Handball (also four square, n-square - where n is the number of players -, downball or king pin) is a ball game played in schoolyards in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, South Africa, China and South East Asia. Unlike most types of handball, it does not incorporate a wall, instead of being played on a court consisting of lines on the ground. The game is most frequently played at recess, lunchtime, or before and after school. It can also be played at home or anywhere that has a hard surface and at least one line. The quick set-up time, simple rules and only requiring a tennis ball contributes to the game's popularity.
A typical handball court is a square or rectangle split into four or six smaller squares marked by painted lines, chalk, or the expansion joints made by laid concrete surfaces. The squares are usually named with some combination of Ace, King, Queen, Jack and Dunce, with "High" or a number like One or Two added to differential squares in games with more than 4 squares, such as "High King" or "Dunce One" & "Dunce Two" for the elimination squares in a 6 person court.[1][2]
Due to the social nature of handball, the simplicity and ability to fit into wildly different locations, variations in rules are common. Students in one school might play in a square of four, while in the next school the game might involve a straight line of six squares, or any other number depending on the space available, altering the game. In addition, some variations of the game allow for the head, chest, knees or feet to be used to return the ball on the full alongside normal handball rules. This variation was common in Canberra high schools, such as Belconnen High School (with rules the same as hack slap) through the 1980s. While the rules may vary between schools, or even by individual friend groups, the basic rule is that players hit the ball with their hand in their square, into another square for another player to do the same until one player makes a mistake. Additional players will wait in a line to the side, with rules governing eliminations to enable players to rotate in and out of the game, commonly one elimination position in 4 square games & two elimination positions in 6 square games. As skill levels vary and it is essentially a social game played in the complex social settings of primary and high schools, in some settings a degree of etiquette is expected, using gentler plays against weaker players, and harsher plays against skilled or arrogant players.
The most commonly used ball in Handball is the hi-bounce ball. Popular brands such as VERAO and Spalding are often used. In the 1970s and 1980s these were not widely available and standard tennis balls were most commonly used.
The person in the leading square 'serves' the ball, bouncing it once within their square before it can enter an opponent's square.
Once the serve is complete, the receiver must hit the ball to another player.
The ball must be hit so that it bounces in the player's own square on the first bounce, and into another player's square on the second bounce.
If an outside object interferes with the play, the point will be replayed, known as a 'replay'
When a player is 'out', they must proceed to the lowest square, or to the end of the line of players waiting to enter the court. Players on the court who were in a lower position each move up a square. On 4 square courts there is one relegation square, with 6 or more squares there will usually be two. With two elimination squares it becomes possible for a player who just moved up from the first square to be eliminated and sent back to the line by the player they just pushed down to the first square.
Full/Straight/Lob: when the ball lands in another player's square on the first bounce, the player has 'lobbed' or has hit a 'foul'. In some variants, if a player does not catch the ball and continues to play, they have 'played thelob/foul' also known as a 'full play' and are therefore out.
Out: when the ball lands outside of the court, the last person who touched the ball or the last court the ball touched is out.
Double Bounce/Dubs/Doubles: when the ball bounces twice in a person's square, the person who is in that square is out. Usually known as 'double', 'double bounce'.
If the first bounce lands on a line and is not a 'full' or a 'double', it is known as 'lines/liner'.[3] When 'lines/liner' is called the point is replayed.
Double Touch: when the ball is touched twice in a row by the same person. This typically results in the elimination of the person who touched the ball twice in standard variations of handball.
Grabs/Carry: when the ball is held or scooped instead of a clean hit, resulting in the elimination or demotion of the person who grabbed.
Interference: if a player interferes with another player, they are usually out, or when a non-player interferes with gameplay,[4] usually by walking across the court.
Rolls/Dead Ball: if the player hits the ball in such a manner that it rolls along the ground, without bouncing, "rolls/dead ball" is allowed to be called and the ball is picked up and re-served.
Rebound: in some schools, the ball can be rebounded off an outside object or a wall and is allowed one bounce back in the players square.
The courtEdit
Even though each part of the court is referred to as "squares", they can be any shape or size. Edges or 'lines' can be marked with any material: paint, expansion joints, cracks, chalk, or points where the square meets an object such as a wall or locker. Commonly, the court has either a bitumen or concrete surface. Depending on the school, the squares will either be labelled Ace, King, Queen and Dunce or King, Queen, Jack and Dunce.[5]
In popular cultureEdit
Handball has entered the meme culture. In March 2013, former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd released a video of him playing handball at Brisbane State High School,[6] which led to him becoming part of a "handball meme". In late November 2017, Rudd played handball with students in a school in Brisbane, and the accompanying video - claiming he was the "king of handball" - reached 40,000 views on Facebook.[when?][7]
A Spaldeen autographed by Kevin Rudd
Handball is the main theme of the children's television series, Handball Heroes, which aired on ABC Me (Then ABC 3) in 2013, as well as Hardball which aired on ABC Me in 2019.[8][9]
ReferencesEdit
^"Handball Ball Game". Childhood, Tradition and Change. University of Melbourne. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
^"Handball Rules for Kids". familiesmagazine.com.au. February 22, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
^"Handball Rules for Kids". familiesmagazine.com.au. February 22, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
^"High School Handball Tournament Grand Finale". Youtube. MontFilms. April 3, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
^"Four Square Handball Rules" (PDF). Moore Teaching Tips.
