For other ships with the same name, see HMS Berwick.
HMS Berwick was a 70-gun third rateship of the line of the Royal Navy, built at Chatham Dockyard during 1677/1679. After completion she was placed in Ordinary for 10 years. She was commissioned for the War of the English Succession 1689-1697, participating in the battles of Beachy Head and Barfleur. She was rebuilt between 1697 and 1700. She was commissioned for the War of Spanish Succession 1702-1712, participating in the battles of Vigo Bay, Capture of Gibraltar and Velez Malaga. placed in Ordinary in 1712, she was converted to a hulk at Portsmouth in 1715 before being broken in 1742.
She was ordered in April 1677 to be built at Chatham Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright Phineas Pett. She was launched in May 1679. Her dimensions were a gundeck of 150 feet 10 inches (45.97 metres) with a keel of 121 feet 4 inches (36.98 metres) for tonnage calculation with a breadth of 40 feet 2 inches (12.24 metres) and a depth of hold of 17 feet 0 inches (5.18 metres). Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 1,04123⁄94 tons (burthen). Her draught was 17 feet 0 inches (5.18 metres).[6][7]
Her initial gun armament was in accordance with the 1677 Establishment with 70/62 guns consisting of twenty-six demi-cannons (54 cwt,[Note 1] 9.5 ft) on the lower deck, twenty-four 12-pounder guns (32 cwt, 9 ft) on the upper deck, ten sakers (16 cwt, 7 ft) on the quarterdeck and four sakers (16 cwt, 7 ft) on the foc’x’le with four 3-pounder guns (5 cwt, 5 ft) on the poop deck or roundhouse. By 1688 she would carry 70 guns as per the 1685 Establishment . Her initial manning establishment would be for a crew of 460/380/300 personnel.[6][7]
Commissioned ServiceEdit
Service 1679 to 1700Edit
She was commissioned in 1689 under the command of Captain Edward Stanley. Later in 1689 she was under command of Captain Henry Martin for the Battle of Beachy Head in Rear (Blue) Squadron on 30 June 1690. She fought in the Battle of Barfleur in Rear (Blue) Squadron, Centre Division from 19 to 22 May 1692.[8] She also partook in the Battles off Cherbourg and La Hogue on 23 and 24 May 1692.[9][2] She sailed with Russel's Fleet in the Mediterranean in October 1694. Captain Robert Sincock was in command in 1696 off Cape Clear. During 1697/98 she was Captain Lord Archibald Hamilton sailing with the Dunkirk Squadron. She would be rebuilt at Deptford in 1700.[6]
Rebuild Deptford 1697-1700Edit
She was ordered rebuilt (possibly) in November 1697 under contract by Edward Snelgrove of Deptford. She was launched/completed in May 1700. Her dimensions were a gundeck of 150 feet 9 inches (45.95 metres) with a keel of 125 feet 3 inches (38.18 metres) for tonnage calculation with a breadth of 40 feet 5.5 inches (12.33 metres) and a depth of hold of 16 feet 10 inches (5.13 metres) . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 1,09049⁄94 tons (burthen). She probably retained her armament as stated in the 1685 Establishment, though it is unclear if her armament was changed to the 1703 Establishment later. It is known that when completed her gun armament total at least 70 guns.[10][11]
Service 1701 to 1715Edit
HMS Berwick was commissioned in 1701 under the command of Captain John Leake for service with Sir George Rooke's Fleet. In 1702 she came under Captain Richard Edwards remaining with Admiral Rooke's Fleet in Vice-Admiral (of the Red) Thomas Hopsonn's Squadron. The Fleet departed Portsmouth on 19 July 1702 for the Soundings at the Scilly Islands. Finally departing for Cadiz, Spain on the 22nd arriving at the Bay of Bulls, north of Cadiz on 8 August. After some success and much indecision on how to proceed the troops were withdrawn on 15 September and the Fleet departed by the 19th.[12][10]
