They are a group of eukaryotes that are parasites of marine invertebrates, causing multiple disease which has high mortality to its host, including the notorious disease MSX, which caused massive oyster mortalities in Delaware Bay in 1957 and two years later in Chesapeake Bay.
There are four genus under order haplosporida, according to the Hand book of the Protists(2017), The principal characteristics of this genus are spores with an apical-hinged operculum and a variety of extensions externally (tails, filaments, extensions, wrapping, folds, and epispore extensions) formed by the same material of the spore wall. The number of ornaments is variable according to the different species. The internal uninucleated endosporoplasm contains a spherulosome (structure formerly designated by the name “spherule”), generally located at the apical region of the spore, several haplosporosomes, and mitochondria.
Haplosporidium comatulae La Haye, Holland & McLean, 1984
Haplosporidium costale Wood & Andrews, 1962
Haplosporidium edule Azevedo, Conchas & Montes, 2003 - parasitizes the digestive gland tissues of the cockle Cerastoderma edule in Galicia (northwest Spain) and has tape-like filaments.
Haplosporidium louisiana infects crabs, Panopeus herbstii in the USA, They are probably conspecific and regarded as H. louisiana. This species is phylogenetically basal to other Haplosporidium spp.
Haplosporidium lusitanicum Azevedo, 1984 - parasitizes the gills and visceral tissues of Helcion pellucidus (Mollusca, Gastropoda). In the basal region of the spore, the wall is thicker and gives rise to two long tape-like proteinaceous filaments.
Haplosporidium montforti infects the connective tissue, gill, digestive gland, and foot muscle of the abalone, Haliotis tuberculata, imported from Ireland and experimentally grown in Galicia, Spain.
Haplosporidium pinnae very likely responsible for mass mortality of fan mussels, Pinna nobilis, in the Western Mediterranean Sea.
Haplosporidium tumefacientis Taylor, 1966
Diseaseedit
MSX(Multinucleated Sphere Unknown) is the disease caused by Haplosporidium nelsoni, MSX is lethal to the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), The early MSX infections are found in the oyster’s gill. The infection spreads to the digestive diverticulum, and finally all the tissues of the oyster are filled with plasmodia. MSX infection is not directly transmissible from oyster to oyster. How the infection is transmitted is not yet known. Several researchers believe that an intermediate host is part of the life cycle of this parasite, but what the host is remains unknown. MSX disease is suppressed by low salinities and low temperatures.
1. John M. ArchibaldAlastair G.B. SimpsonClaudio H. Slamovits(2017). Handbook of the Protists.
2.Inke Sunila, State Shellfish Pathologist. Connecticut Department of Agriculture Bureau of Aquaculture and Laboratory Milford, Connecticut 06460. MSX DISEASE
3.Gaetano Catanese, Amalia Grau, Jose Maria Valencia, Jose Rafael Garcia-March, Maite Vázquez-Luis, Elvira Alvarez, Salud Deudero, Susana Darriba, María J. Carballal, Antonio Villalba.(2018). Haplosporidium pinnae sp. nov., a haplosporidan parasite associated with mass mortalities of the fan mussel, Pinna nobilis, in the Western Mediterranean Sea.
