Neopetrosia subtriangularis superficially resemble the staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) in appearance. They form clusters of interconnecting solid branches that tend to sprawl along the substrate (repent),[3] though these branches may sometimes be solitary (arising from a flattened base) and erect.[4]
The branches are brown, beige, yellow or orange in coloration on the external surfaces, though they may possess a greenish tinge. Internal surfaces are tan to off-white in coloration.[5] They are usually around 28 cm (11 in) long and 2.5 cm (0.98 in) wide and may be laterally flattened.[3] In the Bahamas, the individual branches tend to be wider, around 3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2.0 in), than in other areas where they average at 1 to 2 cm (0.39 to 0.79 in).[6] They are hard in consistency, but are brittle and easily break off. The surface of the branches are smooth and flat.[5]
The openings (oscules) are round and 2 to 4 mm (0.079 to 0.157 in) in diameter, usually surrounded by a rim of paler colored (usually white or yellow) membrane. They may be located flush on the surface or elevated in small conical chimneys, around 1.3 cm (0.51 in) tall. They are distributed regularly on the upper surface of the branches, forming neat rows. Individual oscules may sometimes fuse together to form a crest.[3][5] The spicules are curved cylinders, with pointed (oxea) or rounded (strongyloxea) tips at both ends.[5]
Ecologyedit
Neopetrosia subtriangularis are found in shallow reefs and seagrass beds at depths of greater than 3 m (9.8 ft). Especially in the turbid waters of sand channels.[7] They serve as hosts of colonies of the eusocialsnapping shrimp in the genus Synalpheus.[8][9]
Distributionedit
Neopetrosia subtriangularis is found off the east and west coasts of Florida, the Bahamas, and throughout the entire Caribbean Sea.[3][5]
Referencesedit
^ abcvan Soest, R. (2014). Van Soest RW, Boury-Esnault N, Hooper JN, Rützler K, de Voogd NJ, de Glasby BA, Hajdu E, Pisera AB, Manconi R, Schoenberg C, Janussen D, Tabachnick KR, Klautau M, Picton B, Kelly M, Vacelet J (eds.). "Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850)". World Porifera database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-22.
^Sheppard, Charles. "Xestospongia subtriangularis (Duchassaing 1850)". Coralpedia v 1.0: A guide to Caribbean corals, octocorals and sponges, University of Warwick. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
^ abcdeMessing, Charles G.; Bangalore, Purushotham V.; Diaz, Maria Cristina; Freeman, Christopher J.; Kohler, Kevin E.; Reed, John K.; Ruetzler, Klaus; Thacker, Robert W.; van Soest, Rob; Wulff, Janie; Zea, Sven. "Xestospongia subtriangularis (Duchassaing 1850)". South Florida Sponges: A Guide to Identification, The Porifera Tree of Life Project. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
^Zea, Sven; Henkel, Timothy P.; Pawlik, Joseph R. (2009). "Neopetrosia subtriangularis". The Sponge Guide: a picture guide to Caribbean sponges, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
^Diaz, M.C. "Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850)". Bocas del Toro: Species Database, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
^Duffy, J. Emmett; Macdonald, Kenneth S. III; Hultgren, Kristin M.; Chak, Tin Chi Solomon; Rubenstein, Dustin R. (2013). "Decline and Local Extinction of Caribbean Eusocial Shrimp". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e54637. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054637. PMC3572134. PMID 23418429.
^Hultgren, Kristin M.; MacDonald, Kenneth S. III; Duffy, J. Emmett (2011). "Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2834: 1–16. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2834.1.1.
