Hengchun Old City Wall (traditional Chinese: 恆春縣城; simplified Chinese: 恒春县城; pinyin: Héngchūn Xiànchéng) refers to the historic castle town of Hengchun, Pingtung, Taiwan. The town is known for its well-preserved city walls that surround the city, and is the only castle town in Taiwan where all of the original gates remain standing. It is protected as a national historical site.[1]
During the Qing dynasty, the area that is modern-day Hengchun was governed as part of Fengshan County. However, being a distant and sparsely populated region, the Qing found it hard to govern the area. Things took a turn following the Rover incident and the Mudan incident, causing the Qing government to decide to maintain a stronger presence in the area. Shen Baozhen, originally dispatched to Hengchun after the Mudan incident, suggested that a fort be built in the area and named it "Hengchun", meaning "constantly spring", referring to the region's fair weather. Construction ran between 1875 and 1879 and was designed by Liu Ao, who would later design the Walls of Taipei.[1] When completed, Hengchun became the seat of the newly-founded Hengchun County.[2]
Since its founding, the fort was damaged multiple times. An typhoon in 1908 caused severe damage to the wooden gatehouses, and large parts of the walls were further damaged during World War Two and the 1959 Hengchun earthquake. Additionally, parts of the wall were removed to construct roads, leaving only portions of the wall near the north and east gates still standing. The castle was first protected as a national historical site in 1979, and the Tourism Bureau began repairs to the south and east gates in 1979 and 1986, respectively, including building replica gatehouses above both gates. However, termites in the east gatehouse caused it to collapse again.[3]
Structureedit
A stretch of castle wall between the north and west gates.
The original fort contained four gates, one in each cardinal direction (except the west gate, which faced northwest). Each gate featured a gatehouse and cannons. The southern gate was named the "Mingdu Gate" (明都門), while the remaining gates were left unnamed. The walls were 2.6 km long and surrounded the entire town, which was then surrounded by a moat. Within the walls, civilians typically resided near the south and west gates, while a military barrack occupied the northern half of the town.[1]
Currently, while all four gates remain standing, only portions of the wall remain near the north and east gates. The south gate sits within a roundabout on the town's major thoroughfare.
^ abc"恆春古城". National Cultural Heritage Database Management System (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Bureau of Cultural Heritage. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
^Davidson, James Wheeler (1903). The island of Formosa, past and present. History, people, resources, and commercial prospects. Tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions. Macmillan & Co. p. 209. Retrieved November 7, 2019. The territory to the south [of Fengshan] became Hengchun district. As the seat for the magistrate of this new district, a wall was erected around one of the villages.
hengchun, city, wall, traditional, chinese, 恆春縣城, simplified, chinese, 恒春县城, pinyin, héngchūn, xiànchéng, refers, historic, castle, town, hengchun, pingtung, taiwan, town, known, well, preserved, city, walls, that, surround, city, only, castle, town, taiwan, w. Hengchun Old City Wall traditional Chinese 恆春縣城 simplified Chinese 恒春县城 pinyin Hengchun Xiancheng refers to the historic castle town of Hengchun Pingtung Taiwan The town is known for its well preserved city walls that surround the city and is the only castle town in Taiwan where all of the original gates remain standing It is protected as a national historical site 1 Hengchun Old City WallNative name Chinese 恆春縣城The south gate of the fortTypeCity wallsLocationHengchun Pingtung TaiwanBuilt1879 145 years ago 1879 Contents 1 History 2 Structure 3 Gallery 4 ReferencesHistory editDuring the Qing dynasty the area that is modern day Hengchun was governed as part of Fengshan County However being a distant and sparsely populated region the Qing found it hard to govern the area Things took a turn following the Rover incident and the Mudan incident causing the Qing government to decide to maintain a stronger presence in the area Shen Baozhen originally dispatched to Hengchun after the Mudan incident suggested that a fort be built in the area and named it Hengchun meaning constantly spring referring to the region s fair weather Construction ran between 1875 and 1879 and was designed by Liu Ao who would later design the Walls of Taipei 1 When completed Hengchun became the seat of the newly founded Hengchun County 2 Since its founding the fort was damaged multiple times An typhoon in 1908 caused severe damage to the wooden gatehouses and large parts of the walls were further damaged during World War Two and the 1959 Hengchun earthquake Additionally parts of the wall were removed to construct roads leaving only portions of the wall near the north and east gates still standing The castle was first protected as a national historical site in 1979 and the Tourism Bureau began repairs to the south and east gates in 1979 and 1986 respectively including building replica gatehouses above both gates However termites in the east gatehouse caused it to collapse again 3 Structure edit nbsp A stretch of castle wall between the north and west gates The original fort contained four gates one in each cardinal direction except the west gate which faced northwest Each gate featured a gatehouse and cannons The southern gate was named the Mingdu Gate 明都門 while the remaining gates were left unnamed The walls were 2 6 km long and surrounded the entire town which was then surrounded by a moat Within the walls civilians typically resided near the south and west gates while a military barrack occupied the northern half of the town 1 Currently while all four gates remain standing only portions of the wall remain near the north and east gates The south gate sits within a roundabout on the town s major thoroughfare Gallery edit nbsp East gate nbsp North gate nbsp West gate nbsp Embrasures on top of the wallReferences edit a b c 恆春古城 National Cultural Heritage Database Management System in Chinese Taiwan Bureau of Cultural Heritage Retrieved November 7 2019 Davidson James Wheeler 1903 The island of Formosa past and present History people resources and commercial prospects Tea camphor sugar gold coal sulphur economical plants and other productions Macmillan amp Co p 209 Retrieved November 7 2019 The territory to the south of Fengshan became Hengchun district As the seat for the magistrate of this new district a wall was erected around one of the villages 恆春古城 Kenting National Park in Chinese Taiwan Retrieved November 7 2019 22 00 14 N 120 44 43 E 22 004 N 120 7453 E 22 004 120 7453 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hengchun Old City Wall amp oldid 1176034490, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
