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The Hispano-Suiza 18R was an eighteen cylinder high performance water-cooled piston engine, in an 80° W or broad arrow layout, for use in racing aircraft, built in France during the latter half of the 1920s.[1]
18R
Hispano-Suiza 18Sbr W-18 engine on display in the Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace in Le Bourget, France.
After failing to enter the Schneider Trophy seaplane race for several years, the French Ministère de l’Air decided to enter the 1929 competition. Two companies were tasked with designing and building floatplane racers to compete with the entries from Italy and Great Britain, resulting in the Nieuport-Delage NiD-450 and Bernard H.V.120, both of which were powered by the specially designed Hispano-Suiza 18R engines.[1]
To power the racers Hispano-Suiza married three six cylinder blocks from the Hispano-Suiza 12Nb to a common crankshaft / crankcase, set at 80° to each other. Retaining the 150 mm (5.91 in) bore and 170 mm (6.69 in) stroke of the 12Nb, the 18R had the compression ratio increased from 6.25:1 to 10:1 with a total displacement of 54.075L (3,299.8ci). Each cylinder aspirated through two valves operated by single overhead cam-shafts with ignition from two spark plugs set on opposite sides of the combustion chamber supplied by magnetos at the rear of the engine. Fuel metering was carried out by nine carburetors each supplying two cylinders.[1]
Construction of the 18R was largely of Elektron magnesium alloy for body components with high strength steels for highly loaded parts such as the crankshaft. In common with many multiple bank and radial engines the pistons were connected to the crankshaft via master and slave connecting rods; the central vertical bank was served by the master rod which housed the big-end bearing with connecting rods articulating from this to the other two banks. The 18R was available with or without a Farman (bevel planetary) reduction gear.[1]
Development issues delayed production of the engine, with the first geared drive engine delivered to Nieuport-Delage in October 1929, a month after the 1929 Schneider Trophy race. Despite the effort put into its development the 18R proved to be unreliable and unable to achieve the expected power output. The poor performance of the 18R prompted the development of the 18S, a de-rated version intended for commercial use. Reducing the compression ratio to 6.2:1 at a maximum rpm of 2,000 and replacing the Elektron with aluminium alloy, the 18S was available with or without the Farman reduction gear, but was not a success, only powering the Ford 14A in the pylon mounted central nacelle.[1]
Operational historyEdit
The 18R and 18S did not have successful careers, only powering four aircraft types in very small production numbers, proving to be totally outclassed by contemporary racing engines, such as the Rolls-Royce R which powered the Supermarine S.6 family of floatplane racers.[1]
^ abcdefghijklmPearce, William (25 July 2013). "Hispano-Suiza 18R and 18Sb Aircraft Engines". oldmachinepress. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
Further readingEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hispano-Suiza 18 Sbr.
Schneider Trophy Seaplanes and Flying Boats by Ralph Pegram (2012)
Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics by Manuel Lage (2004)
Aerosphere 1939 by Glenn Angle (1940)
Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1931–1933 by C.G. Grey
Beyond the Model T: The Other Ventures of Henry Ford by Ford Bryan (1997)
October 21, 2023
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This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Hispano Suiza 18R news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2015 The Hispano Suiza 18R was an eighteen cylinder high performance water cooled piston engine in an 80 W or broad arrow layout for use in racing aircraft built in France during the latter half of the 1920s 1 18RHispano Suiza 18Sbr W 18 engine on display in the Musee de l Air et de l Espace in Le Bourget France Type W 18 high performance Aeor engineNational origin FranceManufacturer Hispano SuizaFirst run 1929 1 Major applications 1 Nieuport Delage NiD 450 Nieuport Delage NiD 650 Bernard H V 120 Bernard V 4 Ford 14ADeveloped from Hispano Suiza 12N 1 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Applications 5 Engines on display 6 Specifications 18R 6 1 General characteristics 6 2 Components 6 3 Performance 7 See also 8 References 9 Further readingDesign and development EditAfter failing to enter the Schneider Trophy seaplane race for several years the French Ministere de l Air decided to enter the 1929 competition Two companies were tasked with designing