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Güevedoce

March 17, 2024

In the Dominican Republic, güevedoces (from Spanish: güevedoce, from Dominican Spanish güevos a los doce "testicles[1] at twelve") are children with a specific disorder of sex development. Güevedoces are classified as girls when they are born but, around the age of 12, they start developing male genitalia. This is due to a deficiency in the production of 5α-reductase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.[2][3][4][5][6] The same phenomenon occurs in Papua New Guinea, where it is called kwolu-aatmwol (literally 'a female thing changing into a male thing'[7]) by the Sambia people,[8] and in Turkey.[9] Anne Fausto-Sterling states that güevedoces (as well as people in Papua New Guinea with 5α-reductase deficiency) "are recognised as a third sex" by their cultures, while the cultures "nevertheless recognize only two gender roles".[8]

Early research edit

The first scientific investigations of güevedoces occurred in the 1970s, when Julianne Imperato-McGinley, an endocrinologist from Cornell University, traveled to the village of Las Salinas in the Dominican Republic to investigate reports of apparently female children becoming male children at the onset of puberty.[10] The cause was determined to be 5α-Reductase deficiency, and the results were published in the journal Science in 1974. The frequency of the deficiency was found to be unusually high in Las Salinas, with occurrence ratio of 1 güevedoce to every 90 unaffected males.[11]

The transformation of a phenotypically female child into a phenotypically male adult at puberty, which is reported to be celebrated in Dominican culture, is the result of a genotypic male (with XY chromosomes) born with a deficiency in the enzyme 5α-reductase. 5α-Reductase is responsible for the reduction of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the hormone responsible for the majority of embryonic development of primary male sexual characteristics such as genital size. However, the oxidized form of the hormone, testosterone, promotes secondary sex characteristics. Thus, an XY child without functioning 5α-reductase cannot convert testosterone into the form that develops primary sex characteristics and will have the appearance of female genitalia. At puberty, when large amounts of testosterone are produced, secondary sex characteristics (e.g., deepening voice, hair pattern changes, muscle anabolism, etc.) develop, thus producing a phenotypic male.[citation needed]

Status in society edit

In countries like the United States, intersex children are often operated on immediately after birth to make their genitals appear either typically male or female. In the Dominican Republic guevedoces are regarded as a third gender, experiencing ambivalent gender socialisation. In adulthood, guevedoces most commonly self-identify as men, but are not necessarily completely treated as such by society.[8]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Hamer, Eleanor; Díez de Urdanivia, Fernando (2017). 3,000 Spanish Words and Phrases They Won't Teach You in School. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 9781510725379.
  2. ^ "The extraordinary case of the Guevedoces". BBC. 20 September 2015.
  3. ^ Баринова, Анастасия (4 September 2018). "Девочки превращаются в мальчиков: доминиканский феномен". National Geographic Russia (in Russian).
  4. ^ Knapton, Sarah (20 September 2015). "The astonishing village where little girls turn into boys aged 12". The Telegraph.
  5. ^ Bosson, Jennifer K.; Vandello, Joseph A.; Buckner, Camille E. (2018). The Psychology of Sex and Gender. SAGE. ISBN 9781506331324.
  6. ^ Pou, Jackie (4 March 2015). "The World of Intersex Children and One Person's Journey Between Two Sexes". ABC News.
  7. ^ Kogan, Terry S. (1997). "Transsexuals and Critical Gender Theory: The Possibility of a Restroom Labeled Other". Hastings Law Journal. 48 (6): 1244.
  8. ^ a b c Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing the Body: Gender politics and the construction of sexuality (1st ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books. p. 109. ISBN 0465077145.
  9. ^ Jong, Diana Mettadewi (2016). "5-alpha-reductase deficiency: a case report". Indonesian Pediatric Society. 43 (6): 234–240. doi:10.14238/pi43.6.2003.234-40. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  10. ^ The 'Guevedoces' of the Dominican Republic, Urological Sciences Research Foundation, retrieved August 23, 2019
  11. ^ Imperato-McGinley, Julianne; Guerrero, Luis; Gautier, Teofilo; Peterson, Ralph Edward (December 1974). "Steroid 5alpha-reductase deficiency in man: an inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism". Science. 186 (4170): 1213–1215. Bibcode:1974Sci...186.1213I. doi:10.1126/science.186.4170.1213. PMID 4432067. S2CID 36427689.