On 21 September it was learned from a watering expedition to Lagos, Portugal, that the Spanish Treasure Fleet and its French escort was in the vicinity of Vigo Bay. The Fleet sailed North to engage these vessels. After a council of War on 11 October, it was decided that only 25 vessels would be selected to attack the enemy vessels. She fought in the Battle of Vigo Bay as a member White Squadron under the command of Rear-Admiral Sir Stafford Fairborne on 12 October.[13] All enemy vessels were either taken or destroyed and much treasure was taken.[3] The Fleet returned to England.[14][10]
By September 1703 she was back in the Mediterranean with Sir George Rooke's Fleet. In 1704 she came under the command of Captain Robert Fairfax remaining with Rooke's Fleet. On 23 July 1704 she participated in the Capture of Gibraltar.[15][4] She participated in the defense of Gibraltar at the Battle of Velez Malaga as a member of the Van Squadron on 13 August 1704.[16][5] She suffered 23 killed with 24 wounded. In 1705 she came under the command of Captain Thomas Lisle until 1712. She remained in the Mediterranean 1706 thru 1707. She was at Alicante, Spain in July 1706. She was with Byng's Fleet at the Downs and North Sea during 1708-10. She went to Lisbon, Portugal in May 1710. Following this she escorted the Brazilian Fleet before returning to the Mediterranean in 1711. For 1711 thru 1712 she was in the English Channel. With the end of the War of Spanish Succession she was placed in Ordinary.[10]
DispositionEdit
In October 1715, she was fitted as a hulk at Portsmouth.[10][11] She was finally broken at Portsmouth in August 1742.[10]
NotesEdit
^"cwt", or "hundredweight" refers to the weight of the gun itself
berwick, 1679, other, ships, with, same, name, berwick, berwick, third, rate, ship, line, royal, navy, built, chatham, dockyard, during, 1677, 1679, after, completion, placed, ordinary, years, commissioned, english, succession, 1689, 1697, participating, battl. For other ships with the same name see HMS Berwick HMS Berwick was a 70 gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy built at Chatham Dockyard during 1677 1679 After completion she was placed in Ordinary for 10 years She was commissioned for the War of the English Succession 1689 1697 participating in the battles of Beachy Head and Barfleur She was rebuilt between 1697 and 1700 She was commissioned for the War of Spanish Succession 1702 1712 participating in the battles of Vigo Bay Capture of Gibraltar and Velez Malaga placed in Ordinary in 1712 she was converted to a hulk at Portsmouth in 1715 before being broken in 1742 HistoryEnglandNameHMS BerwickOrderedApril 1677BuilderChatham DockyardLaunchedMay 1679Commissioned1689Honours andawardsBarfleur 1692 Vigo 1702 Gibraltar 1704 Velez Malaga 1704FateHulked at Portsmouth 1715 and Broken at Portsmouth in August 1642General characteristics as builtClass and type70 gun third rate ship of the lineTons burthen1 04123 94 tons bm Length150 ft 10 in 45 97 m gundeck 121 ft 4 in 36 98 m Beam40 ft 0 in 12 19 m Draught17 ft 0 in 5 18 m Depth of hold17 ft 0 in 5 18 m PropulsionSailsSail planFull rigged shipArmament1677 Establishment 72 60 guns 26 x demi cannons 54 cwt 9 5 ft LD 26 x 12 pdr guns 32 cwt 9 ft UD 10 x sakers 16 cwt 7 ft QD 4 x sakers 16 cwt 7 ft Fc 5 x 5 3 pdr guns 5 cwt 5 ft RH General characteristics 1697 1700 rebuildClass and type70 gun third rate ship of the lineTons burthen1 09049 94 tons bm Length150 ft 9 in 45 95 m gundeck 125 ft 3 in 38 18 m keel for tonnageBeam40 ft 5 5 in 12 33 m Depth of hold16 