Healthcare in Turkey consists of a mix of public and private health services. Turkey introduced universal health care in 2003.[1] Known as Universal Health Insurance Genel Sağlık Sigortası, it is funded by a tax surcharge on employers, currently at 5%.[1] Public-sector funding covers approximately 75.2% of health expenditures.[1]
Despite the universal health care, total expenditure on health as a share of GDP is the lowest among OECD countries at 6.3% of GDP, much lower than the OECD average of 9.3%.[1] Median age in Turkey is 30 years compared to 43.9 average in EU countries. Aging population is the prime reason for higher healthcare expenditure in Europe.[2] Average life expectancy is 78.5 years, compared with the EU average of 81 years.[1] Turkey has a low obesity rate, with 29.5% of its adult population obese.
Due to major health reforms in the 2000s and 2010s, universal health insurance coverage for the population was achieved, and the general quality of health services improved greatly, with patient satisfaction rising from 39.5% in 2003 to 75.9% in 2011.[3]
The following medical treatments are covered by the SGK:[4]
Emergencies
Work accidents and vocational illnesses
Infectious diseases
Preventive health services (substance use)
Childbirth
Extraordinary events (injuries from war and natural disasters)
Fertility treatment for women younger than 39
Cosmetic surgery deemed medically necessary
While some SGK-contracted hospitals offer dental care, in most cases, patients must rely on private dental services and are responsible for covering the costs. In addition, patients must partially cover the cost of some prescription drugs and outpatient services.[4][3]
As measured in defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day Turkey had a high rate of consumption of antibiotics in 2015 with a rate of 38.8, double that of the United Kingdom.[6]
Medical tourismEdit
There is a substantial medical tourism business in Turkey, with almost 178 thousand tourists visiting for health purposes in the first six months of 2018. 67% used private hospital, 24% public hospitals and 9% university hospitals. The Regulation on International Health Tourism and Tourist Health came into force on July 13, 2017. It only applies to those coming specifically for treatment.[7]
Private healthcareEdit
There is also a large private healthcare sector. Private health services often offer shorter waiting lists and higher quality services. Most banks and insurance companies offer health plans, and contract with certain hospitals and doctors.[4]
The Turkish healthcare system used to be dominated by a centralized state system run by the Ministry of Health. In 2003 the governing Justice and Development Party introduced a sweeping health reform program aimed at increasing the ratio of private to state health provision and making healthcare available to a larger share of the population. Information from the Turkish Statistical Institute states that 76.3 billion liras are being spent on healthcare annually, with 79.6% of funding coming from the Social Security Institute and most of the remainder (15.4%) coming from out-of-pocket payments.[8] There are 27.954 medical institutions, 1.7 doctor for every 1000 people[9] and 2.54 beds for 1000 people.
Turkey had a scheme called green card (Yeşil Kart), which was developed in order to help low-income social group to get medical help. Spending on this system were equal to 40 billion TL in 2010. Due to this fact, the system was reformed in 2011 and the number of people who could benefit from this system was reduced. Following the 2012 Universal Health Insurance Law, the Green Card system was abolished.[10][11]
^ abcdeAtun, Rifat (October 1, 2020). "Transforming Turkey's Health System". The New England Journal of Medicine. 373:14.
^"Current Health Care System Cannot Survive Aging Population". Retrieved 2022-01-01.
^ abAtun, Rifat (2015). "Transforming Turkey's Health System — Lessons for Universal Coverage". New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (14): 1285–1289. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1410433. PMID 26422719. S2CID 11495611.
^ abc"The Health Insurance System in Turkey". Angloinfo. Angloinfo. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
^ abcdefghijklmnopHealth Statistics Yearbook(PDF) (2016 ed.). Istanbul, Turkey: General Directorate of Health Research. 2016.
^. Pharmaceutical Journal. 14 November 2018. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
^"International Health Tourism in Turkey". Lexology. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
^"Sağlığa 76,3 milyar lira harcandı". www.hurriyet.com.tr.