and building floatplane racers to compete with the entries from Italy and Great Britain resulting in the Nieuport Delage NiD 450 and Bernard H V 120 both of which were powered by the specially designed Hispano Suiza 18R engines 1 To power the racers Hispano Suiza married three six cylinder blocks from the Hispano Suiza 12Nb to a common crankshaft crankcase set at 80 to each other Retaining the 150 mm 5 91 in bore and 170 mm 6 69 in stroke of the 12Nb the 18R had the compression ratio increased from 6 25 1 to 10 1 with a total displacement of 54 075L 3 299 8ci Each cylinder aspirated through two valves operated by single overhead cam shafts with ignition from two spark plugs set on opposite sides of the combustion chamber supplied by magnetos at the rear of the engine Fuel metering was carried out by nine carburetors each supplying two cylinders 1 Construction of the 18R was largely of Elektron magnesium alloy for body components with high strength steels for highly loaded parts such as the crankshaft In common with many multiple bank and radial engines the pistons were connected to the crankshaft via master and slave connecting rods the central vertical bank was served by the master rod which housed the big end bearing with connecting rods articulating from this to the other two banks The 18R was available with or without a Farman bevel planetary reduction gear 1 Development issues delayed production of the engine with the first geared drive engine delivered to Nieuport Delage in October 1929 a month after the 1929 Schneider Trophy race Despite the effort put into its development the 18R proved to be unreliable and unable to achieve the expected power output The poor performance of the 18R prompted the development of the 18S a de rated version intended for commercial use Reducing the compression ratio to 6 2 1 at a maximum rpm of 2 000 and replacing the Elektron with aluminium alloy the 18S was available with or without the Farman reduction gear but was not a success only powering the Ford 14A in the pylon mounted central nacelle 1 Operational history EditThe 18R and 18S did not have successful careers only powering four aircraft types in very small production numbers proving to be totally outclassed by contemporary racing engines such as the Rolls Royce R which powered the Supermarine S 6 family of floatplane racers 1 Variants EditData from 1 18R The original racing engine with 10 1 compression ratio available with or without the Farman reduction gearing 18Sb The de rated 6 2 1 compression ratio commercial version without the Farman reduction gearing 18Sbr The 18Sb with the Farman reduction gearing Applications EditData from 1 Nieuport Delage NiD 450 Nieuport Delage NiD 650 converted from the 2 NiD 450 aircraft Bernard H V 120 Bernard V 4 landplane conversion of the H V 120 01 Ford 14AEngines on display EditOne Hispano Suiza 18Sbr engine is preserved at the Musee de l Air et de l Espace Air amp Space Museum Le Bourget France Data from 1 Specifications 18R EditData from 1 General characteristics Type W 18 80 water cooled in line engine Bore 150 mm 5 91 in Stroke 170 mm 6 69 in Displacement 54 1 L 3 301 38 cu in Length 1 640 mm 64 57 in without reduction gear 1 990 mm 78 35 in with reduction gear Width 1 330 mm 52 36 in Height 1 170 mm 46 06 in Dry weight 540 kg 1 190 lb 18R without reduction gear 600 kg 1 300 lb 18R with reduction gear516 kg 1 138 lb 18Sb without reduction gear 590 kg 1 300 lb 18Sbr with reduction gear dd dd dd Components Valvetrain single shaft driven overhead camshaft with one exhaust and one inlet valve per cylinder Fuel system nine carburretors feeding two cylinders each Fuel type gasoline Oil system pressure fed Cooling system water cooled Reduction gear optional Farman bevel planetary geared drive which weighed 60 kg 130 lb Performance Power output 1 253 kW 1 680 hp at 2 400 rpm 18S 745 kW 999 hp at 2 000 rpm Compression ratio 10 1 18S 6 2 1 See also EditComparable engines Napier LionRelated lists List of aircraft enginesReferences Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m Pearce William 25 July 2013 Hispano Suiza 18R and 18Sb Aircraft Engines oldmachinepress Retrieved 14 September 2013 Further reading Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hispano Suiza 18 Sbr Schneider Trophy Seaplanes and Flying Boats by Ralph Pegram 2012 Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics by Manuel Lage 2004 Aerosphere 1939 by Glenn Angle 1940 Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1931 1933 by C G Grey Beyond the Model T The Other Ventures of Henry Ford by Ford Bryan 1997 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hispano Suiza 18R amp oldid 1171869589, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
