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Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel

Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel KG (23 April 1512 – 24 February 1580) was an English nobleman, who over his long life assumed a prominent place at the court of all the later Tudor sovereigns, probably the only person to do so.

The Earl of Arundel
Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel, in a portrait from the 1560s.
Lord Lieutenant of Sussex
In office
1559–1561
Succeeded byThe Lord Lumley
Chancellor of the University of Oxford
In office
1558–1559
Preceded byReginald Pole
Succeeded byJohn Mason
Lord Chamberlain
In office
1546–1550
Preceded byLord St John
Succeeded byThe Lord Wentworth
Personal details
Born23 April 1512
Died24 February 1580(1580-02-24) (aged 67)
Spouse(s)Katherine Grey
(m. 1545; died 1557)
Children
Parents
Arms of Sir Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel, KG

Court career under Henry VIII Edit

 
Henry FitzAlan, 18th century

He was the only son of William Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel, and his second wife Anne Percy, daughter of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and was named for Henry VIII, who personally stood as his godfather at his baptism.

At 15, Henry Fitzalan became a page at the court of King Henry VIII, attending the king to Calais in 1532.[1] When he came of age, in 1533, he was summoned to Parliament as Lord Maltravers,[1] a subsidiary title of his father, who was still alive. He attended the trials of Anne Boleyn and her alleged lover Lord Rochford in May 1536.

In 1540 he was appointed deputy of Calais. He remained there, improving the fortifications at his own expense, until his father's death in early 1544. He returned to England to assume the earldom, and was made a Knight of the Garter. War with France soon brought him back to the continent, where he spent much of 1544. He then returned to England, where the king appointed him Lord Chamberlain.[1]

Edward VI Edit

After King Henry's death in 1547, the Earl was Earl Marshal acted as Edward VI's coronation.[2] He continued as Lord Chamberlain, and in addition, by the terms of Henry's will, was designated one of the council of 12 assistant executors. Under the new King's uncle, Lord Protector Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, Arundel's influence diminished, and he soon became an advocate of Somerset's removal.[1]

 
Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel, dressed as a Roman Emperor, by Hans Eworth, 1550.

Somerset was deposed and sent to the Tower of London in October 1549, with Arundel, Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, and John Dudley, Earl of Warwick (later Duke of Northumberland) among the leaders of the new governing group.[citation needed] In early 1550 Warwick removed Arundel and Southampton, who were religious conservatives, from office. Arundel was placed under house arrest under dubious charges of peculation. He was also fined £12,000, £8,000 of which was later remitted. Within a few months, he was cleared of the charges, but the experience pushed him into the camp of the Duke of Somerset, who had been released from the Tower and readmitted to the Privy Council. When Somerset was again arrested in 1551, Arundel was implicated in some of his plots, and was himself arrested and imprisoned for a year. He was eventually pardoned, again heavily fined, and returned to his place on the Council in May 1553.[1]

Intrigues and position under Mary I Edit

King Edward's health was seriously declining, and on 21 June 1553 Arundel was among those who signed Edward's letters patent which conferred the succession on Lady Jane Grey. After the King's death, and after Northumberland had left London, however, together with the Earl of Pembroke, he worked for the proclamation of Mary I on 19 July 1553. Arundel tricked Northumberland into attacking Mary, then called an assembly of the leaders of the city, denounced Northumberland, and had Mary proclaimed queen. Taking the great seal and a letter of submission by the Council, he then rode off to Framlingham, where Mary was staying. He then secured Northumberland in Cambridge, and returned to London with Mary.[1]

At Mary's coronation, Arundel was for the second time High Constable, and was then appointed Lord Steward of the royal household. He served in various roles in her court, being, for example, one of the nobles who received her husband Philip II of Spain when he landed at Southampton. Later, he presided over the trial of his brother-in-law, Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, assisted in suppressing Wyatt's rebellion in 1554, was dispatched on foreign missions, and in September 1555 accompanied Philip to Brussels. The same year he and others received a charter under the name of Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands, for the discovery of unknown lands, and was made high steward of the University of Oxford, being chosen chancellor in 1559, but resigning his office in the same year. In 1557, on the prospect of a war with France, he was appointed lieutenant-general of the forces for the defence of the country, and in 1558 attended the conference for the negotiation of peace. He returned to England on the death of Mary in November 1558.[1]

In 1555 he promoted the marriage of his daughter Mary to 4th Duke of Norfolk. Mary died in August 1557 but shortly before she died she gave birth to her only son, Philip Howard, who would later become Henry's sole heir.

