Hendrick de Keyser (15 May 1565 – 15 May 1621) was a Dutch sculptor, merchant in Belgium bluestone, and architect who was instrumental in establishing a late Renaissance form of Mannerism changing into Baroque.[1] Most of his works appeared in Amsterdam, some elsewhere in the Dutch Republic. He was the father of Pieter and Thomas de Keyser and Willem, and the uncle of Huybert de Keyser, who became his apprentices and all involved in building, decoration and architecture.
Portrait of Hendrick de Keyser (1621/25) by Thomas de Keyser
Part from Westertoren, gravure in Architectura Moderna (1631) by Salomon de Bray
Hendrick de Keyser was born in Utrecht, and the son of a cabinetmaker. He grew up in an expropriated monastery, the Catalijne Convent. As a young man he was apprenticed to the engineer Cornelis Bloemaert (the elder). In 1591 he followed Bloemaert to Amsterdam and married Beyken van Wildre from Antwerp. Soon he set to work as an independent artist. In 1595 he was appointed city stonemason and sculptor. In 1603 the working on the Zuiderkerk stopped but they resumed construction in 1606, when they agreed with the church board.[2][3] Meanwhile, he visited London, together with Cornelis Danckerts de Ry to study the Royal Exchange, London. There he contracted Nicholas Stone? Perhaps they met with Inigo Jones, but he does not appear to have turned seriously to architecture until after his Italian tour of 1614.[4]
In 1608 De Keyser sold petit Granit which was used for the weigh house in Hoorn; he also designed the dormers on the rooftop.[5] From 1609 De Keyser lived at the corner of Groenburgwal, near Amstel. De Keyser was visited by Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger and his brother Lorenz from Denmark who may have asked him for advice or training.[6] Quite a few of his siblings lived in the area. His brothers Jacob who was a cabinetmaker, and Aert a timber merchant, and Huybert his nephew all lived near Jodenbreestraat in a sidestreet. (In 1639 the heirs sold the house to the sephardic community.) De Keyser was friendly with the painter Cornelis Ketel, whom he visited when Ketel made his will; both were Arminian or Remonstrant.[7][8] De Keyser's relations with Ketel are illustrated by the portraits Ketel painted of the architect.[9][10]
Hendrick is famous for a number of important buildings, gates and towers which belong to the core of Dutch historic sites. Today the Zuiderkerk (1603/6-1611) and accompanying tower (1614), the City Hall (Delft) (1618-1620), the Westerkerk (1620-1631) are among the historic buildings which provide important insights into De Keyser's work. He cooperated with Hendrick Jacobsz. Staets en Cornelis Danckertsz. His Commodity Exchange of 1608-1613 was pulled down in the 19th century. The East India House in Amsterdam was most likely also designed by him; later extensions were done by his sons. In the year 1616 he renovated the Bank van Lening. The renovation of the Waag took place in 1617 according to his design; in 1619 the Munttoren was prepared for adding a clock.
Hendrick de Keyser's projects in Amsterdam during the early decades of the 17th century helped establish a late Mannerist style referred to as "Amsterdam Renaissance". He could be influenced by Paul Vredeman de Vries. The Amsterdam Renaissance style deviates in many respects from sixteenth-century Italian Renaissance architecture. Classical elements such as pilasters, cornices and pediments were used on a large scale, but mainly as decorative elements. De Keyser never slavishly followed the tenets of classical architecture as laid down in the Italian treatises by Serlio and Palladio. His version came to full bloom at the end of the second decade of the 17th century, and set the stage for the later Dutch classical phase of Jacob van Campen and Pieter Post.
Apart from pursuing a career as an architect, De Keyser remained active as a sculptor. He designed the tomb of William the Silent for the Nieuwe Kerk (Delft) (1614-1623). However, De Keyser did not live to see the finished product. His son Pieter, who inherited his tools and designs, completed his work.[11] In 1631 Salomon de Bray included the architect's most important sketches, based on mathematical regularity, in his book ’Architectura Moderna’.[12]
De Keyser's career was not limited to Amsterdam, and his international contacts helped him to keep in touch with the mainstream of European architecture. In 1607 the Amsterdam city magistrates sent him to England; it is believed he worked with Inigo Jones?[citation needed] When De Keyser and Danckerts returned to Amsterdam Nicholas Stone, joined them. For several years Stone worked with De Keyser and even became his son-in-law in 1613. His grandson Henry Stone (painter) studied with Thomas de Keyser. De Keyser died on his birthday and was buried in the nearby Zuiderkerk.
List of worksedit
Playful entrance of tower Zuiderkerk (1614) by Hendrick de Keyser
1603: Rasphuispoortje, Amsterdam. The decoration on the top is not by HdK and dates from 1663.
1606: Oost-Indisch Huis, Amsterdam. The attribution to HdK is uncertain.
