Hoffmann's woodpecker (Melanerpes hoffmannii) is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found from Honduras south to Costa Rica.[2]
Hoffmann's woodpecker was originally described in genus Centurus.[3] Some authors have treated it as a subspecies of the golden-fronted woodpecker (M. aurifrons), and the two hybridize in the north of Hoffmann's range. Hoffmann's also hybridizes with the red-crowned woodpecker (M. rubricapilus) in the south.[4]
Hoffmann's woodpecker is 18 to 21 cm (7.1 to 8.3 in) long and weighs 62 to 84 g (2.2 to 3.0 oz). The sexes' plumage is alike except for their head pattern. Adult males have a dull white forecrown and supercilium, a bright red crown, and a bright yellow or orange nape. Adult females have a dull white crown and a pale yellow nape. Both sexes' faces and the sides of their throat are drab yellowish gray. Their back and upper rump are barred black and white and the lower rump and uppertail coverts are unbarred white. Their flight feathers are black with white bars throughout and some white spots. Their tail is black with some white on most of the feathers. The sides of their throat and breast are drab yellowish gray, their chin, throat, and breast are dull grayish to yellowish white, and their central belly is bright yellow. Their flanks and undertail coverts are dull yellowish white with black bars. Their bill is black, their iris hazel, and their legs bluish gray to gray.[4]
Distribution and habitatedit
Hoffmann's woodpecker is found from southwestern Honduras' Choluteca Department through Nicaragua on the Pacific slope to central Costa Rica.[4] There is also one record from El Salvador.[5] The species inhabits dry and deciduous forests and more open areas such as shade coffee plantations, urban parks, and house gardens. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 400 m (1,300 ft) in Honduras, to 800 m (2,600 ft) in Nicaragua, and to more than 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in Costa Rica.[4]
Behavioredit
Movementedit
Hoffmann's woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.[4]
Feedingedit
Hoffmann's woodpecker typically forages from the forest understory to its canopy, though it has been observed feeding on the ground. Its diet is mostly arthropods that it extracts from decaying trunks and branches. It also feeds on a variety of fruits and takes nectar from large flowers. It occasionally eats the eggs of other birds.[4]
Breedingedit
The breeding season of Hoffmann's woodpecker spans at least from January to July and typically two broods are raised. Both sexes excavate the nest cavity in soft dead wood, living palms, or fence posts. The cavity is typically between 1 and 6 m (3 and 20 ft) above the ground, and both sexes aggressively defend it from other Hoffmann's woodpeckers and tityras. The clutch size is two or three eggs. Both parents incubate the clutch and provision nestlings. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known.[4]
Songs and calls
Listen to Hoffmann's woodpecker on xeno-canto
Vocal and non-vocal soundsedit
The most common Hoffmann's woodpecker call is "churrr", made by both sexes. They also make "a querulous, grating, woick-a woick-a woick-a... or wicka wicka wicka." The species usually drums on dead wood but has been observed drumming on metal structures.[4]
Statusedit
The IUCN has assessed Hoffmann's woodpecker as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and its estimated population of at least 50,000 mature individuals is believed to be increasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It has "increased its distribution in recent years due in part to deforestation following growing human colonization" but "[e]limination of dead trees...negatively affects the population of this species, by limit[ing] the nesting substrates."[4]
Referencesedit
^ abBirdLife International (2020). "Hoffmann's Woodpecker Melanerpes hoffmannii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22680865A168648733. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22680865A168648733.en. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
^ abGill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^Check-list of North American Birds (7th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. p. 335.
^ abcdefghiSandoval, L. (2020). Hoffmann's Woodpecker (Melanerpes hoffmannii), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.hofwoo1.01 retrieved January 19, 2023
^Herrera, Néstor; Rivera, Roberto; Ibarra Portillo, Ricardo; Rodríguez, Wilfredo (2006). "Nuevos registros para la avifauna de El Salvador" [New records for the avifauna of El Salvador] (PDF). Boletín de la Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología (in Spanish). 16 (2). La Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología: 1–19.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Melanerpes hoffmannii.
Wikispecies has information related to Melanerpes hoffmannii.