Positions under Elizabeth I Edit

Although Elizabeth I did not trust him, he was too powerful to be slighted or ignored, and so he was retained in his various offices when she ascended the throne. For the third time, he had a high place at a royal coronation. However, as a Roman Catholic, he opposed the arrest of his co-religionists and the war with Scotland. He incurred the queen's displeasure in 1562 by holding a meeting at his house during her illness to consider the question of succession and promote the claims of Lady Catherine Grey. In 1564, being suspected of intrigues against the government, he was dismissed from the lord-stewardship and confined to his house, but was restored to favour in December.[1]

In March 1566 he went to Padua, but being summoned back by the queen he returned to London on the 17th of April 1567. The following year he served on the commission of inquiry into the charges against Mary, Queen of Scots. He made use of an international incident in 1568 as a means of effecting William Cecil's overthrow, and urged upon the Spanish government the stoppage of trade.[1]

In January he alarmed Elizabeth by communicating to her a supposed Spanish project for aiding Mary and replacing her on her throne, and put before the queen in writing his own objections to the adoption of extreme measures against her. In September, on the discovery of Norfolk's plot, he was arrested, but not having committed himself sufficiently to incur the charge of treason in the rebellion he escaped punishment, was released in March 1570, and was recalled by Robert Dudley to the council with the aim of embarrassing Cecil. He again renewed his intrigues, which were at length to some extent exposed by the discovery of the Ridolfi plot in September 1571. He was once more arrested, and not liberated till December 1572 after Norfolk's execution.[1]

In June 1578 his daughter, Jane died without living descendants, as her only three children from her marriage to John Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley all died in infancy. With the death of his daughter Jane, his grandson Philip Howard, son of his daughter Mary, was left as his only surviving descendant and thus became the heir to the Earldom of Arundel and the entirety of the vast estates Henry owned in Sussex, including Arundel Castle.

Henry died on 24 February 1580 and was buried in the Fitzalan Chapel of Arundel Castle, where a monument was erected to his memory.[1]

Coaches were introduced into England from France by Henry Fitzalan, who travelled widely on the Continent in the mid-1560s.[3]

Marriage and children Edit

Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel, was first married to Katherine Grey, daughter of Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, and Margaret Wotton. By her, he had three children:

It is by said marriage that Arundel was the brother-in-law of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, father of Lady Jane Grey.

His second wife was Mary, daughter of Sir John Arundell of a prominent Cornish family, and widow of Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex. They had no children.

Widower again, Henry is presented as suitor of Princess Cecilia of Sweden. However, nothing came out of it.

Portraiture Edit

Arundel's portrait was painted several times, including once by Hans Holbein and by Hans Eworth.[4]

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Chisholm 1911, p. 707.
  2. ^ John Gough Nichols, Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth, vol. 1 (London, 1857), p. ccxcvii.
  3. ^ Matthias Corvinus
  4. ^ Edward Chaney, The Evolution of the Grand Tour, 2nd ed (London, 2000), p. 8
  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Arundel, Earls of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 706–709.
  • Ives, Eric (2009). Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-9413-6.
  • Loades, David (2004). Intrigue and Treason: The Tudor Court, 1547–1558. Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-77226-5.

External links Edit

  • Catholic Encyclopedia article
Political offices
Preceded by
Unknown
Lord Lieutenant of Sussex
1559–1561
Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Oxford
1558–1559
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Chamberlain
1546–1550
Succeeded by
Peerage of England
Preceded by Earl of Arundel
1544–1580
Succeeded by
Baron Maltravers
(writ in acceleration)

