The Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period or HUT (c. 5500/5400 to 5200/5000 BC) is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia. It lies chronologically between the Halaf period and the Ubaid period. It is still a complex and rather poorly understood period.[1] At the same time, recent efforts were made to study the gradual change from Halaf style pottery to Ubaid style pottery in various parts of North Mesopotamia.
Archaeologically, the period has been studied anew recently by a number of scholars. The Halaf appears to have ended around 5200 BC, and the northern Ubaid begins around then. There are several sites that run from the Halaf until the Ubaid.
Previously, only two such sites were well known. The first of these, Tepe Gawra, was excavated in the 1930s when stratigraphic controls were lacking, causing difficulties in re-creating the sequence.[2] The second, Tell Aqab, remained largely unpublished.[3] This made definitive statements about the period difficult. But with the present state of archaeological knowledge, more certainty is emerging.
Sites with abrupt transitionedit
Tell Arpachiyah and Tepe Gawra are the sites where the transition from Halaf to Ubaid were quite abrupt. No transitional levels were observed at these two important sites.[4]
Gradual transitionedit
A. L. Perkins identified the existence of a Halaf-Ubaid Transition phase that can be seen in ceramic assemblages. Sites like Tell el-'Oueili, and Choga Mami in the Mandali region were suggested as witnesses to this phase.[5]
More recently, a Halaf-Ubaid Transitional phase has been attested in Syria, in such places as Tell Zeidan, Tell Aqab, Tell Kurdu, Tell Masaikh (near Terqa, also known as Kar-Assurnasirpal, pl:Kar-Aszurnasirpal), and Chagar Bazar.
Halaf-Ubaid Transitional pottery from Tell Begum, in the Shahrizor plain, is particularly plentiful.[6] Shahrizor plain is located between the Mesopotamian plains and the Iranian plateau, so it is geographically significant.
Recent analysis (2016) indicates that, in the Ashur region, as well as on the Shahrizor Plain, the settlement intensity, as well as the overall site numbers remained rather similar throughout the Halaf and Ubaid periods.[7]
Notesedit
^Campbell, Stuart and Fletcher, Alexandra. 2010. Questioning the Halaf-Ubaid Transition in Carter, Robert and Philip, Graham Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN978-1-885923-66-0. Available at http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/saoc/saoc63.html (Accessed 25/07/2013). pp. 79–80.
^Campbell, Stuart and Fletcher, Alexandra. 2010. Questioning the Halaf-Ubaid Transition in Carter, Robert and Philip, Graham Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN978-1-885923-66-0. Available at http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/saoc/saoc63.html (Accessed 25/07/2013). p. 77.
^Campbell, Stuart and Fletcher, Alexandra. 2010. Questioning the Halaf-Ubaid Transition in Carter, Robert and Philip, Graham Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN978-1-885923-66-0. Available at http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/saoc/saoc63.html (Accessed 25/07/2013). p. 77
^SIMONE MÜHL and OLIVIER P. NIEUWENHUYSE (2016), Halaf and Ubaid period settlement: a view from the Central Zagros Piedmont. in: M. Iamoni (ed.), Trajectories of Complexity. Socio-economic Dynamics in Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods, Studia Chaburensia 6, Wiesbaden: 27–56; 2016
^SIMONE MÜHL and OLIVIER P. NIEUWENHUYSE (2016), Halaf and Ubaid period settlement: a view from the Central Zagros Piedmont. in: M. Iamoni (ed.), Trajectories of Complexity. Socio-economic Dynamics in Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods, Studia Chaburensia 6, Wiesbaden: 27-56; 2016
^SIMONE MÜHL and OLIVIER P. NIEUWENHUYSE (2016), Halaf and Ubaid period settlement: a view from the Central Zagros Piedmont. in: M. Iamoni (ed.), Trajectories of Complexity. Socio-economic Dynamics in Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods, Studia Chaburensia 6, Wiesbaden: 27-56; 2016
^SIMONE MÜHL and OLIVIER P. NIEUWENHUYSE (2016), Halaf and Ubaid period settlement: a view from the Central Zagros Piedmont. in: M. Iamoni (ed.), Trajectories of Complexity. Socio-economic Dynamics in Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods, Studia Chaburensia 6, Wiesbaden: 27-56; 2016
Referencesedit
Davidson, T and Watkins, T. 1981. 'Two seasons of excavation at Tell Aqab in the Jezirah, N.E. Syria' Iraq. 43:1. pp. 1–18.
Tobler, Arthur. 1950. Excavations at Tepe Gawra: Volume II. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Campbell, Stuart and Fletcher, Alexandra. 2010. Questioning the Halaf-Ubaid Transition in Carter, Robert and Philip, Graham Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN978-1-885923-66-0. Available at http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/saoc/saoc63.html (Accessed 25/07/2013)
Campbell, Stuart. 2007. 'Rethinking Halaf chronologies' Paléorient. 33:1. pp. 103–136.
