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Hospital of the Transfiguration (film)

January 01, 1970

Hospital of the Transfiguration is a Polish psychological war film from 1978 directed by Edward Żebrowski, based on Stanisław Lem's 1955 novel of the same title. The film's theme revolves around the extermination of patients in a psychiatric hospital shortly after the outbreak of World War II (Aktion T4). The story focuses on the character of Dr. Stefan (played by Piotr Dejmek), who dares to protest against unethical experiments conducted on patients by the hospital staff even before the arrival of the Germans. The film was mostly well received by critics and won multiple awards, including at the Polish Film Festival and the Locarno Film Festival. Its strengths were praised for its aesthetic quality and insightful analysis of the reasons for acquiescence to totalitarianism, while its weakness was seen in deviating from wartime realities in favor of an idiosyncratic stylization.

Hospital of the Transfiguration
PolishSzpital Przemienienia
Directed byEdward Żebrowski
Written byMichał Komar
Edward Żebrowski
Based onHospital of the Transfiguration
by Stanisław Lem
StarringPiotr Dejmek
Jerzy Bińczycki
Henryk Bista
Ewa Dałkowska
Gustaw Holoubek
Zygmunt Hübner
Ryszard Kotys
Wojciech Pszoniak
Zbigniew Zapasiewicz
CinematographyWitold Sobociński
Edited byUrszula Śliwińska
Music byStanisław Radwan
Production
company
Tor Studio
Release date
  • March 28, 1979 (1979-03-28)
Running time
90 minutes
CountryPoland
LanguagesPolish, German

Plot edit

The action of the film begins in late 1939 when young doctor Stefan arrives at a closed psychiatric hospital to take up a job there. Stefan, who adheres to humanitarian principles but is vague in his views, is accepted by the hospital director, Dr. Pajączkowski. He then gains experience under the supervision of the cynical Dr. Rygier, who does not hide his pro-Nazi views. Stefan disapproves of Rygier's behavior, who subjects patients to humiliating experimental treatment methods, including electroconvulsive therapy. Rygier performs surgery on Andrzej, a brain cancer patient, resulting in the patient almost losing his mental faculties. Stefan also notices the obsessions of other doctors: Dr. Kauters prefers exclusively surgical methods of treatment, while Dr. Marglewski sees mental illness solely as a manifestation of possession.[1][2]

Soon, an SS officer named Thiesdorf arrives at the hospital, announcing the liquidation of the psychiatric hospital. Thiesdorf's visit provokes various reactions among the hospital staff. Over time, Stefan rebels more and more against Rygier, but he cannot count on Pajączkowski's support, as Rygier accuses him of having a "Masonic" scientific background before the occupation. Pajączkowski admonishes Stefan that he must prioritize not harming the patients over showing them mercy. Meanwhile, the drug-addicted writer Sekułowski, seeking refuge in the hospital, bitterly accuses the young doctor of lacking life experience. Meanwhile, Dr. Nosilewska secretly confesses to Stefan that she fled from Austria after it was occupied by the Nazis. Stefan realizes the futility of his idealism but also witnesses the medical mistakes of his older colleagues: Kauters's failed surgery and Marglewski's charlatanism.[1][2]

The moment of the hospital's liquidation arrives. The helpless director Pajączkowski cannot obtain consent from Rygier, Kauters, and Marglewski for a spontaneous action to save the patients. Only Stefan supports him, distributing the remaining medicines to the patients and, at Sekułowski's request, adding cyanide to his drink; the files are also burned. When the Germans enter the hospital grounds, they arrest part of the staff; Nosilewska is arrested as a Jew, and Pajączkowski shares her fate. Sekułowski, trying to resist arrest, takes cyanide and commits suicide. The SS officers lead the staff and patients of the hospital out of the building to execute them. Stefan, hiding from the Germans, tries to rescue a young boy hidden under hospital gowns, but the boy dies in his arms. Seeing an SS patrol in the forest, Stefan attempts to flee and disappears into the fog, while the execution squad shoots the patients and remaining staff, burying them afterwards.[1][2]

