History of Podlaskie Voivodeship

Further information: History of Białystok

This is a sub-article to Podlaskie Voivodeship

Throughout its early history, the area comprising the current day Podlaskie Voivodeship was inhabited by various tribes of different ethnic roots. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the area was likely inhabited by Lechitic tribes in the south, Baltic (Yotvingian) tribes in the north, and Ruthenian tribes in the east. Between the 10th and 13th centuries, the area was part of the Ruthenian principalities. The area became a part of the Medieval Slavic cities union of Cherven cities. Until the 14th century the area was part of pro-Kyivan Ruthenian states, and was later annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1569, after the Union of Lublin, the western part of Podlaskie was ceded to the Kingdom of Poland.^[1][2]

Historical periods

The following is a partial list of political subdivisions in which part or all of current day Podlaskie Voivodeship was wholly or partially contained within:

Years	Historical Political Unit	Area of present Voivodeship
		East/South Areas	West Areas	North Areas
1998 1989	Third Polish Republic	Białystok Voivodeship	Łomża Voivodeship	Suwałki Voivodeship
1989 1975	People's Republic of Poland	Białystok Voivodeship	Łomża Voivodeship	Suwałki Voivodeship
1975 1952		Białystok Voivodeship
1952 1945	Republic of Poland	Białystok Voivodeship
1945 1944	Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic	Belastok Region
	Republic of Poland			Provisional Committees
1944 1941	Nazi Germany	Bezirk Bialystok		East Prussia
1941 1939	Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic	Belastok Region
	Nazi Germany			East Prussia
1939 1938	Second Polish Republic	Białystok Voivodeship	Warsaw Voivodeship	Białystok Voivodeship
1938 1918		Białystok Voivodeship
1918 1915	German Empire	Bialystok-Grodno District		Lithuania District
	Kingdom of Poland		TBD

Russian Empire

• Grodno Governorate (1842–1915)
• Belostok Oblast (1807–1842)

Kingdom of Poland (Congress Poland)

Kingdom of Prussia

• Białystok Department (1795–1807)

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

• Podlaskie Voivodeship (1569–1795)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

• Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1569)
• Trakai Voivodeship
• Duchy of Trakai
• Duchy of Lithuania

Kingdom of Poland

• Duchy of Masovia

Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

• Galicia–Volhynia (Land of Berestia)

Kievan Rus

• Kievan Rus
• Yotvingia

History

In the second half of the 15th century, the Drohicka land was divided into three smaller administrative and territorial units: the Drohicka land, the Bielsko land and the Mielnica land. The formal creation of the Podlaskie Voivodeship took place on August 29 1513 when Ivan Sapieha, who held the office of governor and later the Vitebsk governor was appointed the Voivode of Podlasie even before he was formally called to live in that voivodeship. Ivan Sapieha died in 1517 and for three years the voivodship did not have a voivode. In 1519 to this office was appointed to Albertas Goštautas, who possessed extensive Tykocin estates and he was the Voivode of Trotsky.^[3]

In 1520, Sigismund I the Old, who was in Toruń, appointed Janusz Kostewicz for the position of the Podlaskie voivode. In 1566, the area of the Podlasie Voivodship was reduced by the Brest, Kamnica and Kobrin lands, which, together with the Turn-Pińsk principality, formed the Brest-Lithuanian Voivodship. Three years later, in 1569, the reduced Podlasie Province was incorporated into the Crown by the order of Sigismund II Augustus and the resolution of the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

After the third partition of Poland in 1795, Białystok Region came under Prussian rule. In the occupied areas, the Prussians formed the Organization Camera of the War and Domain Camera, which was located in Bialystok. The area of operation of the Camera Organizational Committee in Bialystok included 4 compartments: Wierzbołowski, Pułtusk, Białystok and Łomża. Circuses were divided into smaller organizational units, i.e. districts. They were established in Białystok, Bielsko, Dąbrowa, Goniądz, Sokółka, Tykocin, Ciechanowiec, Drohiczyn, Ostrołęka, Wąsosz, Zambrów, Wiźno, Ciechanów, Maków, Nasielsk, Płońsk, Przasnysz, Wyszków, Hołynka, Kalwaria, Mariampach, Wampachki. The lowest level of the territorial division was made up of village clusters with head leaders, nobility clusters with caretakers and cities with mayors. The works of the Commission ended in 1797 and the Camera of War and Domains of the Białystok Department was created. The Bialystok Department embraced 10 landrat districts. Their headquarters were: Łomża, Goniądz, Drohiczyn, Suraż, Bielsk, Białystok, Dąbrowa, Wigry, Kalwaria, and Mariampol.^[4]

Napoleon gave the poviats of Bialystok, Drohiczyn, Bielsko and Sokólski, with parts of the Suraski, Biebrza and Dąbrowa poviats to Aleksander I, on July 7, 1807, the Tsar of Tylyce, a year later the Russian authorities created a separate administrative unit from this territory - the Belostok Oblast, consisting of from four counties: Białystok, Bielsko, Sokólski and Drohiczyn.

References

1. Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (20 September 2001). A Concise History of Poland. ISBN 9780521559171.
2. Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine (2000). A History of Russia. ISBN 978-0-19-512179-7.
3. Dzieje województwa podlaskiego do 1795 roku, Józef Maroszek, Białystok
4. Dzieje województwa podlaskiego do 1795 roku, Józef Maroszek, Białystok