This article is about the archaic word, used in fiction. For other uses, see How.
The word "how" is a pop culture anglicization of the Lakota word háu, a Lakota language greeting by men to men.[1] The term how is often found in stereotypical and outdated depictions of Native Americans, made by non-Natives, in some Hollywood movies and various novels, e.g. those of James Fenimore Cooper or Karl May.
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) gives [haːʊ̯] ("how") as the pronunciation, and claims Jesuit missionary Jean de Brébeuf had described the use of the term as an interjection of approval with the Wyandot (Hurons). De Brébeuf described individual speakers using Condayauendi Ierhayde cha nonhwicwahachen to signify the end of their speaking, which was answered by the community with a long "Hooow".[2]
Longman Webster[3] describes Howgh as a greeting of the Lakota, Dakota, and/or Nakoda peoples; giving "Háu kola" (Hallo friend) as a Lakota language greeting. However, it would be the only Lakota term using a diphthong and is possibly of external origin.[4]Dakota people and Omaha people use slightly different versions. Francis Parkman, in his book The Oregon Trail, gives a first-person account of three weeks spent hunting buffalo with a band of Oglala Lakota in 1846.[5] He mentions their use of "How". By 1900 "Good morning" was the preferred greeting among Omaha.[6]
Usage
Karl May, in his works of fiction, used Howgh[7] similar to the Schweizerdeutsch closing particle "Ha gschlosse" (have closed), which is used by the speaker to indicate they are done speaking.[8] In both cases, he used the appropriated term to express a Rule of Order, and a longing for consensus.[8]
"Howgh", "Uff!", Manitou and Lakota "Hoka Hey" have had a major influence on the popular image of Native Americans in German-speaking countries. Howgh gained popularity as a reference to Native Americans through Cooper's and Parkman's books. By 1917 it was so stereotypically accepted that it found its way into US World War I propaganda depicting Native American soldiers:
[Wilhelm II] killum papoose und killum squaw, so Jo Fixum will find this Kaiser and stickum bayonet clear through. Ugh! [sic][9]
In 1953 "How" and primitive utterances like "Ugg-a-Wugg!" were used in the lyrics of Walt Disney's songs "What Made the Red Man Red?" and "Indians" in the movie and musical productions of Peter Pan, which featured white actors in stereotypical costumes, performing what they presented as "Indian" dance numbers and singing gibberish.[10][11]
Author Raymond Steadman was irritated by the usage of what he viewed as a stereotypical phrase, and closed[clarification needed] with "Reader gettum sick? Have-um enough?" [sic][12]
Howgh also appears in German pop songs depicting stereotypes of Native Americans, such as in "Indianer" by Nena (lyrics by Carlo Karges) and Gus Backus "Da sprach der alte Häuptling der Indianer" ("then spoke the old chieftain of the Indians", covered e.g. by Wildecker Herzbuben and Wirtschaftswunder[13]).
Wolfgang Hochbruck: "I have spoken." Die Darstellung und ideologische Funktion indianischer Mündlichkeit in der nordamerikanischen Literatur. Gunter Narr Verlag, Tübingen 1991, ISBN3-8233-4553-2 (ScriptOralia 32), (Freiburg i. Br., Univ., Diss., 1990).
Raymond William Stedman: Shadows of the Indian. Stereotypes in American culture. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman OK et al. 1982, ISBN0-8061-1822-9.
April Renae S. Watchman: Howgh!! I have spoken, uff, uff!: Karl May and 19th century representations of American Indians, Thesis (M.A.) – Arizona State University, 2001, OCLC 49709527
References
^"Hau/Han". Sinte Gleska University. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
^Jean de Brébeuf Jesuit Relation 10, 1636, see Wolfgang Hochbruck "I have spoken" p. 36, and J. Axtell, The Indian People of Eastern America, Oxford 1981
^Longman Webster English college dictionary. Harlow: Longman, 1984
^Rood, David S., and Taylor, Allan R. (1996). Sketch of Lakhota, a Siouan Language, Part I Archived 2012-07-12 at archive.today. Handbook of North American Indians, Band 17 (Languages), pp. 440–482.
^The Conservative (Nebraska City, Neb.) 18. August 1898, Seite 3, von Laurence Laughlin, The Indians at Omaha,
^Der Wortschatz Karl Mays, von Joachim Dietze, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim, 1999, ISBN3487105357
^ abHandbuch der Phraseologie, Harald Burger, Annelies Häcki Buhofer, Ambros Sialm, Brigit Eriksson, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 1982, ISBN3110080028, p. 116
^American Indians in World War I: At home and at war, Thomas A. Britten, Verlag UNM Press, 1999, ISBN0826320902
^Cheu, Johnson (2013). Diversity in Disney Films. pp. 9, 41. ISBN9781476600093.
^Michael Riedel (December 2, 2014). "Original Tiger Lily will skip NBC's 'Peter Pan'". New York Post.