^De Waag en Hendrick de Keyser Bronnen in het Hoornse stadsarchief by Jan de Bruin (2001); Neurdenburg, E. van (1930), p. 77
^Neurdenburg, E. van (1930) Hendrick de Keyser. Beeldhouwer en bouwmeester van Amsterdam, p. 92, 93, 129
^1606 20 maart NA 36-118 [ook NA 26-677] not. J. Gijsberti; 1610 28 mei NA 38-103v 104 not. J. Gijsberti; 1613 3/12 nov. NA 14-60/64 not. S. Henricx. Details from R. Koopman, Zaandam.
^Architectura moderna ofte bouwinge van onsen tyt (1971)–Salomon de Bray. DBNL
^H. van Hall, Portretten van Nederlandse beeldende kunstenaars, Amsterdam 1963, p. 167
^Neurdenburg, E. van (1930) Hendrick de Keyser. Beeldhouwer en bouwmeester van Amsterdam, p. 142
^Neurdenburg, E. van (1930) Hendrick de Keyser. Beeldhouwer en bouwmeester van Amsterdam, p. 95
^Architectura moderna ofte bouwinge van onsen tyt (1971)–Salomon de Bray. DBNL
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hendrick de Keyser.
Hendrick de Keyser at Archimon
Vermeer and The Delft School, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Hendrick de Keyser
November 02, 2023
hendrick, keyser, 1565, 1621, dutch, sculptor, merchant, belgium, bluestone, architect, instrumental, establishing, late, renaissance, form, mannerism, changing, into, baroque, most, works, appeared, amsterdam, some, elsewhere, dutch, republic, father, pieter,. Hendrick de Keyser 15 May 1565 15 May 1621 was a Dutch sculptor merchant in Belgium bluestone and architect who was instrumental in establishing a late Renaissance form of Mannerism changing into Baroque 1 Most of his works appeared in Amsterdam some elsewhere in the Dutch Republic He was the father of Pieter and Thomas de Keyser and Willem and the uncle of Huybert de Keyser who became his apprentices and all involved in building decoration and architecture Portrait of Hendrick de Keyser 1621 25 by Thomas de Keyser Contents 1 Biography and works 2 List of works 3 Gallery 4 References 5 External linksBiography and works edit nbsp Part from Westertoren gravure in Architectura Moderna 1631 by Salomon de BrayHendrick de Keyser was born in Utrecht and the son of a cabinetmaker He grew up in an expropriated monastery the Catalijne Convent As a young man he was apprenticed to the engineer Cornelis Bloemaert the elder In 1591 he followed Bloemaert to Amsterdam and married Beyken van Wildre from Antwerp Soon he set to work as an independent artist In 1595 he was appointed city stonemason and sculptor In 1603 the working on the Zuiderkerk stopped but they resumed construction in 1606 when they agreed with the church board 2 3 Meanwhile he visited London together with Cornelis Danckerts de Ry to study the Royal Exchange London There he contracted Nicholas Stone Perhaps they met with Inigo Jones but he does not appear to have turned seriously to architecture until after his Italian tour of 1614 4 In 1608 De Keyser sold petit Granit which was used for the weigh house in Hoorn he also designed the dormers on the rooftop 5 From 1609 De Keyser lived at the corner of Groenburgwal near Amstel De Keyser was visited by Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger and his brother Lorenz from Denmark who may have asked him for advice or training 6 Quite a few of his siblings lived in the area His brothers Jacob who was a cabinetmaker and Aert a timber merchant and Huybert his nephew all lived near Jodenbreestraat in a sidestreet In 1639 the heirs sold the house to the sephardic community De Keyser was friendly with the painter Cornelis Ketel whom he visited when Ketel made his will both were Arminian or Remonstrant 7 8 De Keyser s relations with Ketel are illustrated by the portraits Ketel painted of the architect 9 10 Hendrick is famous for a number of important buildings gates and towers which belong to the core of Dutch historic sites Today the Zuiderkerk 1603 6 1611 and accompanying tower 1614 the City Hall Delft 1618 1620 the Westerkerk 1620 1631 are among the historic buildings which provide important insights into De Keyser s work He cooperated with Hendrick Jacobsz Staets en Cornelis Danckertsz His Commodity Exchange of 1608 1613 was pulled down in the 19th century The East India House in Amsterdam was most likely also designed by him later extensions were done by his sons In the year 1616 he renovated the Bank van Lening The renovation of the Waag took place in 1617 according to his design in 1619 the Munttoren was prepared for adding a clock Hendrick de Keyser s projects in Amsterdam during the early decades of the 17th century helped establish a late Mannerist style referred to as Amsterdam Renaissance He could be influenced by Paul Vredeman de Vries The Amsterdam Renaissance style deviates in many respects from sixteenth century Italian Renaissance