External links edit

 
Look up güevedoce in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

March 17, 2024
güevedoce, dominican, republic, güevedoces, from, spanish, güevedoce, from, dominican, spanish, güevos, doce, testicles, twelve, children, with, specific, disorder, development, classified, girls, when, they, born, around, they, start, developing, male, genita. In the Dominican Republic guevedoces from Spanish guevedoce from Dominican Spanish guevos a los doce testicles 1 at twelve are children with a specific disorder of sex development Guevedoces are classified as girls when they are born but around the age of 12 they start developing male genitalia This is due to a deficiency in the production of 5a reductase an enzyme involved in the metabolism of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone 2 3 4 5 6 The same phenomenon occurs in Papua New Guinea where it is called kwolu aatmwol literally a female thing changing into a male thing 7 by the Sambia people 8 and in Turkey 9 Anne Fausto Sterling states that guevedoces as well as people in Papua New Guinea with 5a reductase deficiency are recognised as a third sex by their cultures while the cultures nevertheless recognize only two gender roles 8 Contents 1 Early research 2 Status in society 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksEarly research editThe first scientific investigations of guevedoces occurred in the 1970s when Julianne Imperato McGinley an endocrinologist from Cornell University traveled to the village of Las Salinas in the Dominican Republic to investigate reports of apparently female children becoming male children at the onset of puberty 10 The cause was determined to be 5a Reductase deficiency and the results were published in the journal Science in 1974 The frequency of the deficiency was found to be unusually high in Las Salinas with occurrence ratio of 1 guevedoce to every 90 unaffected males 11 The transformation of a phenotypically female child into a phenotypically male adult at puberty which is reported to be celebrated in Dominican culture is the result of a genotypic male with XY chromosomes born with a deficiency in the enzyme 5a reductase 5a Reductase is responsible for the reduction of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone DHT is the hormone responsible for the majority of embryonic development of primary male sexual characteristics such as genital size However the oxidized form of the hormone testosterone promotes secondary sex characteristics Thus an XY child without functioning 5a reductase cannot convert testosterone into the form that develops primary sex characteristics and will have the appearance of female genitalia At puberty when large amounts of testosterone are produced secondary sex characteristics e g deepening voice hair pattern changes muscle anabolism etc develop thus producing a phenotypic male citation needed Status in society editIn countries like the United States intersex children are often operated on immediately after birth to make their genitals appear either typically male or female In the Dominican Republic guevedoces are regarded as a third gender experiencing ambivalent gender socialisation In adulthood guevedoces most commonly self identify as men but are not necessarily completely treated as such by society 8 See also editGender system 5a Reductase deficiencyReferences edit Hamer Eleanor Diez de Urdanivia Fernando 2017 3 000 Spanish Words and Phrases They Won t Teach You in School Skyhorse Publishing ISBN 9781510725379 The extraordinary case of the Guevedoces BBC 20 September 2015 Barinova Anastasiya 4 September 2018 Devochki prevrashayutsya v malchikov dominikanskij fenomen National Geographic Russia in Russian Knapton Sarah 20 September 2015 The astonishing village where little girls turn into boys aged 12 The Telegraph Bosson Jennifer K Vandello Joseph A Buckner Camille E 2018 The Psychology of Sex and Gender SAGE ISBN 9781506331324 Pou Jackie 4 March 2015 The World of Intersex Children and One Person s Journey Between Two Sexes ABC News Kogan Terry S 1997 Transsexuals and Critical Gender Theory The Possibility of a Restroom Labeled Other Hastings Law Journal 48 6 1244 a b c Fausto Sterling Anne 2000 Sexing the Body Gender politics and the construction of sexuality 1st ed New York NY Basic Books p 109 ISBN 0465077145 Jong Diana Mettadewi 2016 5 alpha reductase deficiency a case report Indonesian Pediatric Society 43 6 234 240 doi 10 14238 pi43 6 2003 234 40 Retrieved 24 October 2020 The Guevedoces of the Dominican Republic Urological Sciences Research Foundation retrieved August 23 2019 Imperato McGinley Julianne Guerrero Luis Gautier Teofilo Peterson Ralph Edward December 1974 Steroid 5alpha reductase deficiency in man an inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism Science 186 4170 1213 1215 Bibcode 1974Sci 186 1213I doi 10 1126 science 186 4170 1213 PMID 4432067 S2CID 36427689 External links edit nbsp Look up guevedoce in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Guevedoce amp oldid 1156925919, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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