Cast edit

 
Zbigniew Zapasiewicz, playing the role of Dr. Rygier

Source: Online Polish Film Database[2]

Production edit

 
Stanisław Lem, author of the literary original

The production of the Hospital of the Transfiguration was managed by the Tor Studio under the artistic direction of Krzysztof Zanussi. The film was directed by Edward Żebrowski, who co-wrote the screenplay based on Stanisław Lem's novel of the same title with film critic Michał Komar (this was the first screenplay co-created by the latter). Witold Sobociński was responsible for the cinematography, while Tadeusz Wybult designed the set. The music for the Hospital of the Transfiguration was composed by Stanisław Radwan, and Małgorzata Jaworska was in charge of the sound editing. The film was edited by Urszula Śliwińska.[2]

Edward Żebrowski aimed his criticism in the film towards the institution of the psychiatric hospital, which employs a system of violence.[3] By focusing on the moral dilemmas of Dr. Stefan, which lead the main character to a heroic act in the name of good, Żebrowski attempted to simultaneously explore the phenomenon of good in a world permeated by evil.[4]

During the film's production, historic interiors and locations of the Tworkowski Hospital near Warsaw were used.[2] Interestingly, this was the only major psychiatric hospital in Poland where the mentally ill were not exterminated by the Germans during the war.[5] The premiere of the Hospital of the Transfiguration took place on 28 March 1979.[2]

Distribution edit

In 2011, the Hospital of the Transfiguration was released together with other films by Żebrowski – Ocalenie (1972) and W biały dzień (1980) – on DVD discs as part of the publishing series Arcydzieła polskiego kina. The release of the Hospital of the Transfiguration was handled by Kino Polska Television, and the distributed version featured Dolby Digital 2.0 sound standard.[6] A digitally reconstructed version of Żebrowski's film was released in 2017 by Tor Studio and Blu Studio, available on both DVD and Blu-ray discs.[7]

Reception edit

 
Krzysztof Zanussi, head of the Tor Studio responsible for the production of the film

The Hospital of the Transfiguration was mostly positively received by critics. Krzysztof Kreutzinger, writing for the magazine Film, stated that The Holocaust, although coming from outside, is somehow a consequence of internal relations. There is no significant opposition felt between the perversion within the hospital itself and the impending cruelty.[8] Rafał Marszałek emphasized that Żebrowski discovered the primordial sources of social disease [...] as if beyond Nazism, at least before the extermination planned by the Nazis took place. Marszałek also noted that the film's doctors for a long time feel like masters of life and death of patients, unwittingly laying the groundwork for Nazi extermination.[9] Similarly, Tadeusz Sobolewski wrote that "Hospital of the Transfiguration" shows with corrosive irony that the epidemic of fascism spread also on our side. Among the hospital staff are spiritual Nazis.[10] According to Zygmunt Kałużyński from Polityka, Żebrowski's film fulfills a hugely important need: it presents attitudes, provokes clashes of views, engages us in the drama of ideological contradictions.[5]

More skeptical about the Hospital of the Transfiguration was Tadeusz Lubelski, accusing the film of having an implausible plot. The film's liquidation of the hospital takes place in the summer of 1940, whereas, as Lubelski claimed, the prototype events took place in Lviv, where Lem began his medical studies in 1940; the Germans could only arrive at the hospital two years after the war began.[11][note 1] The author of the literary prototype, Stanisław Lem, accused Żebrowski of departing from the wartime reality: even during World War II, the commander of a German unit could not, just like that, murder anyone. Most likely, the Germans would have killed the patients, but not the doctors, who had a chance of survival.[11] Similar criticism was made by Jerzy Płażewski in Kino, reproaching the director for isolating the hospital story from the broader context of the occupation.[5] Krzysztof Kłopotowski from Literatura stated that "Hospital of the Transfiguration" uses schematic simplifications: the supporter of experimenting on people turns out to be a Volksdeutsche at a critical moment. At the time, it was a valid observation, but today it is misleading.[5]