1533–1580

henry, fitzalan, 12th, earl, arundel, those, similar, name, henry, fitzalan, howard, disambiguation, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, mor. For those of a similar name see Henry Fitzalan Howard disambiguation This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Henry Fitzalan 12th Earl of Arundel KG 23 April 1512 24 February 1580 was an English nobleman who over his long life assumed a prominent place at the court of all the later Tudor sovereigns probably the only person to do so The Right HonourableThe Earl of ArundelKG PCHenry Fitzalan 12th Earl of Arundel in a portrait from the 1560s Lord Lieutenant of SussexIn office 1559 1561Succeeded byThe Lord LumleyChancellor of the University of OxfordIn office 1558 1559Preceded byReginald PoleSucceeded byJohn MasonLord ChamberlainIn office 1546 1550Preceded byLord St JohnSucceeded byThe Lord WentworthPersonal detailsBorn23 April 1512Died24 February 1580 1580 02 24 aged 67 Spouse s Katherine GreyMary Arundell m 1545 died 1557 wbr ChildrenHenry FitzalanJane FitzAlanMary FitzAlanParentsWilliam Fitzalan 11th Earl of Arundel father Anne Percy mother Arms of Sir Henry Fitzalan 12th Earl of Arundel KG Contents 1 Court career under Henry VIII 2 Edward VI 3 Intrigues and position under Mary I 4 Positions under Elizabeth I 5 Marriage and children 6 Portraiture 7 References 8 External linksCourt career under Henry VIII Edit nbsp Henry FitzAlan 18th centuryHe was the only son of William Fitzalan 11th Earl of Arundel and his second wife Anne Percy daughter of Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland and was named for Henry VIII who personally stood as his godfather at his baptism At 15 Henry Fitzalan became a page at the court of King Henry VIII attending the king to Calais in 1532 1 When he came of age in 1533 he was summoned to Parliament as Lord Maltravers 1 a subsidiary title of his father who was still alive He attended the trials of Anne Boleyn and her alleged lover Lord Rochford in May 1536 In 1540 he was appointed deputy of Calais He remained there improving the fortifications at his own expense until his father s death in early 1544 He returned to England to assume the earldom and was made a Knight of the Garter War with France soon brought him back to the continent where he spent much of 1544 He then returned to England where the king appointed him Lord Chamberlain 1 Edward VI EditAfter King Henry s death in 1547 the Earl was Earl Marshal acted as Edward VI s coronation 2 He continued as Lord Chamberlain and in addition by the terms of Henry s will was designated one of the council of 12 assistant executors Under the new King s uncle Lord Protector Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset Arundel s influence diminished and he soon became an advocate of Somerset s removal 1 nbsp Henry Fitzalan 12th Earl of Arundel dressed as a Roman Emperor by Hans Eworth 1550 Somerset was deposed and sent to the Tower of London in October 1549 with Arundel Thomas Wriothesley 1st Earl of Southampton and John Dudley Earl of Warwick later Duke of Northumberland among the leaders of the new governing group citation needed In early 1550 Warwick removed Arundel and Southampton who were religious conservatives from office Arundel was placed under house arrest under dubious charges of peculation He was also fined 12 000 8 000 of which was later remitted Within a few months he was cleared of the charges but the experience pushed him into the camp of the Duke of Somerset who had been released from the Tower and readmitted to the Privy Council When Somerset was again arrested in 1551 Arundel was implicated in some of his plots and was himself arrested and imprisoned for a year He was eventually pardoned again heavily fined and returned to his place on the Council in May 1553 1 Intrigues and position under Mary I EditKing Edward s health was seriously declining and on 21 June 1553 Arundel was among those who signed Edward s letters patent which conferred the succession on Lady Jane Grey After the King s death and after Northumberland had left London however together with the Earl of Pembroke he worked for the proclamation of Mary I on 19 July 1553 Arundel tricked Northumberland into attacking Mary then called an assembly of the leaders of the city denounced Northumberland and had Mary proclaimed queen Taking the great seal and a letter of submission by the Council he then rode off to Framlingham where Mary was staying He then secured Northumberland in Cambridge and returned to London with Mary 1 At Mary s coronation Arundel was for the second time High Constable and was then appointed Lord Steward of the royal household He served in various roles in her court being for example one of the nobles who received her husband Philip II of Spain when he landed at Southampton Later he presided over the trial of his brother in law Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk assisted in suppressing Wyatt s rebellion in 1554 was dispatched on foreign missions and in September 1555 accompanied Philip to Brussels The same year he and others received a charter under the name of Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands for the discovery of unknown lands and was made high steward of the University of Oxford being chosen chancellor in 1559 but resigning his office in the same year In 1557 on the