily identified by other means of simulation.
HITL is often referred to as interactive simulation, which is a special kind of physical simulation in which physical simulations include human operators, such as in a flight or a driving simulator.
Benefits
Human-in-the-loop allows the user to change the outcome of an event or process. HITL is extremely effective for the purposes of training because it allows the trainee to immerse themselves in the event or process[citation needed]. The immersion effectively contributes to a positive transfer of acquired skills into the real world. This can be demonstrated by trainees utilizing flight simulators in preparation to become pilots.
HITL also allows for the acquisition of knowledge regarding how a new process may affect a particular event. Utilizing HITL allows participants to interact with realistic models and attempt to perform as they would in an actual scenario. HITL simulations bring to the surface issues that would not otherwise be apparent until after a new process has been deployed. A real-world example of HITL simulation as an evaluation tool is its usage by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to allow air traffic controllers to test new automation procedures by directing the activities of simulated air traffic while monitoring the effect of the newly implemented procedures.[5]
As with most processes, there is always the possibility of human error, which can only be reproduced using HITL simulation. Although much can be done to automate systems, humans typically still need to take the information provided by a system to determine the next course of action based on their judgment and experience. Intelligent systems can only go so far in certain circumstances to automate a process; only humans in the simulation can accurately judge the final design. Tabletop simulation may be useful in the very early stages of project development for the purpose of collecting data to set broad parameters, but the important decisions require human-in-the-loop simulation.[6]
Within virtual simulation taxonomy
Virtual simulations inject HITL in a central role by exercising motor control skills (e.g. flying an airplane), decision making skills (e.g. committing fire control resources to action), or communication skills (e.g. as members of a C4I team).
Although human-in-the-loop simulation can include a computer simulation in the form of a synthetic environment, computer simulation is not necessarily a form of human-in-the-loop simulation, and is often considered as human-out-of-the loop simulation. In this particular case, a computer model’s behavior is modified according to a set of initial parameters. The results of the model differ from the results stemming from a true human-in-the-loop simulation because the results can easily be replicated time and time again, by simply providing identical parameters.
Weapons
In discussion of autonomous weapons systems, HITL means that a human must instigate the action of the weapon (in other words not fully autonomous). This is contrasted with human-on-the-loop, where a human may abort an action, and human-out-of-the-loop, where no human action is involved. These classifications were laid out by Bonnie Docherty in a 2012 Human Rights Watch report.[3]
See also
Look up in the loop in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Humanistic Intelligence, which is intelligence that arises by having the human in the feedback loop of the computational process[8]
References
^"DoD Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Glossary", DoD 5000.59-M, DoD, January 1998 (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
^Karwowski, Waldemar, International encyclopedia of ergonomics and human factors, ISBN0-415-30430-X, 9780415304306, CRC Press, 2006
^ abAmitai Etzioni; Oren Etzioni (June 2017). "Pros and Cons of Autonomous Weapons Systems". army.mil.
^ abVikram Singh Bisen (May 20, 2020). "What is Human in the Loop Machine Learning: Why & How Used in AI?". medium.com.