However, the aesthetic merits of the film were not questioned. Krzysztof Teodor Toeplitz from Miesięcznik Literacki wrote: The film is beautifully shot, its images have realism but also style awareness. In terms of staging, it is undoubtedly a great step forward in the development of Edward Żebrowski's talent.[5] Jan Józef Szczepański from Tygodnik Powszechny pointed out the cinematographic craftsmanship responsible for the cinematography, Witold Sobociński: The unexpected transition from color to black and white technique, the quietening of sound, the blurring of image sharpness, contributes to a general change in tonality, creates a different perspective – as if reality is viewed from a different, more objectified point of view.[5] Szczepański summed up the discussion about Żebrowski's film as follows: "Hospital of the Transfiguration" is not only a great directorial success of Edward Żebrowski – it is also a film that undoubtedly will represent the most valuable achievements of Polish cinematography".[5]

Years later edit

Andrzej Szpulak approached the criticism of the film's schematic message from a more contemporary perspective. As Szpulak argued: Kauters, Rygier, Marglewski, or the writer Sekułowski are not wax figures representing their ideological attitudes, but fully-fleshed people with multifaceted personalities.[12] According to Szpulak, the film benefited not only from the subtlety with which Żebrowski adapted Lem's prose but also from the cast of actors. It is largely thanks to their use that the director managed to avoid the risk of flattening the message.[12] Szpulak, considering Żebrowski's entire body of work, emphasized the viewer's confrontation with situations that are difficult or even impossible to comprehend and experience at any moment and for every person, a confrontation devoid of the facilitations associated with the use of conventions or illustrative elements related to some worldview concept.[13] In Szpulak's opinion, the portrayal of a borderline situation in a person's life takes on a nuanced form in the Hospital of the Transfiguration: There is no trace of the beauty of decay or the pornography of violence.[14]

On the other hand, Robert Birkholc considered Lem's criticisms regarding the depiction of wartime realities in the film as not particularly significant because the Hospital of the Transfiguration is not a faithful reconstruction of the Aktion T4 [...], but a symbolic film presenting a bitter diagnosis of European culture.[15] Birkholc also emphasized that: The excellent acting, biting humor, naturalistic scenery, and feverish (in the most dramatic moments of the story) camera work directed by Witold Sobociński make Żebrowski's work one of the best and most suggestive adaptations of Lem's prose.[15]

Rewards edit

Year Institution Reward Recipient
1979 Polish Film Festival Main Award "Silver Lions of Gdańsk" Edward Żebrowski
Music Award Małgorzata Jaworska
Locarno Film Festival I honorable mention Edward Żebrowski
1981 Brussels Film Festival Crystal Star Piotr Dejmek
International Red Cross and Health Protection Film Festival in Varna special jury award Edward Żebrowski

Notes edit

  1. ^ Gajewska (2016, pp. 81–85) shared a similar view regarding the literary prototype, but according to Morawiec (2017, p. 282), it diverges from the more probable genesis of Lem's novel: the Lviv ghetto is the setting - named and quite literal - in Lem's novella "The Facility". According to Morawiec (2017, pp. 281–283), inspiration for Lem when writing the Hospital of the transfiguration could have come from both the ongoing crimes against patients at the State Institution for the Mentally and Neurologically Ill in Kobierzyn until 1942, as well as the massacre committed on 12 January 1940, at the psychiatric hospital in Chełm.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Żebrowski, Edward (1978). . ninateka.pl. Archived from the original on 2020-05-25. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Hospital of the Transfiguration in the FilmPolski.pl database
  3. ^ Socha (2018, pp. 15, 23)
  4. ^ Socha (2018, pp. 15–16)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Szpital Przemienienia". Repozytorium Cyfrowe Filmoteki Narodowej (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  6. ^ Żebrowski, Edward (2011). . Wydawnictwo Telewizji Kino Polska. Warsaw. Archived from the original on 2021-09-29. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
  7. ^ Żebrowski, Edward (2017). . Studio Filmowe "TOR" – Studio Blu. Warsaw. Archived from the original on 2021-09-29. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
  8. ^ Kreutzinger, Krzysztof (1979). "Za plecami Pana Boga". Film (3).
  9. ^ Marszałek (2014)
  10. ^ Sobolewski (2013, p. 98)
  11. ^ a b Lubelski (2015, p. 470)
  12. ^ a b Szpulak (2011, p. 227)
  13. ^ Szpulak (2011, p. 229)
  14. ^ Szpulak (2011, p. 230)
  15. ^ a b Birkholc, Robert. ""Szpital Przemienienia", reż. Edward Żebrowski". Culture.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-04-09.

