György Jendrassik
György Jendrassik or in English technical literature: George Jendrassik (1898 Budapest – 1954 London) was a Hungarian physicist and mechanical engineer.
Jendrassik completed his education at Budapest's József Technical University, then at the University of Berlin attended lectures of the famous physicists Albert Einstein and Max Planck. In 1922 he obtained his diploma in mechanical engineering in Budapest. From 1927 he worked at Ganz Rt, where he helped to develop diesel engines, of which the first few pieces were made with single and double cylinders; later, the 4- and 6-cylinder four-stroke versions were developed, without compression and with mixing chamber.
Diesel Engines Edit
He started working at Ganz and Company - Danubius Electricity, Machine, Waggon and Shipyard Ltd. He started his activities within the Study Department, which was the development and experimental department. His first work included the strength calculation and preparation of the load tests for the main girders of a new type of wagon for the Dutch coastal local railways. At this time the main focus of the Study Department was the development of a medium-speed semi-diesel engine. This gave Jendrassik the opportunity to study the theoretical and practical problems of the diesel engine. Jendrassik's interest soon turned to the development of diesel engines. He developed a number of patents which laid the foundations for the development of small and medium-performance diesel engines for use in vehicles. After two years of development work, the Jm 130 single-cylinder engine was produced in 1927. It had a bore of 130 mm, a stroke of 160 mm, and produced 12 hp at 1000 rpm with a specific consumption of 210 grams. This was later developed into two-, four- and six-cylinder versions, which were stable, suitable for rail and marine propulsion, and which featured a combustion chamber in the front. In 1927, seeing the success of the diesel engines, Jendrassik developed the first patents and engines within the Study Department, but in the summer of 1927 the independent Jendrassik Engine Construction Department was established. This department continued to operate after Jendrassik's death until the end of 1958. The Ganz-Jendrassik engines were the start of the motorisation of the railways, but diesel engines were also used in shipping and road vehicles.
Its patents were bought by several major engine manufacturers, including the Spanish Hispano-Suiza and the British Vickers, which were the leading engine manufacturers at the time. Jendrassik was fluent in German, French, English and Spanish. He also needed his great language skills, because he often had to travel to the headquarters of large Western European engineering companies in the affairs of the Ganz company and in the case of the sale of his own patents. He set up a private office in 1934, where he and his colleagues designed a six-cylinder V-type diesel engine for Hispano-Suiza in 1934. He also maintained his own office alongside Ganz Rt. In 1934, he married Johanna Schmall, the eldest daughter of Henrik Schmall, a qualified architect. The increasingly perfected Jendrassik engines became known all over the world and enhanced the reputation of Hungarian industry, the Ganz factory and not least György Jendrassik. In addition to his constant engine development activities, he was also involved in the realisation of gas turbines. In his private office, the thermodynamic calculations for the future gas turbine were carried out.
Turboprop Edit
Later on he worked on gas turbines and in order to speed up research, he established the Invention Development and Marketing Co. Ltd. in 1936. The next year he ran an experimental gas turbine engine of 100 hp.[1]
He next began work on a turboprop engine, which would emerge as the CS-1 prototype, produced and tested in the Ganz works in Budapest. Of axial-flow design with 15-stage compressor and 7-stage turbine, it incorporated many modern features. With predicted output of 1,000 bhp at 13,500 rpm the Cs-1 stirred interest in the Hungarian aircraft industry with its potential to power a modern generation of high-performance aircraft, and construction was begun of a twin-engined fighter-bomber, the Varga RMI-1 X/H, to be powered by it. Its first bench run took place in 1940, making it the world's first turboprop engine to run. However combustion problems were experienced which limited the output to around 400 bhp. Development was discontinued in 1941 when agreement was reached to manufacture the Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine in Hungary.[1][2]
Jendrassik's reputation continued to grow, and he became the factory's managing director from 1942 to 1945. In recognition of his scientific work he was elected in 1943 corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. After the war he was not able to continue developing gas turbines. As a successful entrepreneur, Political distrust surrounded him in the new communist-dominated Hungary. Before the nationalization of large companies, the communist party of Mátyás Rákosi carried out a large-scale political campaign and disparaging propaganda activities against the rich industrialists and large entrepreneurs, and made the rich socially responsible for the poverty after the World War. Jendrassik no longer felt safe in Hungary. After a spell in Argentina, he came to London in 1948 to become consultant and director to Metropolitan Railcars Ltd., controlled by Metropolitan Cammell and Metropolitan-Vickers. Since 1949, Jendrassik has also been an external consultant of Power Jets (Research and Development) Ltd., with which company he was working until his death, on the development of a pressure exchanger; this is a promising type of heat engine in which the compression and expansion of a gaseous medium is effected by direct action of the gases involved without the employment of mechanical parts such ad pistons or blades[3] The number of his inventions on record only in Hungary is 77. His last invention of great importance was the pressure-compensating device for jet engines at the Power Jets Ltd.