ft 10 in 5 13 m PropulsionSailsSail planFull rigged shipArmament1685 Establishment 70 62 guns 26 x demi cannons 54 cwt 9 5 ft LD 26 x demi culverins UD 10 x sakers 16 cwt 7 ft QD 4 x sakers 16 cwt 7 ft Fc 5 x 5 3 pdr guns 5 cwt 5 ft RH This was the first vessel to bear the name Berwick in the English and Royal Navy 1 HMS Berwick was awarded the Battle Honour Barfleur 1692 2 Vigo 1702 3 Gibraltar 1704 4 and Velez Malaga 1704 5 Contents 1 Construction and Specifications 2 Commissioned Service 2 1 Service 1679 to 1700 2 2 Rebuild Deptford 1697 1700 2 3 Service 1701 to 1715 3 Disposition 4 Notes 5 Citations 6 ReferencesConstruction and Specifications EditShe was ordered in April 1677 to be built at Chatham Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright Phineas Pett She was launched in May 1679 Her dimensions were a gundeck of 150 feet 10 inches 45 97 metres with a keel of 121 feet 4 inches 36 98 metres for tonnage calculation with a breadth of 40 feet 2 inches 12 24 metres and a depth of hold of 17 feet 0 inches 5 18 metres Her builder s measure tonnage was calculated as 1 04123 94 tons burthen Her draught was 17 feet 0 inches 5 18 metres 6 7 Her initial gun armament was in accordance with the 1677 Establishment with 70 62 guns consisting of twenty six demi cannons 54 cwt Note 1 9 5 ft on the lower deck twenty four 12 pounder guns 32 cwt 9 ft on the upper deck ten sakers 16 cwt 7 ft on the quarterdeck and four sakers 16 cwt 7 ft on the foc x le with four 3 pounder guns 5 cwt 5 ft on the poop deck or roundhouse By 1688 she would carry 70 guns as per the 1685 Establishment Her initial manning establishment would be for a crew of 460 380 300 personnel 6 7 Commissioned Service EditService 1679 to 1700 Edit She was commissioned in 1689 under the command of Captain Edward Stanley Later in 1689 she was under command of Captain Henry Martin for the Battle of Beachy Head in Rear Blue Squadron on 30 June 1690 She fought in the Battle of Barfleur in Rear Blue Squadron Centre Division from 19 to 22 May 1692 8 She also partook in the Battles off Cherbourg and La Hogue on 23 and 24 May 1692 9 2 She sailed with Russel s Fleet in the Mediterranean in October 1694 Captain Robert Sincock was in command in 1696 off Cape Clear During 1697 98 she was Captain Lord Archibald Hamilton sailing with the Dunkirk Squadron She would be rebuilt at Deptford in 1700 6 Rebuild Deptford 1697 1700 Edit She was ordered rebuilt possibly in November 1697 under contract by Edward Snelgrove of Deptford She was launched completed in May 1700 Her dimensions were a gundeck of 150 feet 9 inches 45 95 metres with a keel of 125 feet 3 inches 38 18 metres for tonnage calculation with a breadth of 40 feet 5 5 inches 12 33 metres and a depth of hold of 16 feet 10 inches 5 13 metres Her builder s measure tonnage was calculated as 1 09049 94 tons burthen She probably retained her armament as stated in the 1685 Establishment though it is unclear if her armament was changed to the 1703 Establishment later It is known that when completed her gun armament total at least 70 guns 10 11 Service 1701 to 1715 Edit HMS Berwick was commissioned in 1701 under the command of Captain John Leake for service with Sir George Rooke s Fleet In 1702 she came under Captain Richard Edwards remaining with Admiral Rooke s Fleet in Vice Admiral of the Red Thomas Hopsonn s Squadron The Fleet departed Portsmouth on 19 July 1702 for the Soundings at the Scilly Islands Finally departing for Cadiz Spain on the 22nd arriving at the Bay of Bulls north of Cadiz on 8 August After some success and much indecision on how to proceed the troops were withdrawn on 15 September and the Fleet