Bibliography edit

  • Gajewska, Agnieszka (2016). Zagłada i gwiazdy. Przeszłość w prozie Stanisława Lema. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza. ISBN 978-83-232-3047-2.
  • Lubelski, Tadeusz (2015). Historia kina polskiego 1895–2014. Kraków: Universitas.
  • Marszałek, Rafał (2014). "Edward Żebrowski: Redivivus". Dwutygodnik. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  • Morawiec, Arkadiusz (2017-12-15). ""Dezynfekcja". Literatura polska wobec eksterminacji osób psychicznie chorych". Przestrzenie Teorii. 27 (27): 261–296. doi:10.14746/pt.2017.27.18. ISSN 2450-5765. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
  • Sobolewski, Tadeusz (2013). "Piękny dwudziestoletni". Kino. 48 (561). ProQuest 1543482975.
  • Socha, Jakub (2018). Żebrowski. Hipnotyzer. Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne. ISBN 978-83-8049-639-2.
  • Szpulak, Andrzej (2011). "Kamera i poeta doctus? O filmach Edwarda Żebrowskiego z perspektywy lotu ptaka". Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication. 9 (17–18). Retrieved 2021-09-29.

External links edit

  • Hospital of the Transfiguration in the FilmPolski.pl database
  • Hospital of the Transfiguration in the Filmweb database
  • Hospital of the Transfiguration at IMDb  
  • Photos from the film Hospital of the Transfiguration in the National Film Archive database Fototeka
  • Excerpt from the film Hospital of the Transfiguration in the database of the Digital Repository of the National Film database

