Montage of the HARPS spectrograph and the 3.6m telescope at La Silla. The upper left shows the dome of the telescope, while the upper right illustrates the telescope itself. The HARPS spectrograph is shown in the lower image during laboratory tests. The vacuum tank is open so that some of the high-precision components inside can be seen
The HARPS can attain a precision of 0.97 m/s (3.5 km/h),[2] making it one of only two instruments worldwide with such accuracy.[citation needed] This is due to a design in which the target star and a reference spectrum from a thorium lamp are observed simultaneously using two identical optic fibre feeds, and to careful attention to mechanical stability: the instrument sits in a vacuum vessel which is temperature-controlled to within 0.01 kelvins.[3] The precision and sensitivity of the instrument is such that it incidentally produced the best available measurement of the thorium spectrum.[citation needed] Planet-detection is in some cases limited by the seismic pulsations of the star observed rather than by limitations of the instrument.[4]
It was initially used for a survey of one-thousand stars.[citation needed]
Since October 2012 the HARPS spectrograph has the precision to detect a new category of planets: habitable super-Earths. This sensitivity was expected from simulations of stellar intrinsic signals, and actual observations of planetary systems. Currently, the HARPS can detect habitable super-Earth only around low-mass stars as these are more affected by gravitational tug from planets and have habitable zones close to the host star.[6]
Discoveries
This is an incomplete list of exoplanets discovered by the HARPS. The list is sorted by the date of the discovery's announcement. As of December 2017, the list contains 134 exoplanets.
CAFE (Calar Alto Fibre-fed Echelle spectrograph) installed on the Calar Alto Observatory's 2.2-metre telescope in 2014, and the CARMENES mounted on the 3.5-metre telescope in 2016.
^Mayor, Michel; Bonfils, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; et al. (2009). (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 507 (1): 487–494. arXiv:0906.2780. Bibcode:2009A&A...507..487M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912172. S2CID 2983930. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2009.
^Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri" (PDF). Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513.
^"HARPS Sees Sunshine for the First Time". www.eso.org. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
^"A decade of discoveries from HARPS". www.eso.org.
^"A Sparkling Ribbon of Stars — The Southern Milky Way over La Silla". ESO Picture of the Week. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
External links
Media related to HARPS spectrograph at Wikimedia Commons
"The Exoplanet Hunter HARPS: unequalled accuracy and perspectives towards 1 cm/s precision" (PDF). ESO. (Contains list of discoveries from 2005 survey.)
. Daily Galaxy. 17 June 2008. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
. NASA. 27 March 2007. Archived from the original on 22 April 2007.
May 05, 2023
high, accuracy, radial, velocity, planet, searcher, harps, redirects, here, other, uses, harp, disambiguation, harps, high, precision, echelle, planet, finding, spectrograph, installed, 2002, telescope, silla, observatory, chile, first, light, achieved, februa. HARPS redirects here For other uses see Harp disambiguation The High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher HARPS is a high precision echelle planet finding spectrograph installed in 2002 on the ESO s 3 6m telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile The first light was achieved in February 2003 HARPS has discovered over 130 exoplanets to date with the first one in 2004 making it the most successful planet finder behind the Kepler space observatory It is a second generation radial velocity spectrograph based on experience with the ELODIE and CORALIE instruments 1 Montage of the HARPS spectrograph and the 3 6m telescope at La Silla The upper left shows the dome of the telescope while the upper right illustrates the telescope itself The HARPS spectrograph is shown in the lower image during laboratory tests The vacuum tank is open so that some of the high precision components inside can be seen Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Discoveries 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksCharacteristics EditThe HARPS can attain a precision of 0 97 m s 3 5 km h 2 making it one of only two instruments worldwide with such accuracy citation