The Runestones of Högby are runestones located in the village of Högby in Östergötland, Sweden, but the name Högby runestone (Swedish: Högbystenen) usually refers to the notable Ög 81. It is famous for its eloquent epitaph in fornyrðislag for all the five sons of a man. The runestone was found when the church was demolished in 1874. Fragments of some other runestones were found as well. The Rundata project dates them to the late 10th century.
The following presentations show the runic inscription transliterated into Latin script, followed by transcriptions into Old East Norse dialect of Old Norse, and it ends with a translation into English.
The Högby rune stone is in style Pr1. It commemorates Assur, one of the first Varangians who is known to have died in the service of the Byzantine Emperor, and he is estimated to have died c. 1010,[1] or in the late 10th century.[2] He was one of the sons of the "good man" Gulli, and the rune stone describes a situation that may have been common for Scandinavian families at this time:[1] the stone was made on the orders of Assur's niece Þorgerðr in memory of her uncles who were all dead.[1]
Þorgerðr probably had the stone made as soon as she had learnt that Assur, the last one of her uncles, had died in Greece, and she probably did this to ensure her right of inheritance.[3] On the reverse side of the stone, she inscribed how her other uncles had died in fornyrðislag.[3]
Goðr karl Gulli gat fæm syni. Fioll a Føri frøkn drængʀ Asmundr, ændaðis Assurr austr i Grikkium, varð a Holmi Halfdan drepinn, Kari varð at Uddi(?) ok dauðr Boi.
The good man Gulli got five sons. The brave valiant man Ásmundr fell at Fœri; Ôzurr met his end in the east in Greece; Halfdan was killed at Holmr (Bornholm?); Kári was (killed) at Oddr(?); also dead (is) Búi.
Ásmundr probably died in the Battle of Fýrisvellir, in the 980s, and it was probably on the side of king Eric the Victorious.[4] Assur had entered into the service of a more powerful liege and died for the Byzantine Emperor.[5] Halfdan may have died either on Bornholm or in a holmgang,[6] and where Kári died is not certain either.[6] The most likely interpretation may be that he died on Od, the old name for the north-western cape of Zealand.[6] Búi's location of death is not given, but it was probably in a way which was not as glorious as those of his brothers.[6]
Inscriptionedit
Side A:
*
þukir
Þorgærðr(?)
*
resþi
ræisþi
*
stin
stæin
*
þansi
þannsi
*
eftiʀ
æftiʀ
*
asur
Assur,
*
sen
sinn
*
muþur*bruþur
moðurbroður
*
sin
sinn,
*
iaʀ
eʀ
*
eataþis
ændaðis
*
austr
austr
*
i
i
*
krikum
Grikkium.
*
* þukir * resþi * stin * þansi * eftiʀ * asur * sen * muþur*bruþur * sin * iaʀ * eataþis * austr * i * krikum *
{} Þorgærðr(?) {} ræisþi {} stæin {} þannsi {} æftiʀ {} Assur, {} sinn {} moðurbroður {} sinn, {} eʀ {} ændaðis {} austr {} i {} Grikkium. {}
Þorgerðr(?) raised this stone in memory of Ôzurr, her mother's brother. He met his end in the east in Greece.
Side B:
*
kuþr
Goðr
*
karl
karl
*
kuli
Gulli
*
kat
gat
*
fim
fæm
*
syni
syni.
*
feal
Fioll
*
o
a
*
furi
Føri
*
frukn
frøkn
*
treks
drængʀ
*
asmutr
Asmundr,
*
aitaþis
ændaðis
*
asur
Assurr
*
austr
austr
*
i
i
krikum
Grikkium,
*
uarþ
varð
*
o
a
hulmi
Holmi
*
halftan
Halfdan
*
tribin
drepinn,
*
kari
Kari
*
uarþ
varð
*
at
at
uti
Uddi(?)
*
* kuþr * karl * kuli * kat * fim * syni * feal * o * furi * frukn * treks * asmutr * aitaþis * asur * austr * i krikum * uarþ * o hulmi * halftan * tribin * kari * uarþ * at uti *
{} Goðr {} karl {} Gulli {} gat {} fæm {} syni. {} Fioll {} a {} Føri {} frøkn {} drængʀ {} Asmundr, {} ændaðis {} Assurr {} austr {} i Grikkium, {} varð {} a Holmi {} Halfdan {} drepinn, {} Kari {} varð {} at Uddi(?) {}
The good man Gulli got five sons. The brave valiant man Ásmundr fell at Fœri; Ôzurr met his end in the east in Greece; Halfdan was killed at Holmr (Bornholm?); Kári was (killed) at Oddr(?);
Larsson, Mats G. (2002). Götarnas Riken : Upptäcktsfärder Till Sveriges Enande. Bokförlaget Atlantis AB ISBN978-91-7486-641-4
Pritsak, Omeljan. (1981). The Origin of Rus'. Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. ISBN0-674-64465-4
runestones, högby, runestones, located, village, högby, östergötland, sweden, name, högby, runestone, swedish, högbystenen, usually, refers, notable, famous, eloquent, epitaph, fornyrðislag, five, sons, runestone, found, when, church, demolished, 1874, fragmen. The Runestones of Hogby are runestones located in the village of Hogby in Ostergotland Sweden but the name Hogby runestone Swedish Hogbystenen usually refers to the notable Og 81 It is famous for its eloquent epitaph in fornyrdislag for all the five sons of a man The runestone was found when the church was demolished in 1874 Fragments of some other runestones were found as well The Rundata project dates them to the late 10th century The following presentations show the runic inscription transliterated into Latin script followed by transcriptions into Old East Norse dialect of Old Norse and it ends with a translation into