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Harald Bode

February 23, 2024

Harald Bode (October 19, 1909 – January 15, 1987) was a German engineer and pioneer in the development of electronic musical instruments.

Hohner Multimonica, first released in 1940, designed by Harald Bode

Biography edit

Harald Bode was born in 1909 in Hamburg, Germany. At the age of 18 he lost his parents and started studying,[1] and graduated from the University of Hamburg in 1934.[2] In 1935, he began his pioneering work in the field of electronic musical instruments, and with funding support provided by Christian Warnke, his earliest work was completed in 1937.[1]

The Warbo Formant Organ (1937),[model 1][photo 1] an archetype of today's polyphonic synthesizer, was a four voice key-assignment keyboard with two formant filters and dynamic envelope controller. Eventually it went into commercial production by a factory in Dachau,[model 2] and it became one of the earliest polyphonic synthesizer products, along with Novachord (1939) by Hammond.

The Melochord (1947–1949), developed by Bode, was extensively used by Werner Meyer-Eppler in early days of the electronic studio at Bonn University.[model 3] Then in 1953 a Melochord, along with Monochord by Friedrich Trautwein,[3] was specially commissioned by the Studio for Electronic Music of the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR Studio in Cologne),[4] and used by the Elektronische Musik group throughout the 1950s.[model 3] (see Melochord at the WDR Studio in Cologne)

From 1950, Bode designed electronic organs for the Apparatewerk Bayern [de] (AWB) in Germany and the Estey Organ Company in the United States. In 1954, Bode immigrated to the United States as a chief engineer (later vice-president) of Estey Organ,[4] and resumed his research at several companies and as a contractor of German companies.

In 1959–1960, Bode developed a modular synthesizer and sound processor, and in 1961, he wrote a paper exploring the advantages of newly emerging transistor technology over older vacuum tube devices;[5][6][7] also he served as AES session chairman on music and electronic for the fall conventions in 1962 and 1964;[2] after then, his ideas were adopted by Robert Moog, Donald Buchla and others.

After retiring from the chief engineer of Bell Aerospace[4] in 1974, he composed TV-advertising spots and gave live concerts. Also in 1977, Bode was invited as a chief engineer of the Norlin/Moog Music[8] after Robert Moog left.

He died in New York in 1987.[2] Bode's influence upon electronic music has persisted long after his death, with a number of 21st century musicians referencing or sampling his work.

His complete estate is preserved at the ZKM | Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, where it is accessible for research.

Accomplishments edit

Theory, circuits and devices to the sound production and sound figuration. Development and building of monophonic and polyphonic electronic organs/synthesizers and the sound processors:

  • Warbo Formant Organ (1937) one of the first key-assignment polyphonic synthesizer with formant filters and dynamic envelope shaping, designed and built by Bode with the funding support provided by Christian Warnke. (Note: "Warbo" is acronym of Warnke-Bode)[model 1][photo 1][model 2]
  • Melodium (1938) monophonic touch-sensitive keyboard instrument developed with Oskar Vierling,[model 2] used in film scores and "light" music[4]
  • Multimonica (1940, Hohner) dual manual electronic/acoustic hybrid keyboard instrument, consists of monophonic sawtooth wave oscillator (upper) and air-driven reed harmonium (lower)[model 4]
  • Melochord (1947–1949) 37-key monophonic keyboard with dynamic envelope wave shaping, volume pedal controller, and transpose switches to cover seven octaves. Later a second keyboard was added to control the timbre.[model 2][model 3]

For the Apparatewerk Bayern [de] (AWB) in Germany,[4] Estey Organ Company in Brattleboro, Vermont, USA, and others:

During his time as an executive of the Wurlitzer Organ Co.:[4]

 
Frequency shifter, model 735 Mark III,
designed and manufactured by Bode
 
Vocoder, model 7702,
designed and manufactured by Bode

As the products of Bode Sound Company:[8]

Notable users edit

The Melochord at the WDR Studio in Cologne was used by:

