Helenopolis (Bithynia)

This article is about the town in Bithynia. For the town in Sicily, see Drepana.

40°43′24″N 29°30′08″E / 40.72339°N 29.50224°E / 40.72339; 29.50224 Helenopolis (Greek: Ἑλενόπολις) or Drepana (Δρέπανα) or Drepanon (Δρέπανον) was an ancient Thracian and later Greco-Roman and Byzantine town in Bithynia, Asia Minor, on the southern side of the Gulf of Astacus. Helenopolis has been identified with the modern village of Hersek, in the district of Altınova, Yalova Province. It is traditionally considered as the birthplace of Saint Helena.

History

Around 700 BC, the Paeonians displaced the Thracian tribe Bithyni in the Strymon valley, after which the Bithyni migrated eastwards. The Bithyni crossed the Thracian Bosporus and settled in northwestern Anatolia, where they assimilated earlier thracian colonists such as the Phrygians and the Bebryces, with the region becoming known as Bithynia after them.^[1][2]

According to the 6th-century historian Procopius, Helena's son Emperor Constantine the Great renamed the city "Helenopolis" to honor her birthplace; but the name may simply have honored her without marking her birthplace.^[3] Constantine also built there a church in honour of the martyr Saint Lucian; it soon grew in importance, and Constantine lived there very often towards the end of his life.

Near it were some famous mineral springs. These mineral springs might be those of Termal near Yalova.

Emperor Justinian built there an aqueduct, baths and other monuments. It does not seem ever to have grown, and it was slightingly called (a pun on its name) Eleinou Polis, "the wretched town".

Nearby, in the late 11th century, Alexios I Komnenos built a castle called Kibatos or Civetot for Anglo-Saxon mercenaries who had opted to flee England after the Norman Conquest and serve the Byzantine Emperor. On 21 October 1096, the forces of the People's Crusade confronted the Seljuk Turks in the battle of Civetot. The victory of the Turks ended the People's Crusade. In 2019, an academic survey identified the remains of Kibatos/Civetot 3.5 meters underwater in Hersek Lagoon. The remains of the castle span approximately 4,200 square meters and were identified based on architectural similarities to contemporary descriptions.^[4] In addition to the discovery of the castle - believed to have been abandoned due to earthquakes at an indeterminate time - among other structures, remains of a pier and lighthouse were found, which were visited by Evliya Çelebi and are known to have been used from the Byzantine period right up until the demise of the Ottoman Empire.^[5]

Ecclesiastical history

The see of Helenopolis in Bithynia was a suffragan of the Metropolis of Nicomedia.^[6]

Michel Le Quien^[7] mentions nine of its bishops. Macrinus, the first, is said to have been at the Council of Nicaea (325), but his name is not given in the authentic lists of the members of the council. About 400, the church of Helenopolis was governed by Palladius of Galatia, the friend and defender of John Chrysostom, and author of the Historia Lausiaca. The last known bishop assisted at the Council of Constantinople (879-880). Helenopolis occurs in the Notitiae Episcopatuum until the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

Helenopolis in Bithynia is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.^[6]

Notes and references

1. Mihailov 1991, p. 597.
2. Danov 1976, p. 95-97.
3. Harbus, Antonia. Helena of Britain in Medieval Legend. Rochester, NY: D.S. Brewer, 2002, p. 12ff
4. "Lost Byzantine castle found under water". Hürriyet Daily News. 27 October 2019. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
5. "Secrets of sunken Kibatos Castle unraveled". Hürriyet Daily News. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
6. Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 886
7. Le Quien, Michel (1740). Oriens Christianus, in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus: quo exhibentur ecclesiæ, patriarchæ, cæterique præsules totius Orientis. Tomus primus: tres magnas complectens diœceses Ponti, Asiæ & Thraciæ, Patriarchatui Constantinopolitano subjectas (in Latin). Paris: Ex Typographia Regia. col. 623. OCLC 955922585.

Sources and external links

• Catholic Encyclopedia source
• Catholic Hierarchy page

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Helenopolis". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.