January 01, 1970
hospital, transfiguration, film, hospital, transfiguration, polish, psychological, film, from, 1978, directed, edward, Żebrowski, based, stanisław, 1955, novel, same, title, film, theme, revolves, around, extermination, patients, psychiatric, hospital, shortly. Hospital of the Transfiguration is a Polish psychological war film from 1978 directed by Edward Zebrowski based on Stanislaw Lem s 1955 novel of the same title The film s theme revolves around the extermination of patients in a psychiatric hospital shortly after the outbreak of World War II Aktion T4 The story focuses on the character of Dr Stefan played by Piotr Dejmek who dares to protest against unethical experiments conducted on patients by the hospital staff even before the arrival of the Germans The film was mostly well received by critics and won multiple awards including at the Polish Film Festival and the Locarno Film Festival Its strengths were praised for its aesthetic quality and insightful analysis of the reasons for acquiescence to totalitarianism while its weakness was seen in deviating from wartime realities in favor of an idiosyncratic stylization Hospital of the TransfigurationPolishSzpital PrzemienieniaDirected byEdward ZebrowskiWritten byMichal KomarEdward ZebrowskiBased onHospital of the Transfigurationby Stanislaw LemStarringPiotr DejmekJerzy BinczyckiHenryk BistaEwa DalkowskaGustaw HoloubekZygmunt HubnerRyszard KotysWojciech PszoniakZbigniew ZapasiewiczCinematographyWitold SobocinskiEdited byUrszula SliwinskaMusic byStanislaw RadwanProductioncompanyTor StudioRelease dateMarch 28 1979 1979 03 28 Running time90 minutesCountryPolandLanguagesPolish GermanContents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3 1 Distribution 4 Reception 4 1 Years later 5 Rewards 6 Notes 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External linksPlot editThe action of the film begins in late 1939 when young doctor Stefan arrives at a closed psychiatric hospital to take up a job there Stefan who adheres to humanitarian principles but is vague in his views is accepted by the hospital director Dr Pajaczkowski He then gains experience under the supervision of the cynical Dr Rygier who does not hide his pro Nazi views Stefan disapproves of Rygier s behavior who subjects patients to humiliating experimental treatment methods including electroconvulsive therapy Rygier performs surgery on Andrzej a brain cancer patient resulting in the patient almost losing his mental faculties Stefan also notices the obsessions of other doctors Dr Kauters prefers exclusively surgical methods of treatment while Dr Marglewski sees mental illness solely as a manifestation of possession 1 2 Soon an SS officer named Thiesdorf arrives at the hospital announcing the liquidation of the psychiatric hospital Thiesdorf s visit provokes various reactions among the hospital staff Over time Stefan rebels more and more against Rygier but he cannot count on Pajaczkowski s support as Rygier accuses him of having a Masonic scientific background before the occupation Pajaczkowski admonishes Stefan that he must prioritize not harming the patients over showing them mercy Meanwhile the drug addicted writer Sekulowski seeking refuge in the hospital bitterly accuses the young doctor of lacking life experience Meanwhile Dr Nosilewska secretly confesses to Stefan that she fled from Austria after it was occupied by the Nazis Stefan realizes the futility of his idealism but also witnesses the medical mistakes of his older colleagues Kauters s failed surgery and Marglewski s charlatanism 1 2 The moment of the hospital s liquidation arrives The helpless director Pajaczkowski cannot obtain consent from Rygier Kauters and Marglewski for a spontaneous action to save the patients Only Stefan supports him distributing the remaining medicines to the patients and at Sekulowski s request adding cyanide to his drink the files are also burned When the Germans enter the hospital grounds they arrest part of the staff Nosilewska is arrested as a Jew and Pajaczkowski shares her fate Sekulowski trying to resist arrest takes cyanide and commits suicide The SS officers lead the staff and patients of the hospital out of the building to execute them Stefan hiding from the Germans tries to rescue a young boy hidden under hospital gowns but the boy dies in his arms Seeing an SS patrol in the forest Stefan attempts to flee and disappears into the fog while the execution squad shoots the patients and remaining staff burying them afterwards 1 2 Cast edit nbsp Zbigniew Zapasiewicz playing the role of Dr Rygier Source Online Polish Film Database 2 Piotr Dejmek Doctor Stefan Jerzy Binczycki engineer Andrzej Nowacki hospital patient Henryk Bista Doctor Kauters Ewa Dalkowska Doctor Nosilewska Gustaw Holoubek writer Zygmunt Sekulowski Zygmunt Hubner Doctor Pajaczkowski hospital director Ryszard Kotys Nurse Jozef Wojciech Pszoniak Doctor Marglewski Zbigniew Zapasiewicz Doctor Rygier Wladyslaw Kowalski hospital patient Elzbieta Karkoszka hospital patient Marcin Tronski Doctor KozlowskiProduction edit nbsp Stanislaw Lem author of the literary original The production of the Hospital of the Transfiguration