But in the case of Karlheinz Stockhausen, a student of Meyer-Eppler at the University of Bonn in 1954–56, his only use of the melochord was in a failed experiment with a ring modulator.[11] After this, he chose to disregard such instruments in favor of sine-wave generators, which he used in producing Studie I (1953) and Studie II (1954). This was also true for the two works by Karel Goeyvaerts produced there, and for Seismogramme (1954) by Henri Pousseur.[12][13][14]

Personal life edit

He was the father of cinematographer Ralf D. Bode,[15] and Peer Bode.[16]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Palov, Rebekkah (July 2011), "Harald Bode – A Short Biography", EContact!, Canadian Electroacoustic Community (CEC), 13 (4)
  2. ^ a b c "In Memoriam" (PDF), Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), 35 (9): 741, September 1987, retrieved 2007-07-18
  3. ^ , 120 Years of Electronic Music, archived from the original on 2012-04-02 – Monochord, a modified Concert Trautonium, was commissioned from Dr. Friedrich Trautwein by the Studio for Electronic of WDR, Köln.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rhea, Tom (May 2004), "Harald Bode", Video History Project, Experimental Television Center, from the original on 2011-07-19
  5. ^ a b Bode, Harald (1961), "European Electronic Music Instrument Design", Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, ix (1961): 267
  6. ^ a b Bode, Harald (Bode Sound Co.) (September 1984), , Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), 32 (10): 730–739, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-09, retrieved 2011-09-13 On the PDF version, draft typescript is available at the tail; also HTML version without draft is available in "here". 1984. from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2021..
  7. ^ a b Bode, Harald (The Wurlitzer Company), "Sound Synthesizer Creates New Musical Effects" (PDF), Electronics (December 1, 1961)
  8. ^ a b , 120 years of Electronic Music, archived from the original on 2012-04-02
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Harald's wonderful Instruments, Harald Bode News, 27 April 2010
  10. ^ Morawska-Büngeler, Marietta, Schwingende Elektronen: Eine Dokumentation über das Studio für Elektronische Musik des Westdeutschen Rundfunks in Köln, 1951–1986, Cologne-Rodenkirchen: P. J. Tonger Musikverlag, 1988, p. 13
  11. ^ Kurtz, Michael (1992), Stockhausen: A Biography ((cloth) (pbk).), translated by Toop, Richard, London and Boston: Faber and Faber, p. 62, ISBN 0-571-14323-7
  12. ^ Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1964), "Komposition 1953 Nr. 2: Studie I, Analyse", in Dieter Schnebel (ed.), Texte 2, Cologne: Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg, pp. 23–36, here p. 23
  13. ^ Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1971), "Elektronische Musik: Brief von Douglas M. Davis (Antwort: geschrieben am 13.IX.1970)", in Dieter Schnebel (ed.), Texte 3, Cologne: Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg, pp. 341–347, here pp. 344–345
  14. ^ Ekbert Faas, "Interview with Karlheinz Stockhausen Held August 11, 1976", Interface 6 (1977): pp. 187–204; reprinted in Feedback Papers 16 (August 1978): pp. 23–40. here p. 191 and p. 27, respectively.
  15. ^ Finch, Jim. "eContact! 13.4 – Interview with Harald Bode by Jim Finch". Canadian Electroacoustic Community (CEC). Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  16. ^ "Peer Bode > Artists > Burchfield Penney Art Center". www.burchfieldpenney.org. Retrieved 2019-10-19.

Models edit

  1. ^ a b Rhea, Thomas L. (July 2011), "Harald Bode's Four-Voice Assignment Keyboard (1937)", EContact! (reprint ed.), Canadian Electroacoustic Community (CEC), 13 (4); Originally published as Rhea, Tom, "Electronic Perspectives", Contemporary Keyboard (December 1979): 89
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o , 120 years of Electronic Music, archived from the original on 2012-04-02
  3. ^ a b c d e , The Keyboardmuseum Online, archived from the original on 2007-11-14 (description and history)
  4. ^ , 120 Years of Electronic Music, archived from the original on 2012-07-24
  5. ^ , 120 Years of Electronic Music, archived from the original on 2012-04-02 (Note: year in title may be incorrect)
  6. ^ Windler, Christian Oliver, Jörgensen Electronic Tuttivox (antique portable electron tube organ)
  7. ^ , 120 Years of Electronic Music, archived from the original on 2012-04-02
  8. ^ Windler, Christian Oliver, Jörgensen Electronic Clavioline (monophonic portable tube synth keyboard with great electro noises)
  9. ^ Bode, Harald, Instruments by Harald Bode and The Bode Sound Co., Experimental Television Center
  10. ^ Bode Feedback Stabilizer MOD. 741XR (PDF) (Pamphlet). Bode Sound Co.

