The subfamilyTheclinae is a group of butterflies, often referred to as hairstreaks, with some species instead known as elfins or by other names. The group is part of the family Lycaenidae, the "gossamer-winged butterflies". There are many tropical species as well as a number found in the Americas. Tropical hairstreaks often have iridescent blue coloration above, caused by reflected light from the structure of the wing scales rather than by pigment. Hairstreaks from North America are commonly brown above. Few Theclinae are migratory. Members of this group are described as 'thecline'.
The systematics and phylogeny of the numerous Theclinae has not reached a robust consensus yet. The arrangement presented here is based on Savela (2007), but be aware that it is probably oversplit and several tribes may not be valid. Nonetheless, the tribes as listed here generally seem to represent monophyletic lineages, but whether this is indeed so and whether these are distinct enough to warrant this level of separation remains to be resolved.
The former tribe Aphnaeini has now been given subfamily status (see Aphnaeinae).[1]
^Boyle, J.H., Kaliszewska, Z.A., Espeland, M., Suderman, T.R., Fleming, J., Heath, A., & Pierce, N.E., 2015. Phylogeny of the Aphnaeinae: myrmecophilous African butterflies with carnivorous and herbivorous life histories. Systematic entomology 40(1): 169–182.
Opler, Paul (1999). Field Guide to Western Butterflies, A. Amy Bartlett Wright (ill.) (2nd ed.). Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Savela, Markku (2007): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Theclinae. Version of 2007-APR-5. Retrieved 2007-MAY-30.
. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Archived from the original on 2006-07-19. Retrieved 2006-07-22.
Further reading
Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
theclinae, subfamily, group, butterflies, often, referred, hairstreaks, with, some, species, instead, known, elfins, other, names, group, part, family, lycaenidae, gossamer, winged, butterflies, there, many, tropical, species, well, number, found, americas, tr. The subfamily Theclinae is a group of butterflies often referred to as hairstreaks with some species instead known as elfins or by other names The group is part of the family Lycaenidae the gossamer winged butterflies There are many tropical species as well as a number found in the Americas Tropical hairstreaks often have iridescent blue coloration above caused by reflected light from the structure of the wing scales rather than by pigment Hairstreaks from North America are commonly brown above Few Theclinae are migratory Members of this group are described as thecline TheclinaeRed banded hairstreakScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder LepidopteraSuperfamily PapilionoideaFamily LycaenidaeSubfamily TheclinaeSwainson 1831TribesSee text Contents 1 Systematics 2 Tribes 2 1 Genera of incertae sedis 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksSystematics EditThe systematics and phylogeny of the numerous Theclinae has not reached a robust consensus yet The arrangement presented here is based on Savela 2007 but be aware that it is probably oversplit and several tribes may not be valid Nonetheless the tribes as listed here generally seem to represent monophyletic lineages but whether this is indeed so and whether these are distinct enough to warrant this level of separation remains to be resolved The former tribe Aphnaeini has now been given subfamily status see Aphnaeinae 1 Tribes EditThe subfamily includes the following tribes Amblypodiini Arhopalini Catapaecilmatini Cheritrini Deudorigini Eumaeini Horagini Hypolycaenini Hypotheclini Iolaini Loxurini Luciini Oxylidini Remelanini Theclini Tomarini ZesiiniGenera of incertae sedis Edit Museum drawer of West Palaearctic Theclinae The following genera have not yet been assigned to a tribe Bithys Gigantorubra Macusia Mercedes Orcya Pamela Parachilades Pirhites Serratofalca Terra ThaumainaReferences Edit Boyle J H Kaliszewska Z A Espeland M Suderman T R Fleming J Heath A amp Pierce N E 2015 Phylogeny of the Aphnaeinae myrmecophilous African butterflies with carnivorous and herbivorous life histories Systematic entomology 40 1 169 182 Opler Paul 1999 Field Guide to Western Butterflies A Amy Bartlett Wright ill 2nd ed Boston New York Houghton Mifflin Company Savela Markku 2007 Markku Savela s Lepidoptera and some other life forms Theclinae Version of 2007 APR 5 Retrieved 2007 MAY 30 Lycanaedae Theclinae Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Archived from the original on 2006 07 19 Retrieved 2006 07 22 Further reading EditGlassberg Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars The West 2001 James David G and Nunnallee David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies 2011 Pelham Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada 2008 Pyle Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia 2002 External links Edit Wikispecies has information related to Theclinae Wikimedia Commons has media related to Theclinae Atlides halesus great purple hairstreak on the UF IFAS Featured Creatures Web site Calycopis cecrops redbanded hairstreak on the UF IFAS Featured Creatures Web site Parrhasius m album white M hairstreak on the UF IFAS Featured Creatures Web site Butterflies and Moths of North America Butterflies of America This Theclinae related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Theclinae amp oldid 998748866, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