April 12, 2024
neopetrosia, subtriangularis, species, marine, petrosiid, sponges, native, waters, florida, caribbean, they, superficially, resemble, staghorn, corals, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, poriferaclass, demospongiaeorder, haplos. Neopetrosia subtriangularis is a species of marine petrosiid sponges native to the waters off Florida and the Caribbean Sea They superficially resemble staghorn corals Neopetrosia subtriangularisScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum PoriferaClass DemospongiaeOrder HaploscleridaFamily PetrosiidaeGenus NeopetrosiaSpecies N subtriangularisBinomial nameNeopetrosia subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 1 Synonyms 1 ListHaliclona doria de Laubenfels 1936 Haliclona longleyi de Laubenfels 1932 Haliclona subtriangularis Duchassaing amp Michelotti 1864 Neopetrosia longleyi De Laubenfels 1932 Pachychalina rugosa Duchassaing amp Michelotti 1864 Schmidtia aulopora Schmidt 1870 Spongia subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 Thalysias rugosa Duchassaing amp Michelotti 1864 Thalysias subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 Xestospongia subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Ecology 4 Distribution 5 ReferencesTaxonomy editNeopetrosia subtriangularis was originally described by the French naturalist Edouard Placide Duchassaing de Fontbressin in 1850 as Spongia subtriangularis 2 It is classified under the genus Neopetrosia of the family Petrosiidae in the order Haplosclerida 1 Description editNeopetrosia subtriangularis superficially resemble the staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis in appearance They form clusters of interconnecting solid branches that tend to sprawl along the substrate repent 3 though these branches may sometimes be solitary arising from a flattened base and erect 4 The branches are brown beige yellow or orange in coloration on the external surfaces though they may possess a greenish tinge Internal surfaces are tan to off white in coloration 5 They are usually around 28 cm 11 in long and 2 5 cm 0 98 in wide and may be laterally flattened 3 In the Bahamas the individual branches tend to be wider around 3 to 5 cm 1 2 to 2 0 in than in other areas where they average at 1 to 2 cm 0 39 to 0 79 in 6 They are hard in consistency but are brittle and easily break off The surface of the branches are smooth and flat 5 The openings oscules are round and 2 to 4 mm 0 079 to 0 157 in in diameter usually surrounded by a rim of paler colored usually white or yellow membrane They may be located flush on the surface or elevated in small conical chimneys around 1 3 cm 0 51 in tall They are distributed regularly on the upper surface of the branches forming neat rows Individual oscules may sometimes fuse together to form a crest 3 5 The spicules are curved cylinders with pointed oxea or rounded strongyloxea tips at both ends 5 Ecology editNeopetrosia subtriangularis are found in shallow reefs and seagrass beds at depths of greater than 3 m 9 8 ft Especially in the turbid waters of sand channels 7 They serve as hosts of colonies of the eusocial snapping shrimp in the genus Synalpheus 8 9 Distribution editNeopetrosia subtriangularis is found off the east and west coasts of Florida the Bahamas and throughout the entire Caribbean Sea 3 5 References edit a b c van Soest R 2014 Van Soest RW Boury Esnault N Hooper JN Rutzler K de Voogd NJ de Glasby BA Hajdu E Pisera AB Manconi R Schoenberg C Janussen D Tabachnick KR Klautau M Picton B Kelly M Vacelet J eds Neopetrosia subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 World Porifera database World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 2014 05 22 Duchassaing de Fontbressin Edouard Placide 1850 Animaux radiaires des Antilles Plon Freres pp 1 35 a b c d Freeman Chris Neopetrosia subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 LifeDesks Retrieved September 25 2013 Sheppard Charles Xestospongia subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 Coralpedia v 1 0 A guide to Caribbean corals octocorals and sponges University of Warwick Retrieved September 25 2013 a b c d e Messing Charles G Bangalore Purushotham V Diaz Maria Cristina Freeman Christopher J Kohler Kevin E Reed John K Ruetzler Klaus Thacker Robert W van Soest Rob Wulff Janie Zea Sven Xestospongia subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 South Florida Sponges A Guide to Identification The Porifera Tree of Life Project Retrieved September 25 2013 Zea Sven Henkel Timothy P Pawlik Joseph R 2009 Neopetrosia subtriangularis The Sponge Guide a picture guide to Caribbean sponges Universidad Nacional de Colombia Retrieved September 25 2013 Diaz M C Neopetrosia subtriangularis Duchassaing 1850 Bocas del Toro Species Database Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Retrieved September 25 2013 Duffy J Emmett Macdonald Kenneth S III Hultgren Kristin M Chak Tin Chi Solomon Rubenstein Dustin R 2013 Decline and Local Extinction of Caribbean Eusocial Shrimp PLOS ONE 8 2 e54637 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0054637 PMC 3572134 PMID 23418429 Hultgren Kristin M MacDonald Kenneth S III Duffy J Emmett 2011 Sponge dwelling snapping shrimps Alpheidae Synalpheus of Barbados West Indies with a description of a new eusocial species PDF Zootaxa 2834 1 16 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 2834 1 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Neopetrosia subtriangularis amp oldid 1183344139, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
