Herbert Morrison (journalist)
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Herbert Oglevee Morrison (May 14, 1905 – January 10, 1989) was an American radio journalist who recorded for broadcast his dramatic report of the Hindenburg disaster, a catastrophic fire that destroyed the LZ 129 Hindenburg zeppelin on May 6, 1937, killing 35 people.
Herbert Morrison | |
|---|---|
| Born | Herbert Oglevee Morrison May 14, 1905 |
| Died | January 10, 1989 (aged 83) |
| Occupation | Radio journalist |
Morrison was born in Connellsville, Pennsylvania, on May 14, 1905,[1] to Walter Lindsay Morrison and Bertha Frances Oglevee Morrison. Morrison's father left the family early, and Morrison moved with his mother and older brother to Scottdale, Pennsylvania, when he was a young boy. The home he grew up in belonged to his grandmother, who supported the family by taking in boarders.[2]
The Hindenburg disaster edit
Morrison and engineer Charlie Nehlsen[3] had been assigned by station WLS in Chicago to cover the arrival of the Hindenburg in New Jersey for delayed broadcast.[4]
At the time, radio network policy forbade the use of any recorded material other than that used for sound effects, and Morrison and Nehlsen had no facilities for live broadcast. Even so, the results still became the prototype for news broadcasting in the years that followed. The event had no effect on this policy, and recordings were not regularly used until after the end of World War II.
Morrison's description began routinely, but changed instantly as the airship burst into flames:[5]
It's starting to rain again; it's... the rain had (oh) slacked up a little bit. The back motors of the ship are just holding it (uh) just enough to keep it from...It's burst into flames! Get this, Charlie; get this, Charlie! It's fire, and it's crashing! It's crashing, terrible! Oh, my! Get out of the way, please! It's burning, bursting into flames and the... and it's falling on the mooring mast and all the folks agree that this is terrible, this is one of the worst catastrophes in the world. Oh it's... [unintelligible] its flames... Crashing, oh! Four- or five-hundred feet into the sky and it... it's a terrific crash, ladies and gentlemen. It's smoke, and it's flames now; and the frame is crashing to the ground, not quite to the mooring mast. Oh, the humanity, all the passengers. screaming around here. I told you: it... I can't even talk to people, their friends are on there! Ah! It's... it... it's a... ah! I... I can't talk, ladies and gentlemen. Honest: it's just laying there, mass of smoking wreckage. Ah! And everybody can hardly breathe and talk and the screaming, lady, I... I... I'm sorry. Honest, I... I can hardly breathe. I... I'm going to step inside, where I cannot see it. Charlie, that's terrible. Ah, ah... I can't, I... Listen, folks: I... I'm gonna have to stop for a minute because I've lost my voice. This is the worst thing I've ever witnessed.
Morrison and Nehlsen continued their work, reporting at length on the rescue efforts and interviewing survivors, with several pauses while Morrison composed himself. A small and dashing-looking man, Morrison wore a blue serge suit and a topcoat. Morrison mistakenly thought there were 106 people aboard the flight, when in reality there were 97. Thirty-five died in addition to one fatality on the ground. The 16-inch green lacquer disk recordings were rushed back to Chicago by airplane and broadcast in full later that night. Portions were rebroadcast nationally by the NBC Radio network the next day. It was the first time that recordings of a news event were ever broadcast, and also the first coast-to-coast radio broadcast. Morrison's quick professional response and accurate description combined with his own emotional reaction have made the recordings a classic of audio history.