^"Physicians (per 1,000 People)." Physicians (per 1,000 People). World Bank, n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.
^ (in Turkish). Eniyihekim. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
^Seyhun, O.; Erdol, S.; Can, H.; Erdogan, E. (November 1, 2014). "Transformation of Green Card Program for the Poor: One Step Further to Universal Health Care Coverage in Turkey". Value in Health. 17 (7): A411. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.975 – via www.valueinhealthjournal.com.
^Ballas, Dimitris; Dorling, Danny; Hennig, Benjamin (2017). The Human Atlas of Europe. Bristol: Policy Press. p. 79. ISBN9781447313540.
health, care, turkey, healthcare, turkey, consists, public, private, health, services, turkey, introduced, universal, health, care, 2003, known, universal, health, insurance, genel, sağlık, sigortası, funded, surcharge, employers, currently, public, sector, fu. Healthcare in Turkey consists of a mix of public and private health services Turkey introduced universal health care in 2003 1 Known as Universal Health Insurance Genel Saglik Sigortasi it is funded by a tax surcharge on employers currently at 5 1 Public sector funding covers approximately 75 2 of health expenditures 1 Goztepe Prof Dr Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital in Goztepe IstanbulDespite the universal health care total expenditure on health as a share of GDP is the lowest among OECD countries at 6 3 of GDP much lower than the OECD average of 9 3 1 Median age in Turkey is 30 years compared to 43 9 average in EU countries Aging population is the prime reason for higher healthcare expenditure in Europe 2 Average life expectancy is 78 5 years compared with the EU average of 81 years 1 Turkey has a low obesity rate with 29 5 of its adult population obese Contents 1 Coverage 2 Statistics 3 Medication 4 Medical tourism 5 Private healthcare 6 Finance 7 See also 8 ReferencesCoverage Edit nbsp Old Imperial College of Medicine currently the Haydarpasa Campus of Marmara University in the Kadikoy district of Istanbul The building was designed by architects Alexander Vallaury and Raimondo D Aronco nbsp Jewish Balat Or Ahayim Hospital in Balat IstanbulDue to major health reforms in the 2000s and 2010s universal health insurance coverage for the population was achieved and the general quality of health services improved greatly with patient satisfaction rising from 39 5 in 2003 to 75 9 in 2011 3 The following medical treatments are covered by the SGK 4 Emergencies Work accidents and vocational illnesses Infectious diseases Preventive health services substance use Childbirth Extraordinary events injuries from war and natural disasters Fertility treatment for women younger than 39 Cosmetic surgery deemed medically necessaryWhile some SGK contracted hospitals offer dental care in most cases patients must rely on private dental services and are responsible for covering the costs In addition patients must partially cover the cost of some prescription drugs and outpatient services 4 3 Statistics Edit nbsp Modern Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital in Istanbul nbsp Acibadem Hospital in Altunizade Istanbul nbsp Yesilkoy Emergency Hospital constructed for the COVID 19 PandemicTurkish data from 2016 unless indicated otherwise Turkey OECD average RankHealth expenditure as of GDP 5 6 3 9 3 37thHealth expenditure per capita 5 665 3 223 37th health expenditure publicly funded 5 75 2 71 7 14thDoctors to population ratio 5 2 3 3 27 35thLife expectancy at birth years 5 78 3 80 6 29thPercentage of daily smokers aged 15 5 26 5 21 81 3rdObesity rate BMI 30 2017 5 20 0 17 25thCaesarean section among all births 5 53 32 1stNumber of hospital beds per 10 000 population 5 27 3 51 4 22ndNumber of physicians per 100 000 population 5 181 343 24thNumber of dentists per 100 000 population 5 33 71 20thNumber of nurses per 100 000 population 5 257 1 098 22ndNumber of pharmacists per 100 000 population 5 35 89 23rdShare of out of pocket expenses 5 16 5 20 3 16thAntibiotic consumption per 1 000 population defined daily dose DDD 5 39 8 20 9 