was managed by the Tor Studio under the artistic direction of Krzysztof Zanussi The film was directed by Edward Zebrowski who co wrote the screenplay based on Stanislaw Lem s novel of the same title with film critic Michal Komar this was the first screenplay co created by the latter Witold Sobocinski was responsible for the cinematography while Tadeusz Wybult designed the set The music for the Hospital of the Transfiguration was composed by Stanislaw Radwan and Malgorzata Jaworska was in charge of the sound editing The film was edited by Urszula Sliwinska 2 Edward Zebrowski aimed his criticism in the film towards the institution of the psychiatric hospital which employs a system of violence 3 By focusing on the moral dilemmas of Dr Stefan which lead the main character to a heroic act in the name of good Zebrowski attempted to simultaneously explore the phenomenon of good in a world permeated by evil 4 During the film s production historic interiors and locations of the Tworkowski Hospital near Warsaw were used 2 Interestingly this was the only major psychiatric hospital in Poland where the mentally ill were not exterminated by the Germans during the war 5 The premiere of the Hospital of the Transfiguration took place on 28 March 1979 2 Distribution edit In 2011 the Hospital of the Transfiguration was released together with other films by Zebrowski Ocalenie 1972 and W bialy dzien 1980 on DVD discs as part of the publishing series Arcydziela polskiego kina The release of the Hospital of the Transfiguration was handled by Kino Polska Television and the distributed version featured Dolby Digital 2 0 sound standard 6 A digitally reconstructed version of Zebrowski s film was released in 2017 by Tor Studio and Blu Studio available on both DVD and Blu ray discs 7 Reception edit nbsp Krzysztof Zanussi head of the Tor Studio responsible for the production of the film The Hospital of the Transfiguration was mostly positively received by critics Krzysztof Kreutzinger writing for the magazine Film stated that The Holocaust although coming from outside is somehow a consequence of internal relations There is no significant opposition felt between the perversion within the hospital itself and the impending cruelty 8 Rafal Marszalek emphasized that Zebrowski discovered the primordial sources of social disease as if beyond Nazism at least before the extermination planned by the Nazis took place Marszalek also noted that the film s doctors for a long time feel like masters of life and death of patients unwittingly laying the groundwork for Nazi extermination 9 Similarly Tadeusz Sobolewski wrote that Hospital of the Transfiguration shows with corrosive irony that the epidemic of fascism spread also on our side Among the hospital staff are spiritual Nazis 10 According to Zygmunt Kaluzynski from Polityka Zebrowski s film fulfills a hugely important need it presents attitudes provokes clashes of views engages us in the drama of ideological contradictions 5 More skeptical about the Hospital of the Transfiguration was Tadeusz Lubelski accusing the film of having an implausible plot The film s liquidation of the hospital takes place in the summer of 1940 whereas as Lubelski claimed the prototype events took place in Lviv where Lem began his medical studies in 1940 the Germans could only arrive at the hospital two years after the war began 11 note 1 The author of the literary prototype Stanislaw Lem accused Zebrowski of departing from the wartime reality even during World War II the commander of a German unit could not just like that murder anyone Most likely the Germans would have killed the patients but not the doctors who had a chance of survival 11 Similar criticism was made by Jerzy Plazewski in Kino reproaching the director for isolating the hospital story from the broader context of the occupation 5 Krzysztof Klopotowski from Literatura stated that Hospital of the Transfiguration uses schematic simplifications the supporter of experimenting on people turns out to be a Volksdeutsche at a critical moment At the time it was a valid observation but today it is misleading 5 However the aesthetic merits of the film were not questioned Krzysztof Teodor Toeplitz from Miesiecznik Literacki wrote The film is beautifully shot its images have realism but also style awareness In terms of staging it is undoubtedly a great step forward in the development of Edward Zebrowski s talent 5 Jan Jozef Szczepanski from Tygodnik Powszechny pointed out the cinematographic craftsmanship responsible for the cinematography Witold Sobocinski The unexpected transition from color to black and white technique the quietening of sound the blurring of image sharpness contributes to a general change in tonality creates a different perspective as if reality is viewed from a different more objectified point of view 5 Szczepanski summed up the discussion about Zebrowski s film as follows Hospital of the Transfiguration is not only a great directorial success of Edward Zebrowski it is also a film that undoubtedly will represent the most valuable achievements of Polish cinematography 5 Years later edit Andrzej Szpulak approached the criticism of the film s schematic