departed by the 19th 12 10 On 21 September it was learned from a watering expedition to Lagos Portugal that the Spanish Treasure Fleet and its French escort was in the vicinity of Vigo Bay The Fleet sailed North to engage these vessels After a council of War on 11 October it was decided that only 25 vessels would be selected to attack the enemy vessels She fought in the Battle of Vigo Bay as a member White Squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Sir Stafford Fairborne on 12 October 13 All enemy vessels were either taken or destroyed and much treasure was taken 3 The Fleet returned to England 14 10 By September 1703 she was back in the Mediterranean with Sir George Rooke s Fleet In 1704 she came under the command of Captain Robert Fairfax remaining with Rooke s Fleet On 23 July 1704 she participated in the Capture of Gibraltar 15 4 She participated in the defense of Gibraltar at the Battle of Velez Malaga as a member of the Van Squadron on 13 August 1704 16 5 She suffered 23 killed with 24 wounded In 1705 she came under the command of Captain Thomas Lisle until 1712 She remained in the Mediterranean 1706 thru 1707 She was at Alicante Spain in July 1706 She was with Byng s Fleet at the Downs and North Sea during 1708 10 She went to Lisbon Portugal in May 1710 Following this she escorted the Brazilian Fleet before returning to the Mediterranean in 1711 For 1711 thru 1712 she was in the English Channel With the end of the War of Spanish Succession she was placed in Ordinary 10 Disposition EditIn October 1715 she was fitted as a hulk at Portsmouth 10 11 She was finally broken at Portsmouth in August 1742 10 Notes Edit cwt or hundredweight refers to the weight of the gun itselfCitations Edit Colledge 2020 a b Thomas 1998 Battle and Campaign Honours Section B Barfleur a b Thomas 1998 Battle and Campaign Honours Section V Vigo a b Thomas 1998 Battle and Campaign Honours Section G Gibraltar a b Thomas 1998 Battle and Campaign Honours Section V Velez Malaga a b c Winfield 2009 Ch 3 Vessels Acquired from 2 May 1660 1677 Programme First Batch 1677 Orders Berwick a b Lavery Ships of the Line vol 1 p 162 Thomas 1998 Battles No Honour awarded Section B Beachy Head Winfield 2009 Fleet Actions 6 3 Battle of Barfleur a b c d e f Winfield 2009 Chapter 3 Vessels Acquired from 18 December 1688 Rebuildings of 1697 1704 70 gins Group 3 all by contract Berwick a b Lavery Ships of the Line vol 1 p 166 Clowes 1898 Chapter XXIII pages 377 380 Winfield 2009 Fleet Actions 7 2 Battle of Vigo Clowes 1898 Chapter XXIII pages 381 385 Winfield 2009 Fleet Actions 7 3 Capture of Gibraltar Winfield 2009 Fleet Actions 7 4 Battle of Velez MalagaReferences EditLavery Brian 2003 The Ship of the Line Volume 1 The development of the battlefleet 1650 1850 Conway Maritime Press ISBN 0 85177 252 8 Colledge 2020 Ships of the Royal Navy by J J Colledge revised and updated by Lt Cdr Ben Warlow and Steve Bush published by Seaforth Publishing Barnsley Great Britain c 2020 ISBN 978 1 5267 9328 7 EPUB Section B Berwick Winfield 2009 British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603 1714 by Rif Winfield published by Seaforth Publishing England c 2009 EPUB ISBN 978 1 78346 924 6 Thomas 1998 Battles and Honours of the Royal Navy by David A Thomas first published in Great Britain by Leo Cooper 1998 Copyright c David A Thomas 1998 ISBN 085052 623 X EPUB Clowes William Laird 1898 The Royal Navy A History from the Earliest Times to the Present Vol II London England Sampson Low Marston amp Company c 1898 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HMS Berwick 1679 amp oldid 1167672927, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