Patents in Hungary Edit
During his lifetime, he has been listed on 60 patent applications in Hungary:
| Hungarian patent number | Date of filing | Department code | Title of the patent |
|---|---|---|---|
| 94510 | 09.09.1924 | V/d/2 | Internal combustion engine and method of operation thereof |
| 94538 | 21.05.1926 | V/d/2 | Internal combustion engine with variable torque over a wide range |
| 94953 | 30.09.1926 | V/d/2 | The fuel pump operating mechanism for internal combustion engines |
| 95627 | 21.04.1927 | V/d/2 | Compressorless fuel injection internal combustion engine |
| 98058 | 22.11.1927 | V/e/1 | Valve, mainly for fuel pumps or carburettors for thermal power engines |
| 99445 | 25.06.1928 | V/d/2 | Device for operating a fuel pump |
| 99555 | 22.05.1928 | V/d/3 | Sickle shaped working chamber, roller pump or motor |
| 100249 | 12.03.1929 | XXI/c | Diffuser, mainly for centrifugal pumps and compressors |
| 101099 | 22.03.1929 | V/d/1 | Radial flow gas turbine wheel, mainly for constant pressure gas turbines |
| 102168 | 01.01.1930 | V/d/2 | Compressorless fuel injection internal combustion engine |
| 102467 | 21.11.1929 | V/d/2 | Stroke governor for spring-loaded fuel pumps with buffer stroke |
| 103750 | 03.07.1930 | V/d/2 | Flushing pump for internal combustion engines |
| 103785 | 05.04.1930 | V/d/2 | Equipment for cooling pistons of internal combustion engines with lubricating oil |
| 103968 | 06.05.1930 | XXI/c | Piston pump |
| 104125 | 02.08.1930 | V/d/2 | Piston pump or engine |
| 104590 | 10.07.1930 | V/d/2 | Equipment to facilitate starting of power engines |
| 105614 | 19.02.19.19.19.31. | V/e/2 | Method and apparatus for storing energy of currents and returning the stored energy |
| 105664 | 30.11.1928 | V/d/2 | Bypass bore or duct for partitions and baffles in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines with a prechamber system |
| 105928 | 07.02.1930 | V/d/2 | Fuel pump actuator |
| 106412 | 16.10.1930 | XXI/c | Process and apparatus for the transfer of energy between fluid media |
| 106453 | 30.05.1931 | XXI/c | Suction equipment for pumps, especially centrifugal pumps |
| 108105 | 02.03.1932 | V/e/1 | Equipment for increasing the heat transfer of fluids flowing in tubes |
| 108126 | 1932.04.05. | V/d/2 | Method for eliminating harmful pressure surges in the injection bodies of diesel engines without compressors |
| 109447 | 10.01.1933 | XVIII/a | Cooling or heating surfaces for liquid or gaseous media |
| 109728 | 08.04.1930 | V/d/2 | Two-stroke internal combustion engine |
| 111353 | 11.11.1933 | V/d/2 | Method and apparatus for cooling main and crank pins of rotary shaft valves, especially of internal combustion engines |
| 111446 | 23.09.1933 | V/d/2 | Bypass bore or duct for combustion chamber bulkheads and baffles of internal combustion engines with pre-chamber system |
| 111648 | 14.01.1933 | V/d/2 | Equipment for fixing antechambers, air receivers, etc. in the cylinder heads of internal combustion engines |
| 113629 | 22.03.1935. | V/e/1 | Gland plate |