English Contents 1 Og 81 1 1 Inscription 2 Og 82 3 Og 83 4 See also 5 Notes 6 Sources 7 External sourceOg 81 edit nbsp Side A of the runestone nbsp Side B of the runestone The Hogby rune stone is in style Pr1 It commemorates Assur one of the first Varangians who is known to have died in the service of the Byzantine Emperor and he is estimated to have died c 1010 1 or in the late 10th century 2 He was one of the sons of the good man Gulli and the rune stone describes a situation that may have been common for Scandinavian families at this time 1 the stone was made on the orders of Assur s niece THorgerdr in memory of her uncles who were all dead 1 THorgerdr probably had the stone made as soon as she had learnt that Assur the last one of her uncles had died in Greece and she probably did this to ensure her right of inheritance 3 On the reverse side of the stone she inscribed how her other uncles had died in fornyrdislag 3 Godr karl Gulli gat faem syni Fioll a Fori frokn draengʀ Asmundr aendadis Assurr austr i Grikkium vard a Holmi Halfdan drepinn Kari vard at Uddi ok daudr Boi The good man Gulli got five sons The brave valiant man Asmundr fell at Fœri Ozurr met his end in the east in Greece Halfdan was killed at Holmr Bornholm Kari was killed at Oddr also dead is Bui Asmundr probably died in the Battle of Fyrisvellir in the 980s and it was probably on the side of king Eric the Victorious 4 Assur had entered into the service of a more powerful liege and died for the Byzantine Emperor 5 Halfdan may have died either on Bornholm or in a holmgang 6 and where Kari died is not certain either 6 The most likely interpretation may be that he died on Od the old name for the north western cape of Zealand 6 Bui s location of death is not given but it was probably in a way which was not as glorious as those of his brothers 6 Inscription edit Side A thukirTHorgaerdr resthiraeisthi stinstaein thansithannsi eftiʀaeftiʀ asurAssur sensinn muthur bruthurmodurbrodur sinsinn iaʀeʀ eatathisaendadis austraustr ii krikumGrikkium thukir resthi stin thansi eftiʀ asur sen muthur bruthur sin iaʀ eatathis austr i krikum THorgaerdr raeisthi staein thannsi aeftiʀ Assur sinn modurbrodur sinn eʀ aendadis austr i Grikkium THorgerdr raised this stone in memory of Ozurr her mother s brother He met his end in the east in Greece Side B kuthrGodr karlkarl kuliGulli katgat fimfaem synisyni fealFioll oa furiFori fruknfrokn treksdraengʀ asmutrAsmundr aitathisaendadis asurAssurr austraustr iikrikumGrikkium uarthvard oahulmiHolmi halftanHalfdan tribindrepinn kariKari uarthvard atatutiUddi kuthr karl kuli kat fim syni feal o furi frukn treks asmutr aitathis asur austr i krikum uarth o hulmi halftan tribin kari uarth at uti Godr karl Gulli gat faem syni Fioll a Fori frokn draengʀ Asmundr aendadis Assurr austr i Grikkium vard a Holmi Halfdan drepinn Kari vard at Uddi The good man Gulli got five sons The brave valiant man Asmundr fell at Fœri Ozurr met his end in the east in Greece Halfdan was killed at Holmr Bornholm Kari was killed at Oddr Side C aukok tauthrdaudr buiBoi thurkilTHorkell ristraeist runaʀrunaʀ auk tauthr bui thurkil rist runaʀ ok daudr Boi THorkell raeist runaʀ also dead is Bui THorkell carved the runes Og 82 edit nbsp Og 82 This runestone is in style RAK and it was made in memory of a man who owned or commanded the settlement thurkilTHorkell r i raei st th a s i thannsi i ftiʀaeftiʀ uintOyvind tustaTosta sunsun iaʀeʀ atiati hugbuHogby thurkil r i th a s i i ftiʀ uint tusta sun iaʀ ati hugbu THorkell raei st thannsi aeftiʀ Oyvind Tosta sun eʀ ati Hogby THorkell carved this in memory of Eyvindr Tosti s son who owned Haugbyr Og 83 edit nbsp Og 83 This runestone is tentatively categorized as style Pr1 Pr2 and it was made in memory of a son who died in the West thuraTHora satisatti stinstaein thasithannsi aftiʀaeftiʀ suinSvaein sunsun sinsinn ʀses uʀstrvestr oa ualu lt ualu gt thura sati stin thasi aftiʀ suin sun sin ʀs uʀstr o ualu THora satti staein thannsi aeftiʀ Svaein sun sinn es vestr a lt ualu gt THora placed this stone in memory of Sveinn her son who died in the west in lt ualu gt See also editJoint Nordic database for runic inscriptions List of runestones De foro manligen fjarran efter guld En historisk berattelse om utlandsfarare fran Ostergotland under vikingatiden by Jan R Asph Notes edit a b c Pritsak 1981 375 Rundata a b Larsson 1981 141 Larsson 1981 142 143 Larsson 1981 143 144 a b c d Larsson 1981 144Sources editBrate Erik 1911 Ostergotlands Runinskrifter Larsson Mats G 2002 Gotarnas Riken Upptacktsfarder Till Sveriges Enande Bokforlaget Atlantis AB ISBN 978 91 7486 641 4 Pritsak Omeljan 1981 The Origin of Rus Cambridge Mass Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute ISBN 0 674 64465 4External source editJoint Nordic database for runic inscriptions 58 21 38 N 15 05 59 E 58 3606 N 15 0997 E 58 3606 15 0997 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Runestones of Hogby amp oldid 1209903340 Og 81, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