Photos edit

  1. ^ a b Warbo Formant Organ (photograph). 1937.
  2. ^ (photograph). Clavioline.com. Archived from the original on 2006-08-21. (photographs of Bode Clavioline and Bode Melochord with Harald Bode)
  3. ^ Levin, John. Estey Electronic Organ model AS-1, designed by Harald Bode (photograph). Estey Organ Museum, Brattleboro.

Further reading edit

  • Palov, Rebekkah, Harald Bode – A Lifetime for Sound (PDF), Harald Bode News
  • Reid, Gordon, "The Story of the Clavioline", Sound on Sound (March 2007)

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harald Bode.
  • Harald Bode News – Newsletter of Harald Bode Archive
  • at the Estey Organ Museum in Brattleboro, Vermont
  • Harald Bode on '120 Years Of Electronic Music'

February 23, 2024
harald, bode, october, 1909, january, 1987, german, engineer, pioneer, development, electronic, musical, instruments, hohner, multimonica, first, released, 1940, designed, contents, biography, accomplishments, notable, users, personal, life, notes, models, pho. Harald Bode October 19 1909 January 15 1987 was a German engineer and pioneer in the development of electronic musical instruments Hohner Multimonica first released in 1940 designed by Harald Bode Contents 1 Biography 2 Accomplishments 3 Notable users 4 Personal life 5 Notes 5 1 Models 5 2 Photos 6 Further reading 7 External linksBiography editHarald Bode was born in 1909 in Hamburg Germany At the age of 18 he lost his parents and started studying 1 and graduated from the University of Hamburg in 1934 2 In 1935 he began his pioneering work in the field of electronic musical instruments and with funding support provided by Christian Warnke his earliest work was completed in 1937 1 The Warbo Formant Organ 1937 model 1 photo 1 an archetype of today s polyphonic synthesizer was a four voice key assignment keyboard with two formant filters and dynamic envelope controller Eventually it went into commercial production by a factory in Dachau model 2 and it became one of the earliest polyphonic synthesizer products along with Novachord 1939 by Hammond The Melochord 1947 1949 developed by Bode was extensively used by Werner Meyer Eppler in early days of the electronic studio at Bonn University model 3 Then in 1953 a Melochord along with Monochord by Friedrich Trautwein 3 was specially commissioned by the Studio for Electronic Music of the Westdeutscher Rundfunk WDR Studio in Cologne 4 and used by the Elektronische Musik group throughout the 1950s model 3 see Melochord at the WDR Studio in Cologne From 1950 Bode designed electronic organs for the Apparatewerk Bayern de AWB in Germany and the Estey Organ Company in the United States In 1954 Bode immigrated to the United States as a chief engineer later vice president of Estey Organ 4 and resumed his research at several companies and as a contractor of German companies In 1959 1960 Bode developed a modular synthesizer and sound processor and in 1961 he wrote a paper exploring the advantages of newly emerging transistor technology over older vacuum tube devices 5 6 7 also he served as AES session chairman on music and electronic for the fall conventions in 1962 and 1964 2 after then his ideas were adopted by Robert Moog Donald Buchla and others After retiring from the chief engineer of Bell Aerospace 4 in 1974 he composed TV advertising spots and gave live concerts Also in 1977 Bode was invited as a chief engineer of the Norlin Moog Music 8 after Robert Moog left He died in New York in 1987 2 Bode s influence upon electronic music has persisted long after his death with a number of 21st century musicians referencing or sampling his work His complete estate is preserved at the ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe where it is accessible for research Accomplishments editTheory circuits and devices to the sound production and sound figuration Development and building of monophonic and polyphonic electronic organs synthesizers and the sound