| 114505 | 01.04.1935 | V/d | Operating procedure and equipment for gas turbines |
| 114689 | 15.06.1935 | V/d/3 | Drive rods, especially for high-speed engines |
| 114740 | 09.04.1935 | V/d/2 | Operating procedure and equipment for internal combustion piston engines, mainly for vehicles |
| 117387 | 10.06.1936 | V/d/2 | Equipment for the operational control of engines for motor vehicles |
| 117559 | 09.07.1936 | V/e/1 | Piston ring pair in a common piston groove |
| 119895 | 13.02.1937 | V/d/2 | Working procedure for gas turbines and gas turbine for carrying out the procedure |
| 120477 | 31.05.1935 | XXI/c | Rotary aerodynamic compressor |
| 120831 | 24.12.1937 | V/d/1 | Control method for gas turbines and gas turbine for use therewith |
| 120860 | 26.06.1937 | V/d/2 | Equipment for gas turbines |
| 121918 | 26.01.1938 | V/d/2 | Operating procedure for combustion turbines and turbine equipment for carrying out the procedure |
| 121919 | 16.04.1938 | V/d/2 | Operating procedure and equipment for gas turbines |
| 123678 | 12.07.1938 | V/d/2 | Process for a group of machines comprising in series and mechanically independent turbines and associated equipment |
| 123679 | 14.07.1938 | V/d/2 | Procedure for the control of gas turbines and associated equipment |
| 124290 | 11.04.1939 | V/d/2 | Operation procedure and equipment for gas turbines |
| 126422 | 02.08.1939 | V/d/2 | Heat exchanger |
| 128044 | 26.07.1940 | V/d/2 | Method and apparatus for gas turbine valves for changing the rotational sense of the machinery unit performing the useful work |
| 128045 | 17.10.1940 | XXI/c | Process and apparatus for compressor plants for controlling the quantity of working fluid delivered |
| 128611 | 28.08.1940 | V/d/2 | Support system for bearings for rotating machines with hot working fluid, mainly gas and steam turbines |
| 130185 | 03.07.1941 | V/e/1 | Equipment for damping torsional vibrations |
| 131263 | 20.12.1941 | XVIII/b | Dry quenching method and equipment |
| 132904 | 26.02.1942 | V/d/2 | Procedure and apparatus for controlling the operation of gas turbines |
| 133514 | 22.05.1942 | II/h | Heat exchanger |
| 134340 | 26.11.1942 | V/d/1 | Caloric turbine, mainly gas turbine |
| 134341 | 26.11.1942 | V/d/1 | Caloric turbine, mainly gas turbine |
| 135274 | 16.04.1943 | II/h | Surface heat exchanger, mainly cooling |
| 136421 | 13.07.1943 | V/d/2 | Process for the operation of rotating machines with blades of a periodic type according to a periodic operating process, and machine or mechanical apparatus for carrying out the process |
| 136611 | 28.01.1943 | II/h | Heat exchanger with thermal storage |
| 137368 | 21.06.1943 | V/d/1 | Process for the operation of rotary machines with paddle-cosmos in alternating flow direction and rotary machines for carrying out the process |
| 138415 | 10.11.1942 | V/d/2 | Method and apparatus for the control of variable speed turbine gas turbine plants |
| 139149 | 12.02.1946 | XVIII/h | Process and apparatus for cooling high temperature gaseous media |