Other sourcesedit
1.Isabelle Arzul, Ryan B. Carnegie.(2015) New perspective on the haplosporidan parasites of molluscs https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280998012_New_Perspective_On_The_Haplosporidian_Parasites_Of_Molluscs
December 18, 2023
haplosporidium, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, december, 2021, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, . This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Haplosporidium is a genus under order Haplosporida 1 HaplosporidiumScientific classificationDomain Eukaryota unranked SAR unranked RhizariaPhylum CercozoaClass AscetosporeaOrder HaplosporidaFamily HaplosporiidaeGenus HaplosporidiumLuhe 1900They are a group of eukaryotes that are parasites of marine invertebrates causing multiple disease which has high mortality to its host including the notorious disease MSX which caused massive oyster mortalities in Delaware Bay in 1957 and two years later in Chesapeake Bay There are four genus under order haplosporida according to the Hand book of the Protists 2017 The principal characteristics of this genus are spores with an apical hinged operculum and a variety of extensions externally tails filaments extensions wrapping folds and epispore extensions formed by the same material of the spore wall The number of ornaments is variable according to the different species The internal uninucleated endosporoplasm contains a spherulosome structure formerly designated by the name spherule generally located at the apical region of the spore several haplosporosomes and mitochondria Contents 1 Species 2 Disease 3 References 3 1 Citations 3 2 Other sourcesSpecies editHaplosporidium armoricanum Van Banning 1977 Haplosporidium ascidiarum Duboscq amp Harrant 1923 Haplosporidium cadomensis Marchand amp Sprague 1979 Haplosporidium caulleryi Mercier amp Poisson 1922 Haplosporidium comatulaeLa Haye Holland amp McLean 1984 Haplosporidium costale Wood amp Andrews 1962 Haplosporidium edule Azevedo Conchas amp Montes 2003 parasitizes the digestive gland tissues of the cockle Cerastoderma edule in Galicia northwest Spain and has tape like filaments Haplosporidium heterocirri Caullery amp Mesnil 1899 Haplosporidium hinei Bearham Spiers Raidal Jones Burreson amp Nicholls 2008 Haplosporidium louisiana infects crabs Panopeus herbstii in the USA They are probably conspecific and regarded as H louisiana This species is phylogenetically basal to other Haplosporidium spp Haplosporidium lusitanicum Azevedo 1984 parasitizes the gills and visceral tissues of Helcion pellucidus Mollusca Gastropoda In the basal region of the spore the wall is thicker and gives rise to two long tape like proteinaceous filaments Haplosporidium montforti Azevedo Balseiro Casal Gestal Aranguren Stokes Carnegie Novoa Burreson amp Figueras 2006 Haplosporidium montforti infects the connective tissue gill digestive gland and foot muscle of the abalone Haliotis tuberculata imported from Ireland and experimentally grown in Galicia Spain Haplosporidium nelsoni Haskin Stauber amp Mackin 1966 infected the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica causing the disease MSX Haplosporidium nemertisDebaisieux 1920 Haplosporidium parisi Ormieres 1980 Haplosporidium pinnae very likely responsible for mass mortality of fan mussels Pinna nobilis in the Western Mediterranean Sea Haplosporidium tumefacientis Taylor 1966Disease editMSX Multinucleated Sphere Unknown is the disease caused by Haplosporidium nelsoni MSX is lethal to the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica The early MSX infections are found in the oyster s gill The infection spreads to the digestive diverticulum and finally all the tissues of the oyster are filled with plasmodia MSX infection is not directly transmissible from oyster to oyster How the infection is transmitted is not yet known Several researchers believe that an intermediate host is part of the life cycle of this parasite but what the host is remains unknown MSX disease is suppressed by low salinities and low temperatures References edit WoRMS 2021 Haplosporidium Luhe 1900 Accessed at http www marinespecies org aphia php p taxdetails amp id 391857 on 2021 12 28 Citations edit 1 John M ArchibaldAlastair G B SimpsonClaudio H Slamovits 2017 Handbook of the Protists 2 Inke Sunila State Shellfish Pathologist Connecticut Department of Agriculture Bureau of Aquaculture and Laboratory Milford Connecticut 06460 MSX DISEASE3 Gaetano Catanese Amalia Grau Jose Maria Valencia Jose Rafael Garcia March Maite Vazquez Luis Elvira Alvarez Salud Deudero Susana Darriba Maria J Carballal Antonio Villalba 2018 Haplosporidium pinnae sp nov a haplosporidan parasite associated with mass mortalities of the fan mussel Pinna nobilis in the Western Mediterranean Sea Other sources edit 1 Isabelle Arzul Ryan B Carnegie 2015 New perspective on the haplosporidan parasites of molluscs https www researchgate net publication 280998012 New Perspective On The Haplosporidian Parasites Of Molluscs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haplosporidium amp oldid 1182060591, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
