Born in the spring of 1840 on the headwaters of the Cheyenne River near the Black Hills, He Dog was the son of a headman named Black Stone and his wife, Blue Day, a sister of Red Cloud.[1] His youngest brother was Grant Short Bull. By the 1860s, He Dog and his brothers had formed a small Oglala Lakota band known as the Cankahuhan or Soreback Band which was closely associated with Red Cloud's Bad Face band of Oglala.[2]
He Dog and his relatives participated in the Great Sioux War of 1876-77. After the treaty commission failed to persuade the Lakota to give up the Black Hills, the President had an ultimatum sent in January 1876 to the northern bands to come into the agencies or be forced in by the army. He Dog was encamped with the Soreback band on the Tongue River when the message was delivered. He Dog's brother, Short Bull, later recalled that the majority of the northern Oglala resolved to head in to the Red Cloud Agency in the spring, after their last big buffalo hunt. In March 1876, He Dog married a young woman named Rock (Inyan) and with part of the Soreback Band, stopped briefly with the Northern Cheyenne encamped on the Powder River in Wyoming Territory. On the morning of March 17, 1876, a column of troops under Colonel Joseph J. Reynolds attacked. "This attack was the turning point of the situation," Short Bull later recalled. "If it had not been for that attack by Crook on Powder River, we would have come in to the agency that spring, and there would have been no Sioux war."[3]
During the summer of 1876, He Dog participated in Battle of the Rosebud and Battle of the Little Bighorn. He also fought at Slim Buttes in September 1876 and Wolf Mountain in January 1877. He finally surrendered at the Red Cloud Agency with Crazy Horse in May 1877. Following the killing of Crazy Horse, He Dog accompanied the Oglala to Washington, D.C. as a delegate to meet the President.
He Dog and other members of the Soreback Band fled the Red Cloud Agency after its removal to the Missouri River during the winter of 1877–78.[4] Crossing into Canada, they joined Sitting Bull in exile for the next two years. Most of the northern Oglala surrendered at Fort Keogh in 1880 and were then transferred to the Standing Rock Agency in the summer of 1881. He Dog and all the northern Oglala were finally transferred to the Pine Ridge Reservation to join their relatives in the spring of 1882.[5]
He Dog lived the remainder of his life on the Pine Ridge Reservation. He served as a respected Indian judge and later in life, was interviewed by a number of historians, including Walter Mason Camp, Eleanor Hinman and Mari Sandoz. He died in 1936 between the ages of 95 or 96.
PortraitsEdit
By D. S. Mitchell, 1877.
By Mathew Brady, Washington, D.C., 1877. Library of Congress
By Charles M. Bell, Washington, D.C., 1877. Smithsonian Institution and
By Charles M. Bell, Washington, D.C., 1877. Smithsonian Institution and
By Alexander Gardner, Washington, D.C., 1877. Smithsonian Institution and
By L. T. Butterfield, Sioux Fall, SD, 1891. Denver Public Library and Yale University and at New York Public Library.
Photographer and date unknown, circa. 1928.
Photographer and date unknown, circa. 1928.
He Dog's house, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1928. Photographer unknown.
Misidentified Portraits
By John A. Anderson, circa. 1900. Library of Congress. This portrait is actually of a Brulé headman also named He Dog.[6]
InterviewsEdit
He Dog interview, July 13, 1910, with Walter Mason Camp, on the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
He Dog Interview, August 1920, with Gen. H. L. Scott.
He Dog Interviews with Eleanor Hinman, 1930
NotesEdit
^Deposition of He Dog, September 21, 1923, Black Hills Testimony, p. 555.
^Ephriam D. Dickson III, Reconstructing the Indian Village on the Little Bighorn: The Cankahuhan or Soreback Band, Oglala," Greasy Grass, vol. 22 (May 2006) pp. 2-14.
^Short Bull interview, July 13, 1930, in Eleanore H. Hinman (ed.), "Oglala Sources on the Life of Crazy Horse," Nebraska History, vol. 57 no. 1 (Spring 1976), p. 34.
^Kingsley M. Bray, "We Belong to the North: The Flights of the Northern Indians from the White River Agencies, 1877-1878,Montana: The Magazine of Western History (summer 2005).
^Big Road Roster 2008-05-29 at the Wayback Machine, in Garrick Mallery, "On the Pictographs of the North American Indians," Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1886), p. 174-176. Ephriam D. Dickson III, The Sitting Bull Surrender Census: The Lakotas at Standing Rock Agency, 1881 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine (Pierre: South Dakota State Historical Society Press, 2010) p. 146.
^"He Dog Sunka bloka 1836-1927," in Claes H. Jacobson, Rosebud Sioux: A Lakota People in Transition (Stockholm, Sweden: C-H Jacobson Produktion AB, 2004) pp. 134-137.
