Ancient remains of stone, marble, wood, and bronze hinges have been found. Some date back to at least Ancient Egypt.[1]
In Ancient Rome, hinges were called cardō and gave name to the goddess Cardea and the main street Cardo. This name cardō lives on figuratively today as "the chief thing (on which something turns or depends)" in words such as cardinal.[citation needed]
According to the OED, the English word hinge is related to hang.
Door hinges
Basic hinge
Barrel hinge
A barrel hinge consists of a sectional barrel (the knuckle) secured by a pivot. A barrel is simply a hollow cylinder. The vast majority of hinges operate on the barrel principle.
Butt hinge / Mortise hinge
Any hinge designed to be set into a door frame and/or door is considered a butt hinge or mortise hinge. A hinge can also be made as a half-mortise, where only one half is mortised and the other is not. Most mortise hinges are also barrel hinges because of how they pivot (i.e., a pair of leaves secured to each other by knuckles through which runs a pin).
Butterfly / Parliament (UK) hinge
A decorative variety of barrel hinge with leaves somewhat resembling the wings of a butterfly
Case hinge
Similar to butt hinges, but usually more decorative; most commonly used in suitcases, briefcases, and the like
Used for furniture doors (with or without a self-closing features and/or damping systems),they consist of two parts: (1.) the cup and arm, and (2.) the mounting plate. They are also called "cup hinges", or "Euro hinges", as they were developed in Europe and use metric installation standards. Most concealed hinges offer the advantage of full in situ adjustability for standoff distance from the cabinet face, as well as pitch and roll by means of two screws on each hinge.
Continuous / Piano hinge
This variety of barrel hinge runs the entire length of a door, panel, box, etc. They are manufactured with or without holes.
Flag hinge
A simple two-part hinge, where a single leaf, attached to a pin, is inserted into a leaf with a hole. This allows the hinged objects to be easily removed (such as removable doors). They are made in right- and left-hand configurations.
H hinge
These H-shaped barrel hinges are used on flush-mounted doors. Small H hinges (3–4 in or 76–102 mm) tend to be used for cabinets, while larger ones (6–7 in or 150–180 mm) are for passage doors and closet doors.
HL hinge
Commonly used for passage doors, room doors, and closet doors in the 17th, 18th, and even 19th centuries. On taller doors, H hinges were occasionally used between them.
Pivot hinge
This hinge pivots in openings in the floor and the top of the door frame. Also referred to as double-acting floor hinges, they are found in ancient dry stone buildings and, rarely, in old wooden buildings. They are a low-cost alternative for use with lightweight doors.[2] Doors with these hinges may be called haar-hung doors.
Self-closing hinge
This is a spring-loaded hinge with a speed control function. The same as spring hinge, usually use spring to provide force to close the door and provide a mechanical or hydraulic damper to control door close speed. That can prevent door slamming problem while auto closes a door.[3]
Spring hinge
A spring-loaded hinge that provides assistance in closing or opening the hinge leaves. An inner spring applies force to keep the hinge closed or opened.[4]
Swing Clear hinge
Also called offset door hinges, they are ideal for residential and commercial doors, they allow doors to swing completely clear of their openings. They can easily comply with Fair Housing Act (FHA) code by providing a minimum ADA 32” clearance when using a 34” door slab.
Living hinge
A hinge of flexible plastic that creates a join between two objects without any knuckles or pins. Molded as a single piece, they never trust or squeak, and have several other advantages over other hinges, but are more susceptible to breakage.
Other types of hinges include:
Coach
Counterflap
Cranked or storm-proof
Double action non-spring
Double action spring
Flush
Friction
Lift-off
Pinge (with a quick-release pin)
Rising butt
Security
Tee
Building access
Since at least medieval times, there have been hinges to draw bridges for defensive purposes for fortified buildings. Hinges are used in contemporary architecture where building settlement can be expected over the life of the building. For example, the Dakin Building in Brisbane, California, was designed with its entrance ramp on a large hinge to allow settlement of the building built on piles over bay mud. This device was effective until October 2006, when it was replaced due to damage and excessive ramp slope.
