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Hellespontine Phrygia

March 03, 2023

Hellespontine Phrygia (Ancient Greek: Ἑλλησποντιακὴ Φρυγία, romanized: Hellēspontiakē Phrygia) or Lesser Phrygia (Ancient Greek: μικρᾶ Φρυγία, romanized: mikra Phrygia) was a Persian satrapy (province) in northwestern Anatolia, directly southeast of the Hellespont.[1] Its capital was Dascylium, and for most of its existence it was ruled by the hereditary Persian Pharnacid dynasty.[2] Together with Greater Phrygia, it made up the administrative provinces of the wider Phrygia region.[3]

Hellespontine Phrygia
Satrapy of the Persian Empire
525 BC–321 BC

The location of Hellespontine Phrygia, and the provincial capital of Dascylium, in the Achaemenid Empire, c. 500 BC.
CapitalDascylium
(modern-day Ergili, Bandırma, Balıkesir, Turkey)
History
History 
• Established
525 BC
• Disestablished
321 BC
 Succeeded by
An Achaemenid dynast of Hellespontine Phrygia attacking a Greek psilos, Altıkulaç Sarcophagus, early 4th century BC.

History

 
The Polyxena sarcophagus from Hellespontine Phrygia, in Late Greek Archaic style, 520-500 BC. Çanakkale Archaeological Museum.

The satrapy was created in the beginning of the fifth century BC, during the time of administrative reorganisations of the territories in western Asia Minor,[4] which were amongst the most important Achaemenid territories.

The first Achaemenid ruler of Hellespontine Phrygia was Mitrobates (ca. 525–522 BC), who was appointed by Cyrus the Great and continued under Cambises. He was killed and his territory absorbed by the satrap of neighbouring Lydia, Oroetes. Following the reorganization of Darius I, Mitrobates was succeeded by Oebares II (c.493), son of Megabazus.

Artabazus then became satrap circa 479 BC and started the Pharnacid dynasty, which would rule Hellespontine Phrygia until the conquests of Alexander the Great (338 BC).[5][6][7]

As Alexander the Great was conquering and incorporating the Achaemenid Empire, he appointed Calas, a Macedonian General to govern Hellespontine Phrygia in 334 BC, after he had sent Parmenion to secure Dascylium, the provincial capital.[8] Calas, being the very first non-Achaemenid ruler of the province, was awarded the Persian title of "satrap", rather than a Macedonian title, and Alexander instructed him to collect the same tribute from his subjects that had been paid to Darius III.[8] After Alexander's death in 323, the satrapy was awarded to Leonnatus, who was killed in action in the Lamian War. The region was seized by Lysimachus, was added to the Seleucid Empire after the Battle of Corupedium (281 BC), and was finally integrated in the Bithynian kingdom.[9]

Persian satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia

Achaemenid satraps

Alexandrian satraps

References

  1. ^ Jona Lendering. "Hellespontine Phrygia". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  2. ^ Jona Lendering. "Hellespontine Phrygia". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  3. ^ Scott 1995, p. 183.
  4. ^ Kinzl 2008, p. 551.
  5. ^ Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns. p. 351. ISBN 9781575061207.
  6. ^ Jona Lendering. "Hellespontine Phrygia". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  7. ^ Jona Lendering. "Pharnabazus (2)". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  8. ^ a b Lyons 2015, p. 30.
  9. ^ Jona Lendering. "Hellespontine Phrygia". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.

Sources

  • Kinzl, Konrad H. (2008). A Companion to the Classical Greek World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1405172011.
  • Lyons, Justin D. (2015). Alexander the Great and Hernán Cortés: Ambiguous Legacies of Leadership. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1498505284.
  • Scott, James M. (1995). Paul and the Nations: The Old Testament and Jewish Background of Paul's Mission to the Nations with Special Reference to the Destination of Galatians. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3161463778.

External links

  • Weiskopf, Michael (1994). "DASCYLIUM". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VII, Fasc. 1. pp. 85–90.