Several people believe that this classic recording is not an accurate reflection of Morrison's speech. These people theorize that Nehlsen's Presto 6D recorder ran about 3% slow, causing Morrison's voice to sound different from how it actually was, and that Morrison's normal speaking and radio announcer voice was actually quite deep as evidenced by other recordings of his voice from the same era.[6]
Audio historian Michael Biel, formerly of Morehead State University, who studied the original recordings and analyzed Nehlsen's vital contribution as an engineer as well as the playback speed issue has said:
I have closely examined the original discs and photographed the grooves at the point of the explosion. You can see several deep digs in the lacquer before the groove disappears. Then almost immediately there is a faint groove for about two revolutions while Charlie Nehlsen gently lowered the cutting head back to the disc. Fortunately the cutting stylus never cut through the lacquer to the aluminum base. If that had happened the most dramatic part of the recording would not have been made because the stylus would have been ruined. The digs and the bouncing off of the cutting head were caused by the shock wave of the explosion which reached the machine just after Morrison said "It burst into flames..." I and several others believe that the originals were recorded slightly slow, and that all replays have been at too fast a speed. Comparison with the now two other known contemporary recordings of Morrison demonstrate this conclusion.[6][7]
Morrison's description has been dubbed onto the newsreel film of the crash, giving the impression of a modern television-style broadcast. However, at the time, newsreels were separately narrated in a studio, and Morrison's words were not heard in theaters.
The availability of newsreel films, photographs and Morrison's description was a result of heavy promotion of the arrival by the Zeppelin Company, making the crash a media event and raising its importance far beyond other disasters, less well-reported and documented.
Morrison's usual broadcast work was as an announcer on live musical programs, but his earlier successful reporting of Midwestern floods from an airplane led to his assignment at Lakehurst that day.
Morrison later served in the Army Air Forces during World War II and was the first news director at WTAE-TV, the ABC television affiliate in Pittsburgh. He also ran for Congress three times as a Pennsylvania Republican. Prior to retirement he served as a technical adviser for the 1975 film The Hindenburg and developed a radio and television section at West Virginia University.
Footnotes edit
- ^ WWII Draft Registration[full citation needed]
- ^ Prather, Tracey (May 12, 2022). "Whispers of the Past-Herbert Morrison and the Hindenburg". Scottsdale (PA) Historical Society.
- ^ BBC Prime: TV Documentary: Days That Shook the World (2003): TV Episode: Disaster in the Skies (2004); Charlie Nehlsen played by Dickon Tolson
- ^ Frassanelli, Mike "The Hindenburg 75 years later: Memories time cannot erase." The Newark Star-Ledger, May 6, 2012.
- ^ Herbert Morrison Hindenburg Radio Broadcast, from WLS Eye Witness Recording Of Airship Hindenburg Disaster, LP vinyl recording.
- ^ a b Miller, Jeff (August 14, 2007). . History of American Broadcasting. members.aol.com. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
Michael Biel of Morehead State University and others chronicle Herbert Morrison's recording and broadcast. From the old.time.radio listserv mailing list. It corrects NPR's report of 1997.
- ^ Biel, Michael Jay (1977). The Making and Use of Recordings in Broadcasting Before 1936. Northwestern University. OCLC 1194705098. ProQuest 302862693.
Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 38-11, Section: A, page: 6377
References edit
- "Herbert Morrison, Hindenburg Reporter." New York Times, January 11, 1989.
- "Herbert Morrison; Gave Report on Hindenburg." Chicago Tribune, January 11, 1989, page 13.
- "Herbert Morrison, Radio Reporter at Hindenburg Crash." Los Angeles Times, January 11, 1989, page 1-20.
- "Unforgettable Day." New York Times, May 5, 1985, page 58.
External links edit
- Herbert Morrison at IMDb
- Miller, Jeff (August 14, 2007). . History of American Broadcasting. members.aol.com. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
Michael Biel of Morehead State University and others chronicle Herbert Morrison's recording and broadcast. From the old.time.radio listserv mailing list. It corrects NPR's report of 1997.
- Morrison's recording
- Morrison's report (36:47) Real Audio
- Alternate (0:57) from Voices of the Twentieth Century
- Morrison's Eye Witness Recording on YouTube (38:56) Original 78 RPM Vinyl
- Morrison's recording Corrected speed version at WLS History
- Hindenburg Disaster on YouTube
- Morrison recording, playback speed adjusted on YouTube