BibliographyEdit
Dickson, Ephriam. 2006. "Reconstructing the Indian Village on the Little Bighorn: The Cankahuhan or Soreback Band, Oglala " Greasy Grass, vol. 22 no. 1: 2-14
October 21, 2023
lakota, Šúŋka, bloká, 1840, 1936, member, oglala, lakota, closely, associated, with, crazy, horse, during, great, sioux, 1876, Šúŋka, blokáportrait, charles, bell, taken, washington, 1877, oglala, lakota, leaderpersonal, detailsbornc, 1840died1936, aged, pine,. He Dog Lakota Suŋka Bloka ca 1840 1936 A member of the Oglala Lakota He Dog was closely associated with Crazy Horse during the Great Sioux War of 1876 77 He DogSuŋka BlokaPortrait by Charles M Bell taken in Washington D C Oct 1877 Oglala Lakota leaderPersonal detailsBornc 1840Died1936 aged 95 96 Pine Ridge Indian Reservation South Dakota United States Contents 1 Biography 2 Portraits 3 Interviews 4 Notes 5 BibliographyBiography EditBorn in the spring of 1840 on the headwaters of the Cheyenne River near the Black Hills He Dog was the son of a headman named Black Stone and his wife Blue Day a sister of Red Cloud 1 His youngest brother was Grant Short Bull By the 1860s He Dog and his brothers had formed a small Oglala Lakota band known as the Cankahuhan or Soreback Band which was closely associated with Red Cloud s Bad Face band of Oglala 2 He Dog and his relatives participated in the Great Sioux War of 1876 77 After the treaty commission failed to persuade the Lakota to give up the Black Hills the President had an ultimatum sent in January 1876 to the northern bands to come into the agencies or be forced in by the army He Dog was encamped with the Soreback band on the Tongue River when the message was delivered He Dog s brother Short Bull later recalled that the majority of the northern Oglala resolved to head in to the Red Cloud Agency in the spring after their last big buffalo hunt In March 1876 He Dog married a young woman named Rock Inyan and with part of the Soreback Band stopped briefly with the Northern Cheyenne encamped on the Powder River in Wyoming Territory On the morning of March 17 1876 a column of troops under Colonel Joseph J Reynolds attacked This attack was the turning point of the situation Short Bull later recalled If it had not been for that attack by Crook on Powder River we would have come in to the agency that spring and there would have been no Sioux war 3 During the summer of 1876 He Dog participated in Battle of the Rosebud and Battle of the Little Bighorn He also fought at Slim Buttes in September 1876 and Wolf Mountain in January 1877 He finally surrendered at the Red Cloud Agency with Crazy Horse in May 1877 Following the killing of Crazy Horse He Dog accompanied the Oglala to Washington D C as a delegate to meet the President He Dog and other members of the Soreback Band fled the Red Cloud Agency after its removal to the Missouri River during the winter of 1877 78 4 Crossing into Canada they joined Sitting Bull in exile for the next two years Most of the northern Oglala surrendered at Fort Keogh in 1880 and were then transferred to the Standing Rock Agency in the summer of 1881 He Dog and all the northern Oglala were finally transferred to the Pine Ridge Reservation to join their relatives in the spring of 1882 5 He Dog lived the remainder of his life on the Pine Ridge Reservation He served as a respected Indian judge and later in life was interviewed by a number of historians including Walter Mason Camp Eleanor Hinman and Mari Sandoz He died in 1936 between the ages of 95 or 96 Portraits EditBy D S Mitchell 1877 By Mathew Brady Washington D C 1877 Library of Congress By Charles M Bell Washington D C 1877 Smithsonian Institution and Oglala Lakota College By Charles M Bell Washington D C 1877 Smithsonian Institution and Oglala Lakota College By Alexander Gardner Washington D C 1877 Smithsonian Institution and Oglala Lakota College By L T Butterfield Sioux Fall SD 1891 Denver Public Library and Yale University and at New York Public Library Photographer and date unknown circa 1928 Oglala Lakota College Photographer and date unknown circa 1928 Oglala Lakota College He Dog s house Pine Ridge Reservation 1928 Photographer unknown Oglala Lakota College Misidentified Portraits By John A Anderson circa 1900 Library of Congress This portrait is actually of a Brule headman also named He Dog 6 Interviews EditHe Dog interview July 13 1910 with Walter Mason Camp on the Battle of the Little Bighorn He Dog Interview August 1920 with Gen H L Scott He Dog Interviews with Eleanor Hinman 1930Notes Edit Deposition of He Dog September 21 1923 Black Hills Testimony p 555 Ephriam D Dickson III Reconstructing the Indian Village on the Little Bighorn The Cankahuhan or Soreback Band Oglala Greasy Grass vol 22 May 2006 pp 2 14 Short Bull interview July 13 1930 in Eleanore H Hinman ed Oglala Sources on the Life of Crazy Horse Nebraska History vol 57 no 1 Spring 1976 p 34 Kingsley M Bray We Belong to the North The Flights of the Northern Indians from the White River Agencies 1877 1878 Montana The Magazine of Western History summer 2005 Big Road Roster Archived 2008 05 29 at the Wayback Machine in Garrick Mallery On the Pictographs of the North American Indians Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Government Printing Office 1886 p 174 176 Ephriam D Dickson III The Sitting Bull Surrender Census The Lakotas at Standing Rock Agency 1881 Archived 2011 07 16 at the Wayback Machine Pierre South Dakota State Historical Society Press 2010 p 146 He Dog Sunka bloka 1836 1927 in Claes H Jacobson Rosebud Sioux A Lakota People in Transition Stockholm Sweden C H Jacobson Produktion AB 2004 pp 134 137 Bibliography EditDickson Ephriam 2006 Reconstructing the Indian Village on the Little Bighorn The Cankahuhan or Soreback Band Oglala Greasy Grass vol 22 no 1 2 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title He Dog amp oldid 1165387317, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