processors Warbo Formant Organ 1937 one of the first key assignment polyphonic synthesizer with formant filters and dynamic envelope shaping designed and built by Bode with the funding support provided by Christian Warnke Note Warbo is acronym of Warnke Bode model 1 photo 1 model 2 Melodium 1938 monophonic touch sensitive keyboard instrument developed with Oskar Vierling model 2 used in film scores and light music 4 Multimonica 1940 Hohner dual manual electronic acoustic hybrid keyboard instrument consists of monophonic sawtooth wave oscillator upper and air driven reed harmonium lower model 4 Melochord 1947 1949 37 key monophonic keyboard with dynamic envelope wave shaping volume pedal controller and transpose switches to cover seven octaves Later a second keyboard was added to control the timbre model 2 model 3 For the Apparatewerk Bayern de AWB in Germany 4 Estey Organ Company in Brattleboro Vermont USA and others Polychord 1950 model 2 Polychord III c 1951 Apparatewerk Bayern 4 model 2 Bode Organ 1951 later known as Estey Electronic Organ based on Polychord III 4 model 2 Cembaphon 1951 an electric harpsichord using electrostatic pickup model 2 Tuttivox 1953 Jorgensen Elektronic under license by Jorgensen Elektronic in Dusseldorf apparently the only one of this type built a portable electronic organ based on vacuum tube technology model 2 9 model 5 model 6 Concert Clavioline 1953 6 octave model by transpose buttons of Clavioline 1947 originally developed by Constant Martin portable monophonic keyboard based on vacuum tubes model 2 model 7 photo 2 model 8 Estey Electronic Organ model S and AS 1 1954 9 photo 3 During his time as an executive of the Wurlitzer Organ Co 4 A first transistor model of the Wurlitzer Electric Piano 1960 Modular Synthesizer Sound Processor 1959 1960 5 6 7 Voltage controlled oscillator VCO 1960 nbsp Frequency shifter model 735 Mark III designed and manufactured by Bode nbsp Vocoder model 7702 designed and manufactured by Bode As the products of Bode Sound Company 8 Bode Ring Modulator 1964 model 2 9 Bode Frequency Shifter 1964 model 2 9 Bode Vocoder 7702 Moog Vocoder 1977 model 2 model 9 9 Note that above three products were also licensed to Moog Music as a part of the Moog Synthesizer model 2 Bode Barberpole Phaser 1981 model 2 9 Bode Feedback Stabilizer 1982 model 10 9 Notable users editThe Melochord at the WDR Studio in Cologne was used by Werner Meyer Eppler in his composition Klangmodelle 1951 and lectures at Darmstadt New Music Summer School 4 Herbert Eimert and Robert Beyer in their joint compositions Klangstudie I 1951 model 3 and Klangfiguren II 10 c 1951 and Gyorgy Ligeti in his composition Glissandi 1957 model 3 But in the case of Karlheinz Stockhausen a student of Meyer Eppler at the University of Bonn in 1954 56 his only use of the melochord was in a failed experiment with a ring modulator 11 After this he chose to disregard such instruments in favor of sine wave generators which he used in producing Studie I 1953 and Studie II 1954 This was also true for the two works by Karel Goeyvaerts produced there and for Seismogramme 1954 by Henri Pousseur 12 13 14 Personal life editHe was the father of cinematographer Ralf D Bode 15 and Peer Bode 16 Notes edit a b Palov Rebekkah July 2011 Harald Bode A Short Biography EContact Canadian Electroacoustic Community CEC 13 4 a b c In Memoriam PDF Journal of the Audio Engineering Society JAES 35 9 741 September 1987 retrieved 2007 07 18 The Monochord 1948 120 Years of Electronic Music archived from the original on 2012 04 02 Monochord a modified Concert Trautonium was commissioned from Dr Friedrich Trautwein by the Studio for Electronic of WDR Koln a b c d e f g h i Rhea Tom May 2004 Harald Bode Video History Project Experimental Television Center archived from the original on 2011 07 19 a b Bode Harald 1961 European Electronic Music Instrument Design Journal of the Audio Engineering Society ix 1961 267 a b Bode Harald Bode