needed This is due to a design in which the target star and a reference spectrum from a thorium lamp are observed simultaneously using two identical optic fibre feeds and to careful attention to mechanical stability the instrument sits in a vacuum vessel which is temperature controlled to within 0 01 kelvins 3 The precision and sensitivity of the instrument is such that it incidentally produced the best available measurement of the thorium spectrum citation needed Planet detection is in some cases limited by the seismic pulsations of the star observed rather than by limitations of the instrument 4 The principal investigator on the HARPS is Michel Mayor who along with Didier Queloz and Stephane Udry have used the instrument to characterize the Gliese 581 planetary system home to one of the smallest known exoplanets orbiting a normal star and two super Earths whose orbits lie in the star s habitable zone 5 It was initially used for a survey of one thousand stars citation needed Since October 2012 the HARPS spectrograph has the precision to detect a new category of planets habitable super Earths This sensitivity was expected from simulations of stellar intrinsic signals and actual observations of planetary systems Currently the HARPS can detect habitable super Earth only around low mass stars as these are more affected by gravitational tug from planets and have habitable zones close to the host star 6 Discoveries EditThis is an incomplete list of exoplanets discovered by the HARPS The list is sorted by the date of the discovery s announcement As of December 2017 the list contains 134 exoplanets HD 330075 b 10 February 2004Mu Arae c 25 August 2004HD 2638 b 22 March 2005HD 27894 b 22 March 2005HD 63454 b 22 March 2005HD 93083 b 30 March 2005HD 101930 b 30 March 2005Gliese 581b 8 September 2005HD 4308 b 12 October 2005HD 212301 b 25 January 2006HD 69830 b 18 May 2006HD 69830 c 18 May 2006HD 69830 d 18 May 2006Mu Arae d 14 18 August 2006Gliese 674 b 2 April 2007HD 100777 b 6 April 2007HD 190647 b 6 April 2007HD 221287 b 6 April 2007Gliese 581c 23 April 2007Gliese 581d 23 April 2007HD 171028 b 7 August 2007HD 40307 b 27 June 2008HD 40307 c 27 June 2008HD 40307 d 27 June 2008Gliese 176 b c 4 September 2008BD 17 63 b 26 October 2008HD 20868 b 26 October 2008HD 73267 b 26 October 2008HD 131664 b a 26 October 2008HD 145377 b 26 October 2008HD 153950 b 26 October 2008HD 47186 b 9 December 2008HD 47186 c 9 December 2008HD 181433 b 9 December 2009HD 181433 c 9 December 2009HD 181433 d 9 December 2009HD 45364 b 3 February 2009HD 45364 c 3 February 2009Gliese 581e 21 April 2009Gliese 667 Cb 19 October 2009BD 08 2823 b 16 December 2009BD 08 2823 c 16 December 2009HD 5388 b b 16 December 2009HD 181720 b 16 December 2009HD 190984 b 16 December 2009HD 125612 c 29 December 2009HD 125612 d 29 December 2009HD 215497 b 29 December 2009HD 215497 c 29 December 2009HIP 5158 b 29 December 2009HD 85390 b 5 October 2010HD 90156 b 5 October 2010HD 103197 b 5 October 2010HIP 12961 b 6 December 2010HD 1690 b 17 December 2010HD 25171 b 17 December 2010HD 113538 b 17 December 2010HD 113538 c 17 December 2010HD 217786 b a 17 December 2010HD 33473 Ab 17 December 2010HD 89839 b 17 December 2010HD 167677 b 17 December 2010HD 10180 b 23 November 2010HD 10180 c 23 November 2010HD 10180 d 23 November 2010HD 10180 e 23 November 2010HD 10180 f 23 November 2010HD 10180 g 23 November 2010HD 10180 h 23 November 2010HD 63765 b 1 July 2011HD 104067 b 1 July 2011HD 125595 b 1 July 2011HIP 70849 b 1 July 2011HD 137388 b 8 July 2011HD 204941 b 8 July 2011HD 7199 b 8 July 2011HD 7449 b 8 July 201182 G Eridani b 17 August 201182 G Eridani c 17 August 201182 G Eridani d 17 August 2011HD 85512 b 17 August 2011HR 7722 c 17 August 2011HD 1461 c 12 September 2011HD 13808 b 12 September 2011HD 13808 c 12 September 2011HD 20003 b 12 September 2011HD 20003 c 12 September 2011HD 20781 b 12 September 2011HD 20781 c 12 September 2011HD 21693 b 12 September 2011HD 21693 c 12 September 2011HD 31527 b 12 September 2011HD 31527 c 12 September 2011HD 31527 d 12 September 2011HD 38858 b 12 September 2011HD 39194 b 12 September 2011HD 39194 c 12 September 2011HD 39194 d 12 September 2011HD 45184 b 12 September 2011HD 51608 b 12 September 2011HD 51608 c 12 September 2011HD 93385 b 12 September 2011HD 93385 c 12 September 2011HD 96700 b 12 September 2011HD 96700 c 12 September 2011HD 126525 b 12 September 2011HD 134060 b 12 September 2011HD 134060 c 12 September 2011HD 134606 b 12 September 2011HD 134606 c 12 September 2011HD 134606 d 12 September 2011Nu2 Lupi b 12 September 2011Nu2 Lupi c 12 September 