prospect of a war with France he was appointed lieutenant general of the forces for the defence of the country and in 1558 attended the conference for the negotiation of peace He returned to England on the death of Mary in November 1558 1 In 1555 he promoted the marriage of his daughter Mary to 4th Duke of Norfolk Mary died in August 1557 but shortly before she died she gave birth to her only son Philip Howard who would later become Henry s sole heir Positions under Elizabeth I EditAlthough Elizabeth I did not trust him he was too powerful to be slighted or ignored and so he was retained in his various offices when she ascended the throne For the third time he had a high place at a royal coronation However as a Roman Catholic he opposed the arrest of his co religionists and the war with Scotland He incurred the queen s displeasure in 1562 by holding a meeting at his house during her illness to consider the question of succession and promote the claims of Lady Catherine Grey In 1564 being suspected of intrigues against the government he was dismissed from the lord stewardship and confined to his house but was restored to favour in December 1 In March 1566 he went to Padua but being summoned back by the queen he returned to London on the 17th of April 1567 The following year he served on the commission of inquiry into the charges against Mary Queen of Scots He made use of an international incident in 1568 as a means of effecting William Cecil s overthrow and urged upon the Spanish government the stoppage of trade 1 In January he alarmed Elizabeth by communicating to her a supposed Spanish project for aiding Mary and replacing her on her throne and put before the queen in writing his own objections to the adoption of extreme measures against her In September on the discovery of Norfolk s plot he was arrested but not having committed himself sufficiently to incur the charge of treason in the rebellion he escaped punishment was released in March 1570 and was recalled by Robert Dudley to the council with the aim of embarrassing Cecil He again renewed his intrigues which were at length to some extent exposed by the discovery of the Ridolfi plot in September 1571 He was once more arrested and not liberated till December 1572 after Norfolk s execution 1 In June 1578 his daughter Jane died without living descendants as her only three children from her marriage to John Lumley 1st Baron Lumley all died in infancy With the death of his daughter Jane his grandson Philip Howard son of his daughter Mary was left as his only surviving descendant and thus became the heir to the Earldom of Arundel and the entirety of the vast estates Henry owned in Sussex including Arundel Castle Henry died on 24 February 1580 and was buried in the Fitzalan Chapel of Arundel Castle where a monument was erected to his memory 1 Coaches were introduced into England from France by Henry Fitzalan who travelled widely on the Continent in the mid 1560s 3 Marriage and children EditHenry Fitzalan 12th Earl of Arundel was first married to Katherine Grey daughter of Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess of Dorset and Margaret Wotton By her he had three children Jane FitzAlan 1537 1576 7 who married John Lumley 1st Baron Lumley Henry Fitzalan 1538 1556 styled Lord Maltravers Mary FitzAlan 1540 1557 who married Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk and whose son Philip eventually inherited the Earldom of Arundel It is by said marriage that Arundel was the brother in law of Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk father of Lady Jane Grey His second wife was Mary daughter of Sir John Arundell of a prominent Cornish family and widow of Robert Radcliffe 1st Earl of Sussex They had no children Widower again Henry is presented as suitor of Princess Cecilia of Sweden However nothing came out of it Portraiture EditArundel s portrait was painted several times including once by Hans Holbein and by Hans Eworth 4 References Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry FitzAlan 19th Earl of Arundel a b c d e f g h i j k Chisholm 1911 p 707 John Gough Nichols Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth vol 1 London 1857 p ccxcvii Matthias Corvinus Edward Chaney The Evolution of the Grand Tour 2nd ed London 2000 p 8 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Arundel Earls of Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 2 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 706 709 Ives Eric 2009 Lady Jane Grey A Tudor Mystery Wiley Blackwell ISBN 978 1 4051 9413 6 Loades David 2004 Intrigue and Treason The Tudor Court 1547 1558 Pearson Longman ISBN 0 582 77226 5 External links EditCatholic Encyclopedia articlePolitical officesPreceded byUnknown Lord Lieutenant of Sussex1559 1561 Succeeded byThe Lord LumleyAcademic officesPreceded byReginald Pole Chancellor of the University of Oxford1558 1559 Succeeded byJohn MasonPolitical officesPreceded byLord St John Lord Chamberlain1546 1550 Succeeded byThe Lord WentworthPeerage of EnglandPreceded byWilliam Fitzalan Earl of Arundel1544 1580 Succeeded byPhilip HowardBaron Maltravers writ in acceleration 1533 1580 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry Fitzalan 12th Earl of Arundel amp oldid 1178605404, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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