^Steadman p. 71, in I have spoken, Wolfgang Hochbruck p. 153
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This article is about the archaic word used in fiction For other uses see How The word how is a pop culture anglicization of the Lakota word hau a Lakota language greeting by men to men 1 The term how is often found in stereotypical and outdated depictions of Native Americans made by non Natives in some Hollywood movies and various novels e g those of James Fenimore Cooper or Karl May Frederic Remington The Parley Contents 1 Background 2 Usage 3 See also 4 Further reading 5 ReferencesBackground Edit Jean de Brebeuf French Jesuit missionary c 1627 The Oxford English Dictionary OED gives haːʊ how as the pronunciation and claims Jesuit missionary Jean de Brebeuf had described the use of the term as an interjection of approval with the Wyandot Hurons De Brebeuf described individual speakers using Condayauendi Ierhayde cha nonhwicwahachen to signify the end of their speaking which was answered by the community with a long Hooow 2 Longman Webster 3 describes Howgh as a greeting of the Lakota Dakota and or Nakoda peoples giving Hau kola Hallo friend as a Lakota language greeting However it would be the only Lakota term using a diphthong and is possibly of external origin 4 Dakota people and Omaha people use slightly different versions Francis Parkman in his book The Oregon Trail gives a first person account of three weeks spent hunting buffalo with a band of Oglala Lakota in 1846 5 He mentions their use of How By 1900 Good morning was the preferred greeting among Omaha 6 Usage EditKarl May in his works of fiction used Howgh 7 similar to the Schweizerdeutsch closing particle Ha gschlosse have closed which is used by the speaker to indicate they are done speaking 8 In both cases he used the appropriated term to express a Rule of Order and a longing for consensus 8 Howgh Uff Manitou and Lakota Hoka Hey have had a major influence on the popular image of Native Americans in German speaking countries Howgh gained popularity as a reference to Native Americans through Cooper s and Parkman s books By 1917 it was so stereotypically accepted that it found its way into US World War I propaganda depicting Native American soldiers Wilhelm II killum papoose und killum squaw so Jo Fixum will find this Kaiser and stickum bayonet clear through Ugh sic 9 In 1953 How and primitive utterances like Ugg a Wugg were used in the lyrics of Walt Disney s songs What Made the Red Man Red and Indians in the movie and musical productions of Peter Pan which featured white actors in stereotypical costumes performing what they presented as Indian dance numbers and singing gibberish 10 11 Author Raymond Steadman was irritated by the usage of what he viewed as a stereotypical phrase and closed clarification needed with Reader gettum sick Have um enough sic 12 Howgh also appears in German pop songs depicting stereotypes of Native Americans such as in Indianer by Nena lyrics by Carlo Karges and Gus Backus Da sprach der alte Hauptling der Indianer then spoke the old chieftain of the Indians covered e g by Wildecker Herzbuben and Wirtschaftswunder 13 See also EditStereotypes of Indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States Native Americans in German popular culture Native Americans in film List of fictional Native Americans RacismFurther reading EditWolfgang Hochbruck I have spoken Die Darstellung und ideologische Funktion indianischer Mundlichkeit in der nordamerikanischen Literatur Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen 1991 ISBN 3 8233 4553 2 ScriptOralia 32 Freiburg i Br Univ Diss 1990 Raymond William Stedman Shadows of the Indian Stereotypes in American culture University of Oklahoma Press Norman OK et al 1982 ISBN 0 8061 1822 9 April Renae S Watchman Howgh I have spoken uff uff Karl May and 19th century representations of American Indians Thesis M A Arizona State University 2001 OCLC 49709527References Edit Hau Han Sinte Gleska University Retrieved 21 November 2019 Jean de Brebeuf Jesuit Relation 10 1636 see Wolfgang Hochbruck I have spoken p 36 and J Axtell The Indian People of Eastern America Oxford 1981 Longman Webster English college dictionary Harlow Longman 1984 Rood David S and Taylor Allan R 1996 Sketch of Lakhota a Siouan Language Part I Archived 2012 07 12 at archive today Handbook of North American Indians Band 17 Languages pp 440 482 see I have spoken Hochbruck p 153 The Conservative Nebraska City Neb 18 August 1898 Seite 3 von Laurence Laughlin The Indians at Omaha Der Wortschatz Karl Mays von Joachim Dietze Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1999 ISBN 3487105357 a b Handbuch der Phraseologie Harald Burger Annelies Hacki Buhofer Ambros Sialm Brigit Eriksson Verlag Walter de Gruyter 1982 ISBN 3110080028 p 116 American Indians in World War I At home and at war Thomas A Britten Verlag UNM Press 1999 ISBN 0826320902 Cheu Johnson 2013 Diversity in Disney Films pp 9 41 ISBN 9781476600093 Michael Riedel December 2 2014 Original Tiger Lily will skip NBC s Peter Pan New York Post Steadman p 71 in I have spoken Wolfgang Hochbruck p 153 Youtube see 0 51 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title How greeting amp oldid 1131441065, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