Sound Co September 1984 History of Electronic Sound Modification Journal of the Audio Engineering Society JAES 32 10 730 739 archived from the original PDF on 2011 06 09 retrieved 2011 09 13 On the PDF version draft typescript is available at the tail also HTML version without draft is available in here 1984 Archived from the original on June 9 2011 Retrieved 27 February 2021 a b Bode Harald The Wurlitzer Company Sound Synthesizer Creates New Musical Effects PDF Electronics December 1 1961 a b Harold Bode s biography 120 years of Electronic Music archived from the original on 2012 04 02 a b c d e f g Harald s wonderful Instruments Harald Bode News 27 April 2010 Morawska Bungeler Marietta Schwingende Elektronen Eine Dokumentation uber das Studio fur Elektronische Musik des Westdeutschen Rundfunks in Koln 1951 1986 Cologne Rodenkirchen P J Tonger Musikverlag 1988 p 13 Kurtz Michael 1992 Stockhausen A Biography cloth pbk translated by Toop Richard London and Boston Faber and Faber p 62 ISBN 0 571 14323 7 Stockhausen Karlheinz 1964 Komposition 1953 Nr 2 Studie I Analyse in Dieter Schnebel ed Texte 2 Cologne Verlag M DuMont Schauberg pp 23 36 here p 23 Stockhausen Karlheinz 1971 Elektronische Musik Brief von Douglas M Davis Antwort geschrieben am 13 IX 1970 in Dieter Schnebel ed Texte 3 Cologne Verlag M DuMont Schauberg pp 341 347 here pp 344 345 Ekbert Faas Interview with Karlheinz Stockhausen Held August 11 1976 Interface 6 1977 pp 187 204 reprinted in Feedback Papers 16 August 1978 pp 23 40 here p 191 and p 27 respectively Finch Jim eContact 13 4 Interview with Harald Bode by Jim Finch Canadian Electroacoustic Community CEC Retrieved 2019 10 19 Peer Bode gt Artists gt Burchfield Penney Art Center www burchfieldpenney org Retrieved 2019 10 19 Models edit a b Rhea Thomas L July 2011 Harald Bode s Four Voice Assignment Keyboard 1937 EContact reprint ed Canadian Electroacoustic Community CEC 13 4 Originally published as Rhea Tom Electronic Perspectives Contemporary Keyboard December 1979 89 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o The Warbo Formant Orgel 1937 The Melodium 1938 The Melochord 1947 9 and Bode Sound Co 1963 120 years of Electronic Music archived from the original on 2012 04 02 a b c d e The Melochord 1947 9 The Keyboardmuseum Online archived from the original on 2007 11 14 description and history The Multimonica 1940 120 Years of Electronic Music archived from the original on 2012 07 24 The Tuttivox 1946 120 Years of Electronic Music archived from the original on 2012 04 02 Note year in title may be incorrect Windler Christian Oliver Jorgensen Electronic Tuttivox antique portable electron tube organ The Clavioline 1947 amp Combichord 1953 120 Years of Electronic Music archived from the original on 2012 04 02 Windler Christian Oliver Jorgensen Electronic Clavioline monophonic portable tube synth keyboard with great electro noises Bode Harald Instruments by Harald Bode and The Bode Sound Co Experimental Television Center Bode Feedback Stabilizer MOD 741XR PDF Pamphlet Bode Sound Co Photos edit a b Warbo Formant Organ photograph 1937 Bode 6 octave Clavioline photograph Clavioline com Archived from the original on 2006 08 21 photographs of Bode Clavioline and Bode Melochord with Harald Bode Levin John Estey Electronic Organ model AS 1 designed by Harald Bode photograph Estey Organ Museum Brattleboro Further reading editPalov Rebekkah Harald Bode A Lifetime for Sound PDF Harald Bode News Reid Gordon The Story of the Clavioline Sound on Sound March 2007 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harald Bode Harald Bode News Newsletter of Harald Bode Archive Permanent exhibition of Bode instruments at the Estey Organ Museum in Brattleboro Vermont Harald Bode on 120 Years Of Electronic Music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Harald Bode amp oldid 1154586571, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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