Large structures
Hinges appear in large structures such as elevated freeway and railroad viaducts, to reduce or eliminate the transfer of bending stresses between structural components, typically in an effort to reduce sensitivity to earthquakes. The primary reason for using a hinge, rather than a simpler device such as a slide, is to prevent the separation of adjacent components. When no bending stresses are transmitted across the hinge, it is called a zero moment hinge.
Spacecraft
A variety of self-actuating, self-locking hinges have been developed for spacecraft deployable structures such as solar array panels, synthetic aperture radar antennas, booms, radiators, etc.[5]
Terminology
Components
Pin
The rod that holds the leaves together, inside the knuckle. Also known as a pintle.
Knuckle
The hollow—typically circular—portion creating the joint of the hinge through which the pin is set. The knuckles of either leaf typically alternate and interlock with the pin passing through all of them. (aka. loop, joint, node or curl)
Leaf
The portions (typically two) that extend laterally from the knuckle and typically revolve around the pin.
Characteristics
End play
Axial movement between the leaves along the axis of the pin. This motion allows the leaves to rotate without binding and is determined by the typical distance between knuckles (knuckle gap) when both edges of the leaves are aligned.
Gauge
Thickness of the leaves.
Hinge width
Length from the outer edge of one leaf to the outer edge of the other leaf, perpendicularly across the pin (aka open width).
Hinge length
The length of the leaves parallel to the pin.
Knuckle length
The typical length of an individual knuckle parallel to the pin.
Leaf width
Length from the center of the pin to the outer edge of the leaf.
Pitch
Distance from the end of a knuckle to the same edge of its adjacent knuckle on the same leaf
a restraint device designed to secure an individual's wrists in proximity to each other consisting of two cuffs linked with a double or triple hinge. Hinged handcuffs cuffs tend to restrict movement more than chain-linked handcuffs, and they can be used to generate more leverage to force a suspect's hands behind the back, or to apply pain against the wrist, forcing the subject to comply and stop resisting.[7]
(or coffin hinge) a long hinge, originally used for piano lids, but now used in many other applications where a long hinge is needed.
Gallery
Old construction of hinges in the dry stone wall near Bignasco.
Ancient pivot hinges, found in the dry stone buildings.
A flushed door hinge.
A barrel hinge made of wrought iron.
A barrel hinge made of bronze strap.
Increasing the number of loops to 3 allows the butt hinge axis to be fixed from both ends.
Door in furniture with spring to lock door both fully shut and fully open positions. It hides completely behind the door and has adjustment for fine alignment. Allows the door to open even when against a wall.
Rusty hinges on a building exterior.
This door hinges on the stile and is called a haar-hung door.
Concealed hinge jig – Support and locating tool for drilling recess holes to mount concealed hinges
Floating hinge – Type of hinge that allows rotation and some linear movement
Geared continuous hinge – Type of continuous hinge used mostly on doors in high-traffic entrances
Plain bearing – Simplest type of bearing, comprising just a bearing surface and no rolling elements
Hinge joint, a skeletal bone joint functioning like a hinge
References
^"Door Hinges in Antiquity (Smith's Dictionary, 1875)". Retrieved April 19, 2022.
^"Pivot Hinges". Guden. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
^"Self-Closing Hinges". Watersonusa. 26 August 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
^"Spring Hinges". Guden. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
^ Alan M. Watt; and Sergio Pellegrino. "Tape-Spring Rolling Hinges" p. 2.
^heyok (28 April 2014). "Jeep JK tail gate hinge slop". Archived from the original on 2021-12-12 – via YouTube.
^"On the Job: Lifesaving Handcuffing Tactics". 30 December 2014.
External links
Look up hinge in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hinge.