March 03, 2023
hellespontine, phrygia, ancient, greek, Ἑλλησποντιακὴ, Φρυγία, romanized, hellēspontiakē, phrygia, lesser, phrygia, ancient, greek, μικρᾶ, Φρυγία, romanized, mikra, phrygia, persian, satrapy, province, northwestern, anatolia, directly, southeast, hellespont, c. Hellespontine Phrygia Ancient Greek Ἑllhspontiakὴ Frygia romanized Hellespontiake Phrygia or Lesser Phrygia Ancient Greek mikrᾶ Frygia romanized mikra Phrygia was a Persian satrapy province in northwestern Anatolia directly southeast of the Hellespont 1 Its capital was Dascylium and for most of its existence it was ruled by the hereditary Persian Pharnacid dynasty 2 Together with Greater Phrygia it made up the administrative provinces of the wider Phrygia region 3 Hellespontine PhrygiaSatrapy of the Persian Empire525 BC 321 BCThe location of Hellespontine Phrygia and the provincial capital of Dascylium in the Achaemenid Empire c 500 BC CapitalDascylium modern day Ergili Bandirma Balikesir Turkey HistoryHistory Established525 BC Disestablished321 BCSucceeded byMacedonian EmpireAn Achaemenid dynast of Hellespontine Phrygia attacking a Greek psilos Altikulac Sarcophagus early 4th century BC Contents 1 History 2 Persian satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia 2 1 Achaemenid satraps 2 2 Alexandrian satraps 3 References 4 Sources 5 External linksHistory Edit The Polyxena sarcophagus from Hellespontine Phrygia in Late Greek Archaic style 520 500 BC Canakkale Archaeological Museum The satrapy was created in the beginning of the fifth century BC during the time of administrative reorganisations of the territories in western Asia Minor 4 which were amongst the most important Achaemenid territories The first Achaemenid ruler of Hellespontine Phrygia was Mitrobates ca 525 522 BC who was appointed by Cyrus the Great and continued under Cambises He was killed and his territory absorbed by the satrap of neighbouring Lydia Oroetes Following the reorganization of Darius I Mitrobates was succeeded by Oebares II c 493 son of Megabazus Artabazus then became satrap circa 479 BC and started the Pharnacid dynasty which would rule Hellespontine Phrygia until the conquests of Alexander the Great 338 BC 5 6 7 As Alexander the Great was conquering and incorporating the Achaemenid Empire he appointed Calas a Macedonian General to govern Hellespontine Phrygia in 334 BC after he had sent Parmenion to secure Dascylium the provincial capital 8 Calas being the very first non Achaemenid ruler of the province was awarded the Persian title of satrap rather than a Macedonian title and Alexander instructed him to collect the same tribute from his subjects that had been paid to Darius III 8 After Alexander s death in 323 the satrapy was awarded to Leonnatus who was killed in action in the Lamian War The region was seized by Lysimachus was added to the Seleucid Empire after the Battle of Corupedium 281 BC and was finally integrated in the Bithynian kingdom 9 Persian satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia EditAchaemenid satraps Edit Mitrobates circa 520 BC Megabazus circa 500 BC Oebares II circa 493 BC Artabazos I of Phrygia r 477 455 Pharnabazus I r 455 before 430 Pharnaces II r before 430 after 422 Pharnabazus II r before 413 387 Ariobarzanes of Phrygia r 387 363 362 Artabazos II r 363 362 353 Arsites r 353 334Alexandrian satraps Edit Calas r 334 323 Leonnatus r 323 321References Edit Jona Lendering Hellespontine Phrygia Livius Livius org Retrieved 28 December 2015 Jona Lendering Hellespontine Phrygia Livius Livius org Retrieved 28 December 2015 Scott 1995 p 183 Kinzl 2008 p 551 Briant Pierre 2002 From Cyrus to Alexander A History of the Persian Empire Eisenbrauns p 351 ISBN 9781575061207 Jona Lendering Hellespontine Phrygia Livius Livius org Retrieved 28 December 2015 Jona Lendering Pharnabazus 2 Livius Livius org Retrieved 28 December 2015 a b Lyons 2015 p 30 Jona Lendering Hellespontine Phrygia Livius Livius org Retrieved 28 December 2015 Sources EditKinzl Konrad H 2008 A Companion to the Classical Greek World John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1405172011 Lyons Justin D 2015 Alexander the Great and Hernan Cortes Ambiguous Legacies of Leadership Lexington Books ISBN 978 1498505284 Scott James M 1995 Paul and the Nations The Old Testament and Jewish Background of Paul s Mission to the Nations with Special Reference to the Destination of Galatians Mohr Siebeck ISBN 978 3161463778 External links EditWeiskopf Michael 1994 DASCYLIUM Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol VII Fasc 1 pp 85 90 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hellespontine Phrygia amp oldid 1098341776, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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