^Kevin Rudd (2013-03-10), Playing handball at Brisbane State High School, retrieved 2017-10-31
handball, schoolyard, game, this, article, about, australian, schoolyard, game, other, games, this, name, played, schools, handball, disambiguation, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove. This article is about the Australian schoolyard game For other games of this name played in schools see Handball disambiguation This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed October 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Handball schoolyard game news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Handball also four square n square where n is the number of players downball or king pin is a ball game played in schoolyards in Australia New Zealand Fiji South Africa China and South East Asia Unlike most types of handball it does not incorporate a wall instead of being played on a court consisting of lines on the ground The game is most frequently played at recess lunchtime or before and after school It can also be played at home or anywhere that has a hard surface and at least one line The quick set up time simple rules and only requiring a tennis ball contributes to the game s popularity HandballPlayers2 minimumSkillsManual dexterityStrategySocial skillsHand eye coordinationEnduranceStrengthDetermination The most common handball a Spaldeen A typical handball court is a square or rectangle split into four or six smaller squares marked by painted lines chalk or the expansion joints made by laid concrete surfaces The squares are usually named with some combination of Ace King Queen Jack and Dunce with High or a number like One or Two added to differential squares in games with more than 4 squares such as High King or Dunce One amp Dunce Two for the elimination squares in a 6 person court 1 2 Due to the social nature of handball the simplicity and ability to fit into wildly different locations variations in rules are common Students in one school might play in a square of four while in the next school the game might involve a straight line of six squares or any other number depending on the space available altering the game In addition some variations of the game allow for the head chest knees or feet to be used to return the ball on the full alongside normal handball rules This variation was common in Canberra high schools such as Belconnen High School with rules the same as hack slap through the 1980s While the rules may vary between schools or even by individual friend groups the basic rule is that players hit the ball with their hand in their square into another square for another player to do the same until one player makes a mistake Additional players will wait in a line to the side with rules governing eliminations to enable players to rotate in and out of the game commonly one elimination position in 4 square games amp two elimination positions in 6 square games As skill levels vary and it is essentially a social game played in the complex social settings of primary and high schools in some settings a degree of etiquette is expected using gentler plays against weaker players and harsher plays against skilled or arrogant players The most commonly used ball in Handball is the hi bounce ball Popular brands such as VERAO and Spalding are often used In the 1970s and 1980s these were not widely available and standard tennis balls were most commonly used Contents 1 Rules 1 1 Basic rules 2 The court 3 In popular culture 4 References 5 External linksRules EditBasic rules Edit A game must have at least two players The person in the leading square serves the ball bouncing it once within their square before it can enter an opponent s square Once the serve is complete the receiver must hit the ball to another player The ball must be hit so that it bounces in the player s own square on the first bounce and into another player s square on the second bounce If an outside object interferes with the play the point will be replayed known as a replay When a player is out they must proceed to the lowest square or to the end of the line of players waiting to enter the court Players on the court who were in a lower position each move up a square On 4 square courts there is one relegation square with 6 or more squares there will usually be two With two elimination squares it becomes possible for a player who just moved up from the first square to be eliminated and sent back to the line by the player they just pushed down to the first square Full Straight Lob when the ball lands in another player s square on the first bounce the player has lobbed or has hit a foul In some variants if a player does not catch the ball and continues to play they have played the lob foul also known as a full play and are therefore out Out when the ball lands outside of the court the last person who touched the ball or the last court the ball touched is out Double Bounce Dubs Doubles when the ball bounces twice in a person s square the person who is in that square is out Usually known as double double bounce If the first bounce lands on a line and is not a full or a double it is known as lines liner 3 When lines liner is called the point is replayed Double Touch when the ball is touched twice in a row by the same person This typically results in the elimination of the person who touched the ball twice in standard variations of handball Grabs Carry when the ball is held or scooped instead of a clean hit resulting in the elimination or demotion of the person who grabbed Interference if a player interferes with another player they are usually out or when a non player interferes with gameplay 4 usually by walking across the court Rolls Dead Ball if the player hits the ball in such a manner that it rolls along the ground without bouncing rolls dead ball is allowed to be called and the ball is picked up and re served Rebound in some schools the ball can be rebounded off an outside object or a wall and is allowed one bounce back in the players square The court EditEven though each part of the court is referred to as squares they can be any shape or size Edges or lines can be marked with any material paint expansion joints cracks chalk or points where the square meets an object such as a wall or locker Commonly the court has either a bitumen or concrete surface Depending on the school the squares will either be labelled Ace King Queen and Dunce or King Queen Jack and Dunce 5 In popular culture EditHandball has entered the meme culture In March 2013 former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd released a video of him playing handball at Brisbane State High School 6 which led to him becoming part of a handball meme In late November 2017 Rudd played handball with students in a school in Brisbane and the accompanying video claiming he was the king of handball reached 40 000 views on Facebook when 7 nbsp A Spaldeen autographed by Kevin RuddHandball is the main theme of the children s television series Handball Heroes which aired on ABC Me Then ABC 3 in 2013 as well as Hardball which aired on ABC Me in 2019 8 9 References Edit Handball Ball Game Childhood Tradition and Change University of Melbourne Retrieved May 12 2021 Handball Rules for Kids familiesmagazine com au February 22 2017 Retrieved May 12 2021 Handball Rules for Kids familiesmagazine com au February 22 2017 Retrieved May 12 2021 High School Handball Tournament Grand Finale Youtube MontFilms April 3 2015 Retrieved May 12 2021 Four Square Handball Rules PDF Moore Teaching Tips Kevin Rudd 2013 03 10 Playing handball at Brisbane State High School retrieved 2017 10 31 Handball Memes www facebook com Retrieved 2017 10 31 Handball Heroes ABC Television Retrieved 2017 10 31 Hardball IMDb Retrieved 2020 10 31 External links EditHandball Australia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Handball schoolyard game amp oldid 1178684578, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