message from a more contemporary perspective As Szpulak argued Kauters Rygier Marglewski or the writer Sekulowski are not wax figures representing their ideological attitudes but fully fleshed people with multifaceted personalities 12 According to Szpulak the film benefited not only from the subtlety with which Zebrowski adapted Lem s prose but also from the cast of actors It is largely thanks to their use that the director managed to avoid the risk of flattening the message 12 Szpulak considering Zebrowski s entire body of work emphasized the viewer s confrontation with situations that are difficult or even impossible to comprehend and experience at any moment and for every person a confrontation devoid of the facilitations associated with the use of conventions or illustrative elements related to some worldview concept 13 In Szpulak s opinion the portrayal of a borderline situation in a person s life takes on a nuanced form in the Hospital of the Transfiguration There is no trace of the beauty of decay or the pornography of violence 14 On the other hand Robert Birkholc considered Lem s criticisms regarding the depiction of wartime realities in the film as not particularly significant because the Hospital of the Transfiguration is not a faithful reconstruction of the Aktion T4 but a symbolic film presenting a bitter diagnosis of European culture 15 Birkholc also emphasized that The excellent acting biting humor naturalistic scenery and feverish in the most dramatic moments of the story camera work directed by Witold Sobocinski make Zebrowski s work one of the best and most suggestive adaptations of Lem s prose 15 Rewards editYear Institution Reward Recipient 1979 Polish Film Festival Main Award Silver Lions of Gdansk Edward Zebrowski Music Award Malgorzata Jaworska Locarno Film Festival I honorable mention Edward Zebrowski 1981 Brussels Film Festival Crystal Star Piotr Dejmek International Red Cross and Health Protection Film Festival in Varna special jury award Edward ZebrowskiNotes edit Gajewska 2016 pp 81 85 shared a similar view regarding the literary prototype but according to Morawiec 2017 p 282 it diverges from the more probable genesis of Lem s novel the Lviv ghetto is the setting named and quite literal in Lem s novella The Facility According to Morawiec 2017 pp 281 283 inspiration for Lem when writing the Hospital of the transfiguration could have come from both the ongoing crimes against patients at the State Institution for the Mentally and Neurologically Ill in Kobierzyn until 1942 as well as the massacre committed on 12 January 1940 at the psychiatric hospital in Chelm References edit a b c Zebrowski Edward 1978 Szpital przemienienia ninateka pl Archived from the original on 2020 05 25 Retrieved 2021 02 24 a b c d e f g Hospital of the Transfiguration in the FilmPolski pl database Socha 2018 pp 15 23 Socha 2018 pp 15 16 a b c d e f g Szpital Przemienienia Repozytorium Cyfrowe Filmoteki Narodowej in Polish Retrieved 2021 05 16 Zebrowski Edward 2011 Szpital Przemienienia Transfiguration Hospital Wydawnictwo Telewizji Kino Polska Warsaw Archived from the original on 2021 09 29 Retrieved 2021 09 29 Zebrowski Edward 2017 Szpital Przemienienia Transfiguration Hospital Studio Filmowe TOR Studio Blu Warsaw Archived from the original on 2021 09 29 Retrieved 2021 09 29 Kreutzinger Krzysztof 1979 Za plecami Pana Boga Film 3 Marszalek 2014 Sobolewski 2013 p 98 a b Lubelski 2015 p 470 a b Szpulak 2011 p 227 Szpulak 2011 p 229 Szpulak 2011 p 230 a b Birkholc Robert Szpital Przemienienia rez Edward Zebrowski Culture pl in Polish Retrieved 2024 04 09 Bibliography editGajewska Agnieszka 2016 Zaglada i gwiazdy Przeszlosc w prozie Stanislawa Lema Poznan Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im Adama Mickiewicza ISBN 978 83 232 3047 2 Lubelski Tadeusz 2015 Historia kina polskiego 1895 2014 Krakow Universitas Marszalek Rafal 2014 Edward Zebrowski Redivivus Dwutygodnik Retrieved 2021 05 16 Morawiec Arkadiusz 2017 12 15 Dezynfekcja Literatura polska wobec eksterminacji osob psychicznie chorych Przestrzenie Teorii 27 27 261 296 doi 10 14746 pt 2017 27 18 ISSN 2450 5765 Retrieved 2021 10 14 Sobolewski Tadeusz 2013 Piekny dwudziestoletni Kino 48 561 ProQuest 1543482975 Socha Jakub 2018 Zebrowski Hipnotyzer Wolowiec Wydawnictwo Czarne ISBN 978 83 8049 639 2 Szpulak Andrzej 2011 Kamera i poeta doctus O filmach Edwarda Zebrowskiego z perspektywy lotu ptaka Images The International Journal of European Film Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication 9 17 18 Retrieved 2021 09 29 External links editHospital of the Transfiguration in the FilmPolski pl database Hospital of the Transfiguration in the Filmweb database Hospital of the Transfiguration at IMDb nbsp Photos from the film Hospital of the Transfiguration in the National Film Archive database Fototeka Excerpt from the film Hospital of the Transfiguration in the database of the Digital Repository of the National Film database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hospital of the Transfiguration film amp oldid 1225543965, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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