2011Nu2 Lupi d 12 September 2011HD 150433 b 12 September 2011HD 154088 b 12 September 2011HD 157172 b 12 September 2011HD 189567 b 12 September 2011HD 204313 c 12 September 2011HD 215152 b 12 September 2011HD 215152 c 12 September 2011HD 215456 b 12 September 2011HD 215456 c 12 September 2011Gliese 667 Cc 21 November 2011HD 10180 i 5 April 2012HD 10180 j 5 April 2012GJ 3470 b 22 June 2012Gliese 676 c 29 June 2012Gliese 676 d 29 June 2012Gliese 676 e 29 June 2012Gliese 163 b 6 September 2012Gliese 163 c 6 September 2012Gliese 667 Cd 25 June 2013Gliese 667 Cg 25 June 2013 Notes a M sin i brown dwarf b brown dwarf c shorter periodGallery Edit HELIOS instrument installed to feed sunlight via fibre optics to the HARPS 7 A decade of discoveries from HARPS 8 HARPS spectrograph HARPS spectrograph detail source source source source source source source source source source source source Animation of HD 10180 with its seven planetsSee also Edit ESO 3 6 metre telescope is home to the world s foremost exoplanet hunter HARPS 9 Similar instruments HARPS N is a copy of this instrument installed in the northern hemisphere in 2012 HARPS3 is an updated design of this instrument that will be installed on an upgraded and roboticised Isaac Newton Telescope in 2024 Fiber optic Improved Next generation Doppler Search for Exo Earths operating at Lick observatory since 2009 Anglo Australian Planet Search or AAPS is another southern hemisphere planet search program ESPRESSO is a new generation spectrograph for ESO s VLT Automated Planet Finder at the Lick observatory commissioned in 2013 CAFE Calar Alto Fibre fed Echelle spectrograph installed on the Calar Alto Observatory s 2 2 metre telescope in 2014 and the CARMENES mounted on the 3 5 metre telescope in 2016 EXPRES is a third generation radial velocity spectrograph that is planned to be installed on the Lowell Discovery Telescope Space based detectors COROT spacecraft operating since 2007 Kepler operational since 2009 Terrestrial Planet Finder not funded probably cancelled Space Interferometry Mission construction halted in 2010 Darwin early studies for a multi satellite missionReferences Edit Mayor M Pepe F Queloz D Bouchy F Rupprecht G Lo Curto G Avila G Benz W Bertaux J L et al 2003 Setting New Standards With HARPS PDF ESO Messenger 114 20 Bibcode 2003Msngr 114 20M 32 planets discovered outside solar system CNN com CNN 19 October 2009 Retrieved 4 May 2010 Lovis Christophe Pepe Francesco Bouchy Francois Lo Curto Gaspare Mayor Michel Pasquini Luca Queloz Didier Rupprecht Gero Udry Stephane Zucker Shay 2006 McLean Ian S Iye Masanori eds The exoplanet hunter HARPS unequalled accuracy and perspectives toward 1 cm s 1 precision PDF ESO Ground based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy 6269 62690P Bibcode 2006SPIE 6269E 0PL doi 10 1117 12 669991 S2CID 120961535 Retrieved 14 September 2011 Carrier Eggenberger P Leyder J C 2008 Asteroseismology of solar type stars particular physical effects PDF Journal of Physics Conference Series 118 1 012047 Bibcode 2008JPhCS 118a2047C doi 10 1088 1742 6596 118 1 012047 Mayor Michel Bonfils Xavier Forveille Thierry et al 2009 The HARPS search for southern extra solar planets XVIII An Earth mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system PDF Astronomy and Astrophysics 507 1 487 494 arXiv 0906 2780 Bibcode 2009A amp A 507 487M doi 10 1051 0004 6361 200912172 S2CID 2983930 Archived from the original PDF on 21 May 2009 Anglada Escude Guillem Amado Pedro J Barnes John et al 2016 A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri PDF Nature 536 7617 437 440 arXiv 1609 03449 Bibcode 2016Natur 536 437A doi 10 1038 nature19106 PMID 27558064 S2CID 4451513 HARPS Sees Sunshine for the First Time www eso org Retrieved 18 May 2018 A decade of discoveries from HARPS www eso org A Sparkling Ribbon of Stars The Southern Milky Way over La Silla ESO Picture of the Week Retrieved 11 April 2013 External links Edit Media related to HARPS spectrograph at Wikimedia Commons HARPS Home Page ESO Retrieved 25 April 2009 The Exoplanet Hunter HARPS unequalled accuracy and perspectives towards 1 cm s precision PDF ESO Contains list of discoveries from 2005 survey New Planet Hunting Technology Accelerates Discovery of Exo Planets amp Solar Systems Daily Galaxy 17 June 2008 Archived from the original on 7 October 2008 Retrieved 19 October 2008 Astronomers discover 4 new planets NASA 27 March 2007 Archived from the original on 22 April 2007 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher amp oldid 1097857031, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