Hoffmann's woodpecker photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
January 01, 1970
hoffmann, woodpecker, confused, with, hoffmanns, woodcreeper, melanerpes, hoffmannii, species, bird, subfamily, picinae, woodpecker, family, picidae, found, from, honduras, south, costa, rica, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classificat. Not to be confused with Hoffmanns s woodcreeper Hoffmann s woodpecker Melanerpes hoffmannii is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae It is found from Honduras south to Costa Rica 2 Hoffmann s woodpecker Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Piciformes Family Picidae Genus Melanerpes Species M hoffmannii Binomial name Melanerpes hoffmannii Cabanis 1862 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocal and non vocal sounds 5 Status 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy and systematics editHoffmann s woodpecker was originally described in genus Centurus 3 Some authors have treated it as a subspecies of the golden fronted woodpecker M aurifrons and the two hybridize in the north of Hoffmann s range Hoffmann s also hybridizes with the red crowned woodpecker M rubricapilus in the south 4 Hoffmann s woodpecker is monotypic 2 The species is named for the German naturalist Karl Hoffmann citation needed nbsp Female Alajuela Costa RicaDescription editHoffmann s woodpecker is 18 to 21 cm 7 1 to 8 3 in long and weighs 62 to 84 g 2 2 to 3 0 oz The sexes plumage is alike except for their head pattern Adult males have a dull white forecrown and supercilium a bright red crown and a bright yellow or orange nape Adult females have a dull white crown and a pale yellow nape Both sexes faces and the sides of their throat are drab yellowish gray Their back and upper rump are barred black and white and the lower rump and uppertail coverts are unbarred white Their flight feathers are black with white bars throughout and some white spots Their tail is black with some white on most of the feathers The sides of their throat and breast are drab yellowish gray their chin throat and breast are dull grayish to yellowish white and their central belly is bright yellow Their flanks and undertail coverts are dull yellowish white with black bars Their bill is black their iris hazel and their legs bluish gray to gray 4 Distribution and habitat editHoffmann s woodpecker is found from southwestern Honduras Choluteca Department through Nicaragua on the Pacific slope to central Costa Rica 4 There is also one record from El Salvador 5 The species inhabits dry and deciduous forests and more open areas such as shade coffee plantations urban parks and house gardens In elevation it ranges from sea level to 400 m 1 300 ft in Honduras to 800 m 2 600 ft in Nicaragua and to more than 2 100 m 6 900 ft in Costa Rica 4 Behavior editMovement edit Hoffmann s woodpecker is a year round resident throughout its range 4 Feeding edit Hoffmann s woodpecker typically forages from the forest understory to its canopy though it has been observed feeding on the ground Its diet is mostly arthropods that it extracts from decaying trunks and branches It also feeds on a variety of fruits and takes nectar from large flowers It occasionally eats the eggs of other birds 4 Breeding edit The breeding season of Hoffmann s woodpecker spans at least from January to July and typically two broods are raised Both sexes excavate the nest cavity in soft dead wood living palms or fence posts The cavity is typically between 1 and 6 m 3 and 20 ft above the ground and both sexes aggressively defend it from other Hoffmann s woodpeckers and tityras The clutch size is two or three eggs Both parents incubate the clutch and provision nestlings The incubation period and time to fledging are not known 4 nbsp Songs and calls Listen to Hoffmann s woodpecker on xeno canto Vocal and non vocal sounds edit The most common Hoffmann s woodpecker call is churrr made by both sexes They also make a querulous grating woick a woick a woick a or wicka wicka wicka The species usually drums on dead wood but has been observed drumming on metal structures 4 Status editThe IUCN has assessed Hoffmann s woodpecker as being of Least Concern It has a large range and its estimated population of at least 50 000 mature individuals is believed to be increasing No immediate threats have been identified 1 It has increased its distribution in recent years due in part to deforestation following growing human colonization but e limination of dead trees negatively affects the population of this species by limit ing the nesting substrates 4 References edit a b BirdLife International 2020 Hoffmann s Woodpecker Melanerpes hoffmannii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T22680865A168648733 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 3 RLTS T22680865A168648733 en Retrieved 19 January 2023 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds August 2022 Woodpeckers IOC World Bird List v 12 2 Retrieved 9 January 2023 Check list of North American Birds 7th ed Washington D C American Ornithologists Union 1998 p 335 a b c d e f g h i Sandoval L 2020 Hoffmann s Woodpecker Melanerpes hoffmannii version 1 0 In Birds of the World T S Schulenberg Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow hofwoo1 01 retrieved January 19 2023 Herrera Nestor Rivera Roberto Ibarra Portillo Ricardo Rodriguez Wilfredo 2006 Nuevos registros para la avifauna de El Salvador New records for the avifauna of El Salvador PDF Boletin de la Sociedad Antioquena de Ornitologia in Spanish 16 2 La Sociedad Antioquena de Ornitologia 1 19 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Melanerpes hoffmannii nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Melanerpes hoffmannii Hoffmann s woodpecker photo gallery at VIREO Drexel University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hoffmann 27s woodpecker amp oldid 1134632439, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