Hinge Terminology—Hingecraft; graphics visualizing many terms
Guden Hinges and Industrial Hardware: Glossary
April 26, 2023
hinge, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar. For other uses see Hinge disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hinge news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them Two objects connected by an ideal hinge rotate relative to each other about a fixed axis of rotation with all other translations or rotations prevented thus a hinge has one degree of freedom Hinges may be made of flexible material or moving components In biology many joints function as hinges such as the elbow joint An ornate brass door hinge A barrel hinge Contents 1 History 2 Door hinges 3 Building access 4 Large structures 5 Spacecraft 6 Terminology 6 1 Components 6 2 Characteristics 7 Other types 8 Gallery 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistory EditAncient remains of stone marble wood and bronze hinges have been found Some date back to at least Ancient Egypt 1 In Ancient Rome hinges were called cardō and gave name to the goddess Cardea and the main street Cardo This name cardō lives on figuratively today as the chief thing on which something turns or depends in words such as cardinal citation needed According to the OED the English word hinge is related to hang Door hinges Edit Basic hinge Barrel hinge A barrel hinge consists of a sectional barrel the knuckle secured by a pivot A barrel is simply a hollow cylinder The vast majority of hinges operate on the barrel principle Butt hinge Mortise hinge Any hinge designed to be set into a door frame and or door is considered a butt hinge or mortise hinge A hinge can also be made as a half mortise where only one half is mortised and the other is not Most mortise hinges are also barrel hinges because of how they pivot i e a pair of leaves secured to each other by knuckles through which runs a pin Butterfly Parliament UK hinge A decorative variety of barrel hinge with leaves somewhat resembling the wings of a butterflyCase hinge Similar to butt hinges but usually more decorative most commonly used in suitcases briefcases and the likeConcealed hinge Used for furniture doors with or without a self closing features and or damping systems they consist of two parts 1 the cup and arm and 2 the mounting plate They are also called cup hinges or Euro hinges as they were developed in Europe and use metric installation standards Most concealed hinges offer the advantage of full in situ adjustability for standoff distance from the cabinet face as well as pitch and roll by means of two screws on each hinge Continuous Piano hinge This variety of barrel hinge runs the entire length of a door panel box etc They are manufactured with or without holes Flag hinge A simple two part hinge where a single leaf attached to a pin is inserted into a leaf with a hole This allows the hinged objects to be easily removed such as removable doors They are made in right and left hand configurations H hinge These H shaped barrel hinges are used on flush mounted doors Small H hinges 3 4 in or 76 102 mm tend to be used for cabinets while larger ones 6 7 in or 150 180 mm are for passage doors and closet doors HL hinge Commonly used for passage doors room doors and closet doors in the 17th 18th and even 19th centuries On taller doors H hinges were occasionally used between them Pivot hinge This hinge pivots in openings in the floor and the top of the door frame Also referred to as double acting floor hinges they are found in ancient dry stone buildings and rarely in old wooden buildings They are a low cost alternative for use with lightweight doors 2 Doors with these hinges may be called haar hung doors Self closing hinge This is a spring loaded hinge with a speed control function The same as spring hinge usually use spring to provide force to close the door and provide a mechanical or hydraulic damper to control door close speed That can prevent door slamming problem while auto closes a door 3 Spring hinge A spring loaded hinge that provides assistance in closing or opening the hinge leaves An inner spring applies force to keep the hinge closed or opened 4 Swing Clear hinge Also called offset door hinges they are ideal for residential and commercial doors they allow doors to swing completely clear of their openings They can easily comply with Fair Housing Act FHA code by providing a minimum ADA 32 clearance when using a 34 door slab Living hinge A hinge of flexible plastic that creates a join between two objects without any knuckles or pins Molded as a single piece they never trust or squeak and have several other advantages over other hinges but are more susceptible to breakage Other types of hinges include Coach Counterflap Cranked or storm proof Double action non spring Double action spring Flush Friction Lift off Pinge with a quick release pin Rising butt Security TeeBuilding access EditSince at least medieval times there have been hinges to draw bridges for defensive purposes for fortified buildings Hinges are used in contemporary architecture where building settlement can be expected over the life of the building For example the Dakin Building in Brisbane California was designed with its entrance ramp on a large hinge to allow settlement of the building built on piles over bay mud This device was effective until October 