March 16, 2024
halaf, ubaid, transitional, period, 5500, 5400, 5200, 5000, prehistoric, period, mesopotamia, lies, chronologically, between, halaf, period, ubaid, period, still, complex, rather, poorly, understood, period, same, time, recent, efforts, were, made, study, grad. The Halaf Ubaid Transitional period or HUT c 5500 5400 to 5200 5000 BC is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia It lies chronologically between the Halaf period and the Ubaid period It is still a complex and rather poorly understood period 1 At the same time recent efforts were made to study the gradual change from Halaf style pottery to Ubaid style pottery in various parts of North Mesopotamia Halaf Ubaid Transitional periodGeographical rangeMesopotamiaPeriodNeolithic 3 Pottery Neolithic PN Datesc 5500 5000 BCType siteTepe GawraPreceded byHalaf cultureFollowed byUbaid periodTepe Gawraclass notpageimage Map of Iraq showing important sites that were occupied during the Halaf Ubaid Transitional period clickable map Contents 1 Archaeology 2 Sites with abrupt transition 3 Gradual transition 4 Notes 5 ReferencesArchaeology editArchaeologically the period has been studied anew recently by a number of scholars The Halaf appears to have ended around 5200 BC and the northern Ubaid begins around then There are several sites that run from the Halaf until the Ubaid Previously only two such sites were well known The first of these Tepe Gawra was excavated in the 1930s when stratigraphic controls were lacking causing difficulties in re creating the sequence 2 The second Tell Aqab remained largely unpublished 3 This made definitive statements about the period difficult But with the present state of archaeological knowledge more certainty is emerging Sites with abrupt transition editTell Arpachiyah and Tepe Gawra are the sites where the transition from Halaf to Ubaid were quite abrupt No transitional levels were observed at these two important sites 4 Gradual transition editA L Perkins identified the existence of a Halaf Ubaid Transition phase that can be seen in ceramic assemblages Sites like Tell el Oueili and Choga Mami in the Mandali region were suggested as witnesses to this phase 5 More recently a Halaf Ubaid Transitional phase has been attested in Syria in such places as Tell Zeidan Tell Aqab Tell Kurdu Tell Masaikh near Terqa also known as Kar Assurnasirpal pl Kar Aszurnasirpal and Chagar Bazar Halaf Ubaid Transitional pottery from Tell Begum in the Shahrizor plain is particularly plentiful 6 Shahrizor plain is located between the Mesopotamian plains and the Iranian plateau so it is geographically significant Recent analysis 2016 indicates that in the Ashur region as well as on the Shahrizor Plain the settlement intensity as well as the overall site numbers remained rather similar throughout the Halaf and Ubaid periods 7 Notes edit Campbell Stuart and Fletcher Alexandra 2010 Questioning the Halaf Ubaid Transition in Carter Robert and Philip Graham Beyond the Ubaid Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Chicago The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago ISBN 978 1 885923 66 0 Available at http oi uchicago edu research pubs catalog saoc saoc63 html Accessed 25 07 2013 pp 79 80 Campbell Stuart and Fletcher Alexandra 2010 Questioning the Halaf Ubaid Transition in Carter Robert and Philip Graham Beyond the Ubaid Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Chicago The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago ISBN 978 1 885923 66 0 Available at http oi uchicago edu research pubs catalog saoc saoc63 html Accessed 25 07 2013 p 77 Campbell Stuart and Fletcher Alexandra 2010 Questioning the Halaf Ubaid Transition in Carter Robert and Philip Graham Beyond the Ubaid Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Chicago The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago ISBN 978 1 885923 66 0 Available at http oi uchicago edu research pubs catalog saoc saoc63 html Accessed 25 07 2013 p 77 SIMONE MUHL and OLIVIER P NIEUWENHUYSE 2016 Halaf and Ubaid period settlement a view from the Central Zagros Piedmont in M Iamoni ed Trajectories of Complexity Socio economic Dynamics in Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods Studia Chaburensia 6 Wiesbaden 27 56 2016 SIMONE MUHL and OLIVIER P NIEUWENHUYSE 2016 Halaf and Ubaid period settlement a view from the Central Zagros Piedmont in M Iamoni ed Trajectories of Complexity Socio economic Dynamics in Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods Studia Chaburensia 6 Wiesbaden 27 56 2016 SIMONE MUHL and OLIVIER P NIEUWENHUYSE 2016 Halaf and Ubaid period settlement a view from the Central Zagros Piedmont in M Iamoni ed Trajectories of Complexity Socio economic Dynamics in Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods Studia Chaburensia 6 Wiesbaden 27 56 2016 SIMONE MUHL and OLIVIER P NIEUWENHUYSE 2016 Halaf and Ubaid period settlement a view from the Central Zagros Piedmont in M Iamoni ed Trajectories of Complexity Socio economic Dynamics in Upper Mesopotamia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods Studia Chaburensia 6 Wiesbaden 27 56 2016References editDavidson T and Watkins T 1981 Two seasons of excavation at Tell Aqab in the Jezirah N E Syria Iraq 43 1 pp 1 18 Tobler Arthur 1950 Excavations at Tepe Gawra Volume II Oxford Oxford University Press Campbell Stuart and Fletcher Alexandra 2010 Questioning the Halaf Ubaid Transition in Carter Robert and Philip Graham Beyond the Ubaid Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Chicago The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago ISBN 978 1 885923 66 0 Available at http oi uchicago edu research pubs catalog saoc saoc63 html Accessed 25 07 2013 Campbell Stuart 2007 Rethinking Halaf chronologies Paleorient 33 1 pp 103 136 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Halaf Ubaid Transitional period amp oldid 1097960617, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