architecture Classical elements such as pilasters cornices and pediments were used on a large scale but mainly as decorative elements De Keyser never slavishly followed the tenets of classical architecture as laid down in the Italian treatises by Serlio and Palladio His version came to full bloom at the end of the second decade of the 17th century and set the stage for the later Dutch classical phase of Jacob van Campen and Pieter Post Apart from pursuing a career as an architect De Keyser remained active as a sculptor He designed the tomb of William the Silent for the Nieuwe Kerk Delft 1614 1623 However De Keyser did not live to see the finished product His son Pieter who inherited his tools and designs completed his work 11 In 1631 Salomon de Bray included the architect s most important sketches based on mathematical regularity in his book Architectura Moderna 12 De Keyser s career was not limited to Amsterdam and his international contacts helped him to keep in touch with the mainstream of European architecture In 1607 the Amsterdam city magistrates sent him to England it is believed he worked with Inigo Jones citation needed When De Keyser and Danckerts returned to Amsterdam Nicholas Stone joined them For several years Stone worked with De Keyser and even became his son in law in 1613 His grandson Henry Stone painter studied with Thomas de Keyser De Keyser died on his birthday and was buried in the nearby Zuiderkerk List of works edit nbsp Playful entrance of tower Zuiderkerk 1614 by Hendrick de Keyser1603 Rasphuispoortje Amsterdam The decoration on the top is not by HdK and dates from 1663 1606 Oost Indisch Huis Amsterdam The attribution to HdK is uncertain 1606 Montelbaanstoren Amsterdam 1606 1611 Zuiderkerk Amsterdam 1608 1613 Beurs van Hendrick de Keyser Rokin Amsterdam enlarged around 1660 demolished in 1835 1614 1623 Praalgraf Willem van Oranje Delft completed by Pieter de Keyser 1615 1618 Haarlemmerpoort Amsterdam built with petit Granit demolished in 1838 1618 1620 Stadhuis Delft 1620 1623 Noorderkerk Amsterdam together with city mason Cornelis Danckertsz 1620 1631 Westerkerk Amsterdam completed by Pieter de Keyser 1622 Statue of Erasmus Rotterdam completed by Pieter de Keyser Works attributed to Hendrick de Keyser Jan Roodenpoortstoren Amsterdam 1616 pulled down 1829 Haringpakkerstoren Amsterdam 1607 pulled down 1829 Huis Bartolotti Herengracht 170 172 Amsterdam Ca 1617 Attribution to HdK is uncertain Huis met de Hoofden Keizersgracht 123 Amsterdam Designed by Huybert or Pieter de Keyser 1622 Gallery edit nbsp Hendrick de Keyser by Jonas Suyderhoff after Thomas de Keyser nbsp Top of the Montelbaanstoren 1606 nbsp Oost Indisch Huis in the court yard is attributed to HdK 1606 nbsp Entrance Zuiderkerk in Zanddwarsstraat 1607 by HdK nbsp Weigh house in Hoorn built with Belgian Fossil 1609 nbsp Exchange by Hendrick de Keyser 1613 nbsp Beurspoortje by HdK drawing by Gerrit Lamberts nbsp Zuiderkerk 1614 nbsp Singel 142 left and Oudezijds Voorburgwal 57 both designed by HdK 1615 nbsp Playful entrance Bank van Lening 1616 nbsp Entrance of the weigh house 1617 nbsp Design of Haarlemmerpoort nbsp Bergpoort in Deventer 1619 nbsp Munttoren 1619 nbsp Design of the City hall in Delft nbsp Noorderkerk nbsp Statue of Erasmus in RotterdamReferences edit HENDRIK DE KEYSER ALS BEELDHOUWER DOOR J SIX 1910 https onsamsterdam nl 400 jaar zuiderkerk http zuiderkerkamsterdam nl ons Abrahamse J E 2010 De grote uitleg van Amsterdam Stadsontwikkeling in de 17e eeuw p 36 https www shafe co uk wp content uploads 6 Inigo Jones pdf bare URL PDF De Waag en Hendrick de Keyser Bronnen in het Hoornse stadsarchief by Jan de Bruin 2001 Neurdenburg E van 1930 p 77 Neurdenburg E van 1930 Hendrick de Keyser Beeldhouwer en bouwmeester van Amsterdam p 92 93 129 1606 20 maart NA 36 118 ook NA 26 677 not J Gijsberti 1610 28 mei NA 38 103v 104 not J Gijsberti 1613 3 12 nov NA 14 60 64 not S Henricx Details from R Koopman Zaandam Architectura moderna ofte bouwinge van onsen tyt 1971 Salomon de Bray DBNL H van Hall Portretten van Nederlandse beeldende kunstenaars Amsterdam 1963 p 167 Neurdenburg E van 1930 Hendrick de Keyser Beeldhouwer en bouwmeester van Amsterdam p 142 Neurdenburg E van 1930 Hendrick de Keyser Beeldhouwer en bouwmeester van Amsterdam p 95 Architectura moderna ofte bouwinge van onsen tyt 1971 Salomon de Bray DBNLExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hendrick de Keyser Hendrick de Keyser at Archimon Vermeer and The Delft School a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art which contains material on Hendrick de Keyser Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hendrick de Keyser amp oldid 1166840675, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