2006 when it was replaced due to damage and excessive ramp slope Large structures EditHinges appear in large structures such as elevated freeway and railroad viaducts to reduce or eliminate the transfer of bending stresses between structural components typically in an effort to reduce sensitivity to earthquakes The primary reason for using a hinge rather than a simpler device such as a slide is to prevent the separation of adjacent components When no bending stresses are transmitted across the hinge it is called a zero moment hinge Spacecraft EditA variety of self actuating self locking hinges have been developed for spacecraft deployable structures such as solar array panels synthetic aperture radar antennas booms radiators etc 5 Terminology EditComponents Edit Pin The rod that holds the leaves together inside the knuckle Also known as a pintle Knuckle The hollow typically circular portion creating the joint of the hinge through which the pin is set The knuckles of either leaf typically alternate and interlock with the pin passing through all of them aka loop joint node or curl Leaf The portions typically two that extend laterally from the knuckle and typically revolve around the pin Characteristics Edit End play Axial movement between the leaves along the axis of the pin This motion allows the leaves to rotate without binding and is determined by the typical distance between knuckles knuckle gap when both edges of the leaves are aligned Gauge Thickness of the leaves Hinge width Length from the outer edge of one leaf to the outer edge of the other leaf perpendicularly across the pin aka open width Hinge length The length of the leaves parallel to the pin Knuckle length The typical length of an individual knuckle parallel to the pin Leaf width Length from the center of the pin to the outer edge of the leaf Pitch Distance from the end of a knuckle to the same edge of its adjacent knuckle on the same leaf Door Stop A colloquialism referring to loose angular movement of the leaves relative to the pin 6 Other types EditButler tray hinge Folds to 90 degrees and also snaps flat They are for tables that have a tray top for serving Card table hinge Mortised into edge of antique or reproduction card tables and allow the top to fold onto itself Carpentier joint A hinge consisting of several thin metal strips of curved cross section Drop leaf table hinge Mounted under the surface of a table with leaves that drop down They are most commonly used with rule joints Hinged expansion joint an expansion joint with hinges that allow the unit to bend in a single plane Hinged handcuffs a restraint device designed to secure an individual s wrists in proximity to each other consisting of two cuffs linked with a double or triple hinge Hinged handcuffs cuffs tend to restrict movement more than chain linked handcuffs and they can be used to generate more leverage to force a suspect s hands behind the back or to apply pain against the wrist forcing the subject to comply and stop resisting 7 Hinge region portion of antibody structure between the fragment antigen binding region and the fragment crystallizable region Living hinge a hinge consisting of material that flexes Piano hinge or coffin hinge a long hinge originally used for piano lids but now used in many other applications where a long hinge is needed Gallery Edit Old construction of hinges in the dry stone wall near Bignasco Ancient pivot hinges found in the dry stone buildings A flushed door hinge A barrel hinge made of wrought iron A barrel hinge made of bronze strap Increasing the number of loops to 3 allows the butt hinge axis to be fixed from both ends Door in furniture with spring to lock door both fully shut and fully open positions It hides completely behind the door and has adjustment for fine alignment Allows the door to open even when against a wall Rusty hinges on a building exterior This door hinges on the stile and is called a haar hung door A living hinge on the lid of a Tic Tac box Hinged handcuffs A piano hinge A continuous hinge Swing Clear HingeSee also EditHinge bender a tool for adjusting hinges Concealed hinge jig Support and locating tool for drilling recess holes to mount concealed hinges Floating hinge Type of hinge that allows rotation and some linear movement Geared continuous hinge Type of continuous hinge used mostly on doors in high traffic entrances Plain bearing Simplest type of bearing comprising just a bearing surface and no rolling elements Hinge joint a skeletal bone joint functioning like a hingeReferences Edit Door Hinges in Antiquity Smith s Dictionary 1875 Retrieved April 19 2022 Pivot Hinges Guden Retrieved 15 December 2016 Self Closing Hinges Watersonusa 26 August 2019 Retrieved September 3 2020 Spring Hinges Guden Retrieved 15 December 2016 Alan M Watt and Sergio Pellegrino Tape Spring Rolling Hinges p 2 heyok 28 April 2014 Jeep JK tail gate hinge slop Archived from the original on 2021 12 12 via YouTube On the Job Lifesaving Handcuffing Tactics 30 December 2014 External links Edit Look up hinge in Wiktionary the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hinge Hinge Terminology Hingecraft graphics visualizing many terms Guden Hinges and Industrial Hardware Glossary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hinge amp oldid 1151683590, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