^Sollenberger, R. (2005). Human-in-the-Loop Simulation Evaluating the Collocation of the User Request Evaluation Tool. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration, 1. Retrieved July 19, 2010, from http://hf.tc.faa.gov/technotes/dot-faa-ct-tn04-28.pdf 2010-06-09 at the Wayback Machine
^Pinto R, Mettler T, Taisch M (2013), Managing supplier delivery reliability risk under limited information: Foundations for a human-in-the-loop DSS, Decision Support Systems, 54:2, 1076–1084
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Human in the loop or HITL is used in multiple contexts It can be defined as a model requiring human interaction 1 2 HITL is associated with modeling and simulation M amp S in the live virtual and constructive taxonomy HITL along with the related human on the loop are also used in relation to lethal autonomous weapons 3 Further HITL is used in the context of machine learning 4 Contents 1 Machine learning 2 Simulation 2 1 Benefits 2 2 Within virtual simulation taxonomy 2 3 Examples 2 4 Misconceptions 3 Weapons 4 See also 5 ReferencesMachine learning EditIn machine learning HITL is used in the sense of humans aiding the computer in making the correct decisions in building a model 4 Simulation EditIn simulation HITL models may conform to human factors requirements as in the case of a mockup In this type of simulation a human is always part of the simulation and consequently influences the outcome in such a way that is difficult if not impossible to reproduce exactly HITL also readily allows for the identification of problems and requirements that may not be easily identified by other means of simulation HITL is often referred to as interactive simulation which is a special kind of physical simulation in which physical simulations include human operators such as in a flight or a driving simulator Benefits Edit Human in the loop allows the user to change the outcome of an event or process HITL is extremely effective for the purposes of training because it allows the trainee to immerse themselves in the event or process citation needed The immersion effectively contributes to a positive transfer of acquired skills into the real world This can be demonstrated by trainees utilizing flight simulators in preparation to become pilots HITL also allows for the acquisition of knowledge regarding how a new process may affect a particular event Utilizing HITL allows participants to interact with realistic models and attempt to perform as they would in an actual scenario HITL simulations bring to the surface issues that would not otherwise be apparent until after a new process has been deployed A real world example of HITL simulation as an evaluation tool is its usage by the Federal Aviation Administration FAA to allow air traffic controllers to test new automation procedures by directing the activities of simulated air traffic while monitoring the effect of the newly implemented procedures 5 As with most processes there is always the possibility of human error which can only be reproduced using HITL simulation Although much can be done to automate systems humans typically still need to take the information provided by a system to determine the next course of action based on their judgment and experience Intelligent systems can only go so far in certain circumstances to automate a process only humans in the simulation can accurately judge the final design Tabletop simulation may be useful in the very early stages of project development for the purpose of collecting data to set broad parameters but the important decisions require human in the loop simulation 6 Within virtual simulation taxonomy Edit Virtual simulations inject HITL in a central role by exercising motor control skills e g flying an airplane decision making skills e g committing fire control resources to action or communication skills e g as members of a C4I team Examples Edit Flight simulators Driving simulators Marine simulators Certain video games Supply chain management simulators 7 Digital puppetryMisconceptions Edit Although human in the loop simulation can include a computer simulation in the form of a synthetic environment computer simulation is not necessarily a form of human in the loop simulation and is often considered as human out of the loop simulation In this particular case a computer model s behavior is modified according to a set of initial parameters The results of the model differ from the results stemming from a true human in the loop simulation because the results can easily be replicated time and time again by simply providing identical parameters Weapons EditIn discussion of autonomous weapons systems HITL means that a human must instigate the action of the weapon in other words not fully autonomous This is contrasted with human on the loop where a human may abort an action and human out of the loop where no human action is involved These classifications were laid out by Bonnie Docherty in a 2012 Human Rights Watch report 3 See also Edit Look up in the loop in Wiktionary the free dictionary Humanistic Intelligence which is intelligence that arises by having the human in the feedback loop of the computational process 8 References Edit DoD Modeling and Simulation M amp S Glossary DoD 5000 59 M DoD January 1998 Directives Division PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2007 07 10 Retrieved 2009 04 22 Karwowski Waldemar International encyclopedia of ergonomics and human factors ISBN 0 415 30430 X 9780415304306 CRC Press 2006 a b Amitai Etzioni Oren Etzioni June 2017 Pros and Cons of Autonomous Weapons Systems army mil a b Vikram Singh Bisen May 20 2020 What is Human in the Loop Machine Learning Why amp How Used in AI medium com Sollenberger R 2005 Human in the Loop Simulation Evaluating the Collocation of the User Request Evaluation Tool U S Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration 1 Retrieved July 19 2010 from http hf tc faa gov technotes dot faa ct tn04 28 pdf Archived 2010 06 09 at the Wayback Machine Human in the loop simulation 2007 Spring Port Technology International 32 1 2 Retrieved July 19 2010 from http www marinesafety com research documents HumanintheloopSimulationasPublishedinPortTechnologyInternationalIssue32 pdf Archived 2011 07 14 at the Wayback Machine Pinto R Mettler T Taisch M 2013 Managing supplier delivery reliability risk under limited information Foundations for a human in the loop DSS Decision Support Systems 54 2 1076 1084 Minsky Kurzweil Mann IEEE ISTAS 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Human in the loop amp oldid 1136016010, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