1stAverage length of stay in hospitals days 5 4 0 8 2 37thMedication EditAs measured in defined daily doses per 1 000 inhabitants per day Turkey had a high rate of consumption of antibiotics in 2015 with a rate of 38 8 double that of the United Kingdom 6 Medical tourism EditThere is a substantial medical tourism business in Turkey with almost 178 thousand tourists visiting for health purposes in the first six months of 2018 67 used private hospital 24 public hospitals and 9 university hospitals The Regulation on International Health Tourism and Tourist Health came into force on July 13 2017 It only applies to those coming specifically for treatment 7 Private healthcare Edit nbsp An air ambulance of the Ministry of HealthThere is also a large private healthcare sector Private health services often offer shorter waiting lists and higher quality services Most banks and insurance companies offer health plans and contract with certain hospitals and doctors 4 The Turkish healthcare system used to be dominated by a centralized state system run by the Ministry of Health In 2003 the governing Justice and Development Party introduced a sweeping health reform program aimed at increasing the ratio of private to state health provision and making healthcare available to a larger share of the population Information from the Turkish Statistical Institute states that 76 3 billion liras are being spent on healthcare annually with 79 6 of funding coming from the Social Security Institute and most of the remainder 15 4 coming from out of pocket payments 8 There are 27 954 medical institutions 1 7 doctor for every 1000 people 9 and 2 54 beds for 1000 people Turkey had a scheme called green card Yesil Kart which was developed in order to help low income social group to get medical help Spending on this system were equal to 40 billion TL in 2010 Due to this fact the system was reformed in 2011 and the number of people who could benefit from this system was reduced Following the 2012 Universal Health Insurance Law the Green Card system was abolished 10 11 Finance Edit nbsp Renewable energy reduces health costs in TurkeyTurkey had the lowest expenditure on healthcare in Europe in 2015 6 4 of Gross domestic product 12 Total health spending according to the Turkish Statistical Institute data has exceeded 201 billion pounds in 2019 13 See also EditHealth in Turkey Turkish Medical AssociationReferences Edit a b c d e Atun Rifat October 1 2020 Transforming Turkey s Health System The New England Journal of Medicine 373 14 Current Health Care System Cannot Survive Aging Population Retrieved 2022 01 01 a b Atun Rifat 2015 Transforming Turkey s Health System Lessons for Universal Coverage New England Journal of Medicine 373 14 1285 1289 doi 10 1056 NEJMp1410433 PMID 26422719 S2CID 11495611 a b c The Health Insurance System in Turkey Angloinfo Angloinfo Retrieved 2016 06 15 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Health Statistics Yearbook PDF 2016 ed Istanbul Turkey General Directorate of Health Research 2016 UK antibiotic consumption twice that of the Netherlands WHO report finds Pharmaceutical Journal 14 November 2018 Archived from the original on 22 December 2018 Retrieved 22 December 2018 International Health Tourism in Turkey Lexology 8 January 2018 Retrieved 13 February 2019 Sagliga 76 3 milyar lira harcandi www hurriyet com tr Physicians per 1 000 People Physicians per 1 000 People World Bank n d Web 19 Mar 2015 Blog Eniyihekim in Turkish Eniyihekim Archived from the original on 12 February 2015 Retrieved 3 September 2015 Seyhun O Erdol S Can H Erdogan E November 1 2014 Transformation of Green Card Program for the Poor One Step Further to Universal Health Care Coverage in Turkey Value in Health 17 7 A411 doi 10 1016 j jval 2014 08 975 via www valueinhealthjournal com Ballas Dimitris Dorling Danny Hennig Benjamin 2017 The Human Atlas of Europe Bristol Policy Press p 79 ISBN 9781447313540 TUIK Kurumsal data tuik gov tr Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Health care in